Click the icon to play Listen to History audio. Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps.
Main Idea A New Kind of Revolution In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. Content Statement 9/Learning Goal Analyze the social, political and economic effects of industrialization on Western Europe and the world. Easy terms: How did the Industrialization impact society, government, and the economy?
The Industrial Revolution Ch 7-1 Vocabulary Section 1 Industrial Revolution: era when power driven machinery was developed enclosure movement: a process in Europe from 1700 s to mid 1800 s when land owners fenced small fields to create large farms. Allowed for more efficient farming methods factors of production: the basic resources for industrialization, such as land, labor and capital. cottage industry: a usually small-scale industry carried on at home by family members using their own equipment factory: a place where goods are manufactured in mass quantity industrialization: developing industries for the production of goods
A Revolution in Great Britain Industrial Revolution- changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery in 1700 s. 1. Factors for Success p.236 1. Exploration and colonialism- England gained colonies to support need for raw materials 2. Sea power- Largest had most powerful navy in world. Import and export goods w/o fear. 3. Political stability- Stable leadership with King George II & III 4. Government support- Parliament passed business friendly laws to help business compete 5. Growth of private investment- Business funded experiments to develop new products
2. Agricultural Factors 1. Research and development on farms Jethro Tull, seed drill 2. Improved livestock breeding to raise healthier animals 3. Better varieties of food crops Potatoes Increased food supply Healthier people Population grew 4. Enclosure movement
3. Enclosure Movement Enclosure Movement- Rich landowners fenced in property once shared by many farmers More efficient farming methods increases food supply Caused poverty, homelessness and rural depopulation Forced workers to cities or leave for America
4. Britain s Big Advantage The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain due to political and economic success. Land- Natural resources Large amounts of coal for fuel and iron for steel Deep harbors, streams, rivers and canals were used to generate power and transport goods Labor- Growing workforce because of greater food supply Enclosure movement forced farmers to look for work Capital- funds needed for investment in a business Prosperous country with skilled labor
Textile Industry- Started Industrial Revolution Weaving was a cottage industry with labor performed at home Industrialization transformed this practice 5. New Way of Making Cloth: More Supply because of More Demand Enclosure converted farms to pastures for more sheep Fabric made of wool or cotton Cotton from British colonies increased fiber supplies (1700s) Inventions Increase Production Cotton gin-eli Whitney Spinning jenny-james Hargreaves Spinning frame-richard Arkwright Flying shuttle-john Kay Power loom-edmund Cartwright
6. How did Britain s demand for cotton affect the United States? The increased need and profits of cotton created a greater need for slave labor in the United States.
7. Why did some people not like the arrival of machines? -Ended cottage industries- lost jobs -Child Labor - Coal mining disasters p. 239 The children, boys and girls, earned their wages by drawing the coals in tubs along the galleries by means of a belt and chain, which passed around their waists. Many girls were thus employed, and after a time became crooked and deformed.
8.Steam Powers the Revolution Development of Steam Engine 1 st working steam engine (1712) Innovations by James Watt Steam power versus water power Factories move away from rivers/streams Steam locomotives Steamships Robert Fulton 9.Coal for Steam Engines Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel Wood scarce Coal mining industry booms Changing landscapes mining, trains, smoke Factories settle in north near coal mines Dangers of mining
10.Industrialization Spreads Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry? Why Western Countries? Political liberty Freedom to compete capitalism Rewards reaped Exploitation and improvements America British restrictions Hamilton, 1791 Samuel Slater (Father of American Industry) Water frame Slater s Mill Lowell s Mill Europe Belgium, 1807 France, 1815 Germany, 1850 Railroads Treaties
Industry in Asia Eventually, industry spread to Asia. Japan first in 1868 Meiji government The 1900s industrialization for China India Russia