CILSS / AGRHYMET Role in The Reduction of Food Crises and Other Hydroclimatic Disasters in West Africa 1
Context Outline The Sahel droughts of the early 1970s and the Creation of CILSS Monitoring and Early Warning Risk assessment Copping strategies Partnerships 2
Introduction : The Sahel Droughts of the 1970s and 1980s A unique case by their severity and spatial extent WMO Inter-Regional Workshop on Indices and Early Warning Systems for Drought Lincoln, Nebraska, USA, 8-11 December 2009 3
Introduction : The Sahel Droughts of the 1970s and 1980s Indice annuel 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00-0.25-0.50-0.75-1.00-1.25-1.50-1.75 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 4
Introduction : The Sahel Droughts still occurring Millet field in Niger 11th August 2009 5
Introduction : The Sahel Droughts Failed millet field in Niger, September 2009 6
Introduction : The Sahel Droughts Rice field in Chad, October 2009 7
Introduction : The AGRHYMET Regional Center AGRHYMET, a Specialized Institution of CILSS (Cape Verde, Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger and Chad) Created in 1974, following the catastrophic droughts of the early 1970 s Mission : to contribute to achieving sustainable food security and rational natural resource management by : Capacity building of member States technical offices (training, equipment and financial support) producing and disseminating information to various decision makers (national authorities, cooperation partners, NGOs and farmer associations) 8
Introduction : The AGRHYMET Operating scheme Partners Data and Information Financial and Technical assistance Meteorology Animal Husbandry Hydrology Agriculture AGRHYMET Crop protection ANALYSIS DIFFUSION TRAINING Hydrology DATA COLLECTION AND STORAGE Meteorology Animal husbandry Countries Agriculture Crop protection Satellite Data Cap-Vert Extension to ECOWAS member countries Gambie Senegal G.-Bissau Sierra-Leone Mauritanie Guinee Liberia Mali Cote-d'Ivoire Burkina Ghana Togo Benin Nigeria Niger Tchad Ground Observation and Surveys Data 9
Introduction : The Monitoring & Early Warning System From May to October Seasonal rainfall and hydrological forecasts (PRESAO), Monitoring the rainfall situation Monitoring the progress of sowing and the crop water satisfaction (field data and agrometeorological models), Monitoring the pastures situation (Vegetation Indices), Crop and biomass yield forecasting (Agrometeorological models), Identifying risk zones (Synthesis of all the products), In October : Joint pre-harvest assessment missions (CILSS, FEWS NET, FAO, WFP, governments!.) Early November : Annual consultative meeting Targeting vulnerable populations. 10
2010 Seasonal Hydrological Forecast 11
Rainfall Monitoring Ground measurements très déficitaire déficitaire équivalent excédentaire très excédentaire -5000% 45% 85% 115% 165% et plus 5000% NOUAKCHOTT DAKAR BANJUL NIAMEY BISSAU BAMAKO OUAGA NDJAMENA Figure 1.5 : Comparaison en pourcents des cumuls pluviométriques saisonniers 12
Rainfall Monitoring Satellite Estimation Rainfall estimates 13
Crop monitoring and forecasting Sowing dates Crop Water Requirement Satisfaction Index Yield forecasts 14
Crops and Pastures Monitoring Vegetation indices : ICN 31 st July 2009 31 st August 2009
Crops and Pastures Monitoring Synthesis maps 2009 2010 16
Food Security Monitoring Crop pest control Rearing insects for training and laboratory test of pesticides Capacity building of national Crop protection offices 17
Flood Risk Mapping 18
Adaptation & Coping Strategies Soil / Water conservation, New Varieties / Species 19 19
Adaptation & Coping Strategies Grass seeding and tree planting on degraded land to improve pastures
Technical Partnerships National technical services Meteorology, hydrology, agric. statistics, crop protection, agric. research, etc!. Regional River Basin Authorities, ACMAD, CORAF/WECARD, International FAO, WFP, FEWSNET, USGS, IRI, CIRAD, IRD, JRC, VITO, ICRISAT Financial EU, USAID, AfDB, ECOWAS, France, Canada 21
Future Prospects Continued Data Collection Development of new products for seasonal crop monitoring Continued capacity building AGRHYMET is a bridge between technical partners and end users (national technical services and farmers). Continued involvement in various international scientific initiatives AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses) GMFS (Global Monitoring for Food Security) AMESD (African Monitoring of Environment for Sustainable Development) Extension to the other ECOWAS (countries located along the Gulf of Guinea) 22
Thank you! 23