Disrupting Global Logistics ISO s New Supply Chain Standard Fred Tubb icontrol Incorporated http://www.icontrol-inc.com Avoid train wrecks. Use Standards. Collect Connect Control http://www.icontrol-inc.com IEEE RFID 2015 1
Disruptive Technologies What are Disruptive Technologies? 1) Emerging technology currently not deployed in the market 2) Will likely displace legacy processes or products 3) Creates a new market (often multiple markets) Recent examples: a) Personal computer vs typewriters, b) Cell phones vs land lines, c) Email vs Fax machines, d) LED lighting vs incandescent bulbs. e) Search Engines vs Public Library IEEE as a standards body has been involved with 1000 s of disruptive technologies. Collect Connect Control http://www.icontrol-inc.com IEEE RFID 2015
Disruptive Technologies Standards Improve Odds of Success IEEE RFID 2015
Monetary Standards Globalization (1950 s Style) Post WWII: - 1944 Bretton Woods Conference Produce financial standards designed to enhance world trade. Next 12 years implement: - World Trade Organization (WTO) - International Trade Organization (ITO) - Harmonization and tariff reduction - IP Recognition and Protection Standards That Changed The World Barriers dropped, but global trade organizations failed to identify advances in technology to implement trade goals Collect Connect Control http://www.icontrol-inc.com
1950 s: DoD experimented with containerized freight 1960 s: Transporting goods remained highly inefficient Shipping Industry: Cost driven goal to create a system standard 1968: ISO 1968-72 Created ISO Container Specification - Quantization of cargo - Re-Usable Containers - Predictable end to end delivery - Security - Universal handling equipment Standards That Changed The World Mechanical Standards Before the Internet, Mechanical Engineer s ruled Today: Greater than 35M containers in circulation (WSC) Collect Connect Control http://www.icontrol-inc.com IEEE RFID 2015
Standards That Changed The World Personal Computing and Internet Protocols Globalization of Knowledge - Global Communication: - Common Language - Frame of reference - Remote control - Location determination - Global purchasing - Research and Development Internet of Things: (IoT) - Not just connecting people, devices Collect Connect Control http://www.icontrol-inc.com IEEE RFID 2015
Internet of Things (IoT). Telemetry, SCADA, Internet Appliances, RFID, M2M, IoT, IIoT As a concept, IoT has been around > 20 years. IoT is a Disruptive Technology: Changes business processes Renders many data collection methods obsolete More Data. All the Time. Too much Data? Data reduction, processing, and analytics Key Challenges: Technical: Interoperability, security, cost, processing, and power management Market Adoption: Business Processes, Effective ROI, enterprise utilization Why Now: Commodity prices for low cost, low power devices Advances in battery and power scavenging Wireless technologies and SOC Protocol standards, security, and interoperability Business acceptance and reduced of barriers to adoption
ISO s New Supply Chain Standard Disrupting Global Logistics ISO 18000-4 mode 3: ISO Category 18000-4: Standard for RFID using 2.4GHz frequencies Application: Shipping containers and other assets involved in global trade Mode 3 Driving Requirements: Container Security and supply chain management Interested parties included DHS, WSC, WCO, and related ISO Committees ISO Working Group s (SC31) Goal: Enhance supply chain security and support emerging customs regulations Produce a global wireless communication standard for shipping containers and supply chain conveyance systems Provide a dual use system (simultaneous commercial and Customs usage) Encourage network deployment and cooperation
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3) Functional Requirements: Goal Implementation Comment Globally Accepted License free 2.4GHz ISM band DSSS Low Power <100 uwatt average 3-5 year battery life Rapid Response < 1 second wake up Drive by read from sleep Secure Support encryption Exportable 128 AES Non proprietary Commodity IC s $3-4 part costs in volume Multi-channel Network Load Balance 16 Channels Medium Throughput Good for sensors Not used for video 250Kbps Quite Tag Talk Last Reader initiated transmissions Variable Range Control 10m - 3km typical usage Variable beacon intervals Programmable Network Topologies 4 supported topologies Specialized Beacon payloads Network Status Messages
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3) Physical Layer: IEEE 802.15.4 2.4GHz DSSS (Globally accepted. License Free) 16 Channels >100M IC s in production with multiple sources Radio function in <200 usec after wakeup Most 802.15.4 MAC layer functions retained Suitable data rate for most battery powered sensors Good multi-path rejection Moderate range
ISO 18000-4 mode 3 Reader Performance and Network Tests 400 m 800 m Minimal infrastructure. Easy to deploy. One reader connects tags to data center Bi-direction read ranges ~2km Deployable at any location remote monitoring is required WAN (Ethernet, cellular, satellite) available for communications backhaul to server 1.4 km Port of Los Angeles - APL Terminal 11 Port of Tokyo - NYK Terminal
Tracking Tests (DHS and MLIT) Japan to US Japan MATTS tag installed Network Objectives: Transmit data securely Provide continuous global location and status visibility Leverage and adapt to existing and available communications networks Tracking capability is broadly applicable to assets Rail Los Angeles - Chicago Inland Tracking to port Ship-board to US 12 Ocean Terminal, Departure
Tracking and Security Tests: China to US Cooperative Programs. Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG), US Ports, DHS, and Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) Factory: ISO 18186 Data Entry Program Objectives Integrate SIPG sponsored ISO 18186 with 18000-4 Provide continuous global location and status for DHS CSD s Evaluate protocol interoperability and cooperation between PRC and US Savannah Port Reader China Factory to SIPG Terminal Ship-board China to US Panama Canal -> US
ISO 18000-4 Implementation Details Network Topologies Star Peer to Peer Trunk Mesh
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3) Network Discovery Beacons (NDB) Two Methods of Network Discovery Connectionless: Drive by applications Connected: Sustained Network Beacons Provide Content and Management - Use Defined Hailing Channels - Alternate Channels - Network Load Balancing - Connection Type - Location Information - Radio Waypoints - Beacon Interval - Reporting Interval - Security Collect Connect Control http://www.icontrol-inc.com IEEE RFID 2015
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3) Network Status Messages (NSM) NSM is a key feature for Interoperability and Cooperation Devices may be configured on a per trip basis for Data Ownership Destination server Security Operating modes NSM Messages: Request Service Type and Network Routing - Server to Server Connection parameters - Device Authentication - Network Topology Collect Connect Control http://www.icontrol-inc.com IEEE RFID 2015
Application Stories ISO Container Tracking and Security - Commercial Automotive Importers - Expedited Customs Clearance Environmental Monitoring - US DoD Environmental Monitoring and Equipment Readiness
Secure Transit Corridors DHS Electronic Chain of Custody Large scale Customs program for truck and rail border crossings CBP to test use for monitoring security devices to track and monitor conveyances as they enter the US Bonded cargo Canada US Mexico Import US inland 1000 s of shipments performed during FY13 Plans: CBP integrates program into C-TPAT
DOD Applications for ISO 18000-4 Building Environmental Monitoring and Control Cocoon Inc.: Mobile warehouses for strategic DOD assets Integrated wireless sensor network LAN and Satellite WAN Alarm, monitoring, and LBS Container Tracking and Management Leased and DOD ISO Container security Location determination Contents and condition Yard Part Monitoring Tracking and RTLS Internal Monitoring Temperature, RH Pressure, light, and motion
Wireless Sensor Networks IoT Applications Internet Ethernet, Cellular or, Satellite Secure Internet Access Wireless 2.4GHz 4/16/2015 Sensing Devices Readers Software Collect Connect Control http://www.icontrol-inc.com 20 IEEE RFID 2015
Q&A Collect Connect Control http://www.icontrol-inc.com IEEE RFID 2015