Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution Causes Agricultural Revolution ENCLOSURES Forced small farmers off land to create large farms Done to INCREASE PRODUCTION as population increased Forced small farmers to the cities Crop Rotation Rotation of crops to different fields each season produced HIGHER crop amounts
What led to the IR? Prior Learning
Industrial Revolution Causes Scientific Revolution Scientific discoveries, new machines, printing press, exploration, etc.
Why England? Large population of workers due to enclosure Abundant natural resources Water power Coal and iron ore Rivers for inland trade Many harbors for international trade Political/Economic Stability Isolated from European wars Parliamentary system successful for hundreds of years Parliament monetarily supported entrepreneurs Financially successful colonies with abundant resources
Pre-Industrial Revolution -The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread relatively quickly to other areas of the world. -One of the most significant causes of industrialization in Great Britain was the Agricultural Revolution that occurred in the early 1700 s. -During that period, large landowners in Great Britain purchased land that was owned by subsistence farmers and created larger mechanized methods for farming. They used machines, such as the seed drill to plant seeds and utilized techniques, such as crop rotation to increase agricultural outputs. -In addition to increases in plant production, there were also advancements made in production of livestock, which resulted in an increase in the size of animals.
Industrial Revolution -As a result of these improvements, farms grew and production also increased. -More and more healthy food became available, which led to an increase in the population of Great Britain. -Great Britain s economic and social structure made it possible for industrialization to grow rapidly. -It had sources of power (coal and water) to power machines, iron ore to make tools and machines, river systems to move people and goods, and excellent ports for shipping exports.
Economy -Additionally, Great Britain had a strong banking system that could be used to fund new businesses. -The country also boasted a strong and stable government, which could support the country s budding industries. -The Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry. Several new inventions help to produce cloth quickly.
Steam Locomotives -Business leaders built factories that were often powered by steam engines. -Improvements in transportation made it more efficient to ship goods and people over long distances. The British also built better roads. -By the 1820s, steam driven locomotives (trains) profoundly changed the landscape, physically, economically, and socially. -The physical changes occurred as small towns developed at railroad stops.
-Economically, businesses could move their goods to market more quickly and efficiently and new jobs in a variety of industries were created. -Socially, many people moved from the country to the cities seeking jobs in industry. -As a result the factory system flourished in Great Britain, and over time, other countries began to experience the same changes and growth and industry moved to their nations.
Social Effects -The factory system changed the way people lived and worked, which also created problems. -As cities grew due to industrialization, there were many negative effects on the population. -It was difficult to find good housing and schools and at times it was very unsafe. Cities were filthy, due to the lack of public sanitation systems, and as a result, sickness and disease was widespread. -The life span of individuals in industrialized cities dropped substantially compared to their counterparts in the countryside.
Living Conditions: Tenements
Slums of Urbanization
Child Labor
Poor Working Conditions
Factory Life -Factories were often dark with powerful machines that were extremely dangerous. The average worker spent fourteen hours a day in factories, six days a week. Workers were often killed or seriously injured in accidents. -There were also positive outcomes to industrialization. Many people were able to improve their lives in this new economy. -The middle class (skilled workers, professionals, business owners, and wealthy farmers) did well and enjoyed comfortable lives. The middle class grew over time and many people were able to become wealthier than members of the nobility.
Class Tension Rise of middle class Upper-middle classà factory owners and merchants grew wealthy and influential in politics Lower-middle classà factory foremen, skilled tradesmen, supervisors lived comfortably Many living in extreme poverty and working class begins to replace peasant class Aristocracy resents upper-middle class Being pushed out of power Workers resent upper-middle class Gap between classes getting larger