BioLab Water Additives A Subsidiary of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Tenax Road Trafford Park Manchester M17 1WT United Kingdom Phone +(44) 161 875 3875 Fax +(44) 161 875 3175 Product Information Bellacide 350 Ref: V:\Waterfronts\b350gpi.doc September 2000 Bellacide 350 is a 50% aqueous solution of tributyl, tetradecyl phosphonium chloride. It is a broad spectrum biocide developed specifically for the control of microbiological fouling in cooling water systems. Bellacide 350 is effective in preventing the build-up of microbiological slimes and can also be used to clean heavily fouled systems. Advantages of Bellacide 350 Broad spectrum of activity Bellacide 350 has a high activity against aerobic bacteria (including legionella), anaerobic bacteria, algae and fungi. Good cleaning action The excellent biocidal activity, high surface activity and low foaming properties make Bellacide 350 particularly suitable for cleaning cooling systems which are fouled with biological slimes. Cost effectiveness Bellacide 350 is effective against most biological strains at low concentrations. Good properties in use Bellacide 350 is readily miscible with water and is not affected by the ph of the system. It is not susceptible to degradation by ultraviolet light. At normal use levels, it is compatible with other water treatment additives commonly found in cooling water systems. Physical properties The following properties are typical and do not represent specification limits. appearance clear, colourless, liquid specific gravity at 20 C 0.96 ph 7.0-8.0 boiling point 100 C freezing point -8 to -10 C viscosity 50-80 cp odour slight Solubility water methanol >50% isopropanol >50% ethylene glycol >50% completely miscible all proportions Chemical reactivity The active ingredient of Bellacide 350 is stable in neutral, alkaline and acidic solution and can be used in cooling water within the ph range 2-12. At normal levels of used, Bellacide 350 can be used with oxidising agents such as chlorine. Activity of Bellacide 350: laboratory results Bellacide 350 has high activity at low dose rates against a broad spectrum of micro-organisms. Algistatic activity The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) against 8 strains of algae are shown in table 1 (test concentrations 2, 6, and 20 ppm). Table 1 MIC of Bellacide 350 against different strains of algae Algal strain MIC value
Oscillatoria geminata DSM 1459-8 6 Nostoc spec. DSM 1453-7 2 Phormidium foveolarum DSM 1462-1 2 Chlorella vulgaris DSM 211-11a 2 Chlorella pyrenoidosa DSM 211-3m 2 Scenedesmus spec DSM 267-7 2 Ulothrix subtilissima DSM 384-1 2 Tribonema aequale DSM 880-1 2 ppm Algicidal activity The rapid algicidal effect of Bellacide 350 against the common troublesome strain Chlorella vulgaris is shown in figure 1. In this test, 6 ppm of Bellacide 350 killed this strain in 1 hour. Bleaching effect Although Bellacide 350 is not an oxidising biocide it has a bleaching effect on algae. Concentrations as low as 10 ppm of Bellacide 350 have been shown to bleach a mixed culture of the algae list in table 1 within 5 days. Bactericidal activity The excellent bactericidal activity of Bellacide 350 against a mixed culture of slime-forming aerobic bacteria is shown in figure 2. the culture used consisted of: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerongenes, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus var, mycoides, and Escherichia coli. Bellacide 350 has high activity against anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria. In tests with Desulphovibrio desulphuricans Bellacide 350 has been shown to be bactericidal at 10 ppm with a contact time of only 1 hour. Activity against fungi The MIC values of Bellacide 350 in liquid culture are shown in table 2 (test concentrations 4, 10 and 20 ppm). Table 2: MIC values of Bellacide 350 against individual strains of fungi Fungal strain MIC value ppm Aspergilus niger 10 Aspergilus phoenicis 10 Penicillium funiculosum 4 Alternaria alternata 10 Cladosportium cladosporioides 4 Candida albicans 4 Endomyces geotrichum 4 Aureobasium pullulans 4 Chaetomium globosum 4 It can be seen from table 2 that Bellacide 350 has a high activity against fungi, 10ppm being the highest concentration required to inhibit the growth of any of the strains tested.
Case History 1 Background Case History 2 Background Location Plant cooling water system in W. Europe Location United Kingdom chemical Manufacturer Volume 300 m 3 Volume 1000 m 3 Recirculation rate 420 m 3 /hr Recirculation rate 900 m 3 /hr Temperature drop 4 C over tower Cooling tower design 2 steel, induced draught Half life 10 hours Inhibitor programme Zinc, polyphosphate, polymer Temperature drop 6 C over tower Cooling tower design Wooden, twin cell forced-draught towers Half life 50 hours Inhibitor programme Zinc, polyphosphate, polymer Results application dispersant antifoam Average bacteria counts Organic content of heat exchanger deposits Live bacteria in heat exchanger deposit Original Biocide Programme two quaternary ammonium biocides dosed alternately at 30kg/week (100 ppm) 20kg/week non ionic surfactant 2-8kg/week dependant on severity of foam Bellacide 350 Bellacide 350 dosed at 8kg/week (25ppm) none none 1.2 x 10 4 /ml 6.9 x 10 2 /ml 30% 12% 10 10 10 12 bacteria/g 10 7 bacteria/g Results application Original Biocide Programme Chlorinated biphenol dosed at 25 ppm dispersant none none antifoam none none Average bacteria count Before Treatment 30 mins after treatment Average algal counts:- Before Treatment 30 mins after treatment 3.9 x 10 4 /ml 2.3 x 10 4 /ml 1.5 x 10 5 /ml 3.9 x 10 4 /ml Bellacide 350 Bellacide 350 dosed at 10ppm per week 6.5 x 10 4 /ml 1.5 x 10 3 /ml 1.3 x 10 5 /ml 3.9 x 10 3 /ml Bellacide 350 was shown to significantly reduce sytem fouling eliminating the need for monthly, manual cleaning. Overall, biocide treatment costs reduced dramatically due to the lower dose of Bellacide 350 and elimination of the requirement for suplemental dispersant and antifoam. The customer was concerned about persistent accumulation of biofilm and algal deposits. Regular application of Bellacide 350 resulted in reduced bacteria and algae counts. The operator also noted on-going clean up of the system with much reduced accumulation of organic deposits.
Properties in use Surface activity Biocides that have surface active properties can be effective in cleaning biologically fouled systems. At low concentrations, Bellacide 350 has a greater surface activity than many quaternary ammonium compounds, such as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride, which is why Bellacide 350 is more effective in removing biological slimes. Low foaming properties A major disadvantage of the use of surface active chemicals is the tendency to produce large amounts of stable foam when the water is agitated and aerated in the cooling tower. Extensive laboratory tests and field trials have shown that the use of routine treatment levels of Bellacide 350 can give small amounts of unstable foam which is quickly dissipated, whereas quaternary ammonium compounds cause major problems due to the formation of large amounts of stable foam. ph stability Bellacide 350 is stable to hydrolysis over a wide ph range and its effectiveness does not depend on the ph of the cooling water. UV stability Bellacide 350 is not degraded by light, even strong ultraviolet light. Compatibility with chlorine Bellacide 350 can be used in chlorinated waters without any adverse effect. Figure 4 shows the loss of free chlorine on mixing a solution containing 5 ppm free chlorine with one containing 10 ppm Bellacide 350. It can be seen that Bellacide 350 does not have any significant chlorine demand. In contrast, the presence of 12.5 ppm of a chlorinated bisphenol results in a rapid depletion of free chlorine levels. Compatibility with other water treatment additives Problems can arise when cationic chemicals such as quaternary ammonium compounds are used in cooling water systems, as these products are often incompatible with anionic chemicals, such as polyacrylates, polymaleates and phosphonates, that are used in many water treatment formulations (scale and corrosion inhibitors for example). Laboratory tests have shown that at the concentrations normally used most of the anionic water treatment products are compatible with Bellacide 350 and there is no loss of activity of either the inhibitor or Bellacide 350. Bellacide 350 in combination with other biocides Bellacide 350 in an aqueous solution and is readily miscible with many other types of biocide. Because Bellacide 350 has a high surface activity and broad spectrum of activity it can be used in conjunction with other traditional biocides to enhance their overall effectiveness. Recommended dose rates The amounts of Bellacide 350 required to clean a cooling system and control biological growth will depend of several factors, the most important of which is the amount of biological fouling already present. However, the following rate of addition should be used as a general guideline. to clean a fouled system 20-60 ppm Bellacide 350 twice a week routine treatment of a 10-30 ppm Bellacide 350 clean system twice a week The actual rates of addition should be based on the volume of water in the system. Determination of Bellacide 350 A simple volumetric method is available for the determination of Bellacide 350 in industrial cooling waters. Details of the test procedure can be downloaded from www.wateradditives.com.
Patents BioLab, Inc. owns or is licensee of patents and patent applications which may cover the products and/or uses described in this brochure. The following are trademarks of BioLab, Inc.:- Bellacide, BioLab Logo, Waterfront Logo Registered US Patent and Trademark Office 2000 BioLab, Inc. All rights reserved. BioLab Water Additives BioLab Water Additives Tenax Road, Trafford Park PO Box 1489 Manchester Decatur M17 1WT GA30031-1489 United Kingdom USA Telephone (44) 161 875 3875 Telephone (1) 404 378 8585/800 600 4523 Fax (44) 161 875 3175 Fax (1) 404 370 7485 Telex 666177 Visit our Website on www.wateradditives.com
BioLab Water Additives A Subsidiary of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Tenax Road Trafford Park Manchester M17 1WT United Kingdom Phone +(44) 161 875 3875 Fax +(44) 161 875 3175 Product Information Bellacide 350 multifunctional biocide Ref: b350overview.doc January 2000 Performance overview Bellacide 350 is a 50% aqueous solution of tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride and is a broad spectrum biocide that is effective against bacteria, algae and fungi. Bellacide 350 is a high performance product and works rapidly once applied to a system. Bellacide 350 is a multifunctional biocide that: Both rapidly kills and inhibits a broad range of microorganisms and molluscs Penetrates and removes biofilm and organic debris from surfaces Increases biocidal performance in combination with other biocides. Potential combinations Bellacide 350 has a high surface activity and a broad spectrum of activity and can therefore be used in combination with traditional biocides to enhance their overall effectiveness. The following combinations are possible: Bellacide 350/halogen: the properties of Bellacide 350 described above make this combination particularly advantageous. Bellacide 350/isothiazolones: this combination is effective in killing microbiological matter quickly, while still retaining the long-term inhibiting properties of isothiazolones. Bellacide 350/quaternary ammonium compounds: Bellacide 350 gives superior fungal control and better cleaning activity than quaternary ammonium compounds together with a reduced foaming tendency. A combination of the two products can provide improved cost effectiveness. Features Benefits Fast killing biocide Excellent for short half life cooling water systems or for industrial and institutional cleaning, also effective in longer half life cooling water systems Excellent ph stability Can be used across a wide range of ph from 5 to 12 Not deactivated by organic matter Bellacide 350 works as a broad spectrum biocide even under conditions of high organic loading in both cooling systems and industrial and institutional cleaning applications Surface activity Bellacide 350 has a visible bleaching effect against a mixed culture of algae and is highly effective at removing bacterial slimes from surfaces. No foaming problems are encountered in cooling water systems and in detergency applications below 25 mg/l of product. Bellacide 350 also has corrosion inhibition properties under certain conditions Effective against gram positive bacteria, yeast and mold Can be combined without problems with quaternary ammonium compounds, biguanide and bronopol to broaden their spectrum of activity and increase biofilm penetration ability Compatibility with other additives Unlike many quaternary ammonium compounds, Bellacide 350 is compatible with most of the commonly used polyanions like polyacrylates and polymaleates under normal dosing conditions (less than 100 mg/l)* *If Bellacide 350 is shock dosed to a cooling system, the product should be added slowly to prevent precipitation with polyanions due to the high localised concentration.
Comparison of Bellacide 350 against fungi (MIC values in mg/l active ingredient) Fungal strain Culture type Bellacide 350 Bronopol Isothiazolones Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642 5 >100 9 Penicillum funiculsum IMB 11401 2 >100 5 Candida albicans ATCC 752 2 >100 5 Trichoderma viridea ATCC 9645 10 >100 12 Comparison of Bellacide 350 against bacteria (MIC values in mg/l active ingredient) The MIC against six strains of bacteria in different media, were evaluated for Bellacide 350, Bronopol and Isothiazolones Strain Culture type Time (days) Bellacide 350 Bronopol Isothiazolones Pseudomonas putida DSM 291 1 3 3 1 Corynebacterium sp DSM 20145 1 1 3 1 Streptococcus faecium DSM 2146 1 1 10 1 Nocardia sp DSM 43130 1 1 3 1 Lactobacillus lactis DSM 20072 2 3 1 10 Surface disinfection against fungi on natural wood Tested micro-organisms: Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533. Flat wooden slats of beech wood veneer were used as the germ carrier. % Bellacide 350 (product) Action time (minutes) 15 30 60 120 240 C. albicans (7.8 x 10 8 ) 2.0 ++ - - - - 1.0 ++ + - - - 0.5 ++ ++ + + - 0.25 ++ ++ ++ ++ + T. mentagrophytes (7.8 x 10 8 ) 2.0 + - - - - 1.0 + + + - - 0.5 + + + - - 0.25 + + + + + Key - no growth + growth of individual colonies ++ marked growth (more than 10 colonies)
BioLab Water Additives is the licensee of patents and patent applications which may cover the products and/or uses described in this brochure. The following are trademarks of BioLab, Inc.:- Bellacide, BioLab Logo, Waterfront Logo Registered US Patent and Trademark Office 1999 BioLab, Inc. All rights reserved. BioLab Water Additives BioLab Water Additives Tenax Road, Trafford Park PO Box 1489 Manchester Decatur M17 1WT GA30031-1489 United Kingdom USA Telephone (44) 161 875 3875 Telephone (1) 404 378 8585/800 600 4523 Fax (44) 161 875 3175 Fax (1) 404 370 7485 Telex 666177 Visit our Website on www.wateradditives.com