Technology: An Indian Scenario Nitu Goel, TERI, India Presented at the workshop on A Way Forward: Canadian and International Perspectives on Post-2012 Climate Policy 3 rd 4 th March,Ottawa, Canada
Energy Programmes and policies in India Promotion of policies and programmes that are sustainable in nature Improving energy efficiency Promoting renewable energy Power sector reforms Promotion of clean coal technologies Cleaner and lesser carbon intensive fuel for transport Promotion of biomass, solar and energy efficiency based initiatives that can be taken up
Steps taken. Introduction of energy efficient norms for construction purposes ECBC code-not mandatory of current Promotion of CFLs Promotion of MRTS Launch of metro in other big cities and movement to HCBCs for encouraging public transportation India one of the largest producer of wind energy in the world National mission on bio diesel Significant reduction in specific energy intensities in cement, ammonia, and other industries R&D efforts for advanced power generation technologies, coal bed methane, energy efficiency, transport
Policy Impact on Technology Penetration The Electricity Act 2003 has provided a major push for RE (renewable energy) technologies. Section 86 of the Electricity Act 2003 pertaining to functions of state commissions, provides for promotion of electricity generation through RE sources of energy Has resulted in a very high growth in the wind power sector in India. Installed capacity has grown from about 2400 MW (megawatt) in 2003/04 to 5000 MW currently.
Cont.. Natural Gas: Government has formulated a CBM policy to attract technology and investment for E&P (exploration and production) of CBM from coal-producing areas. 16 explorations blocks for CBM have been awarded by The MoPNG (Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas) to national oil companies and private companies, and exploration work in all these blocks is in progress Industries: For reducing CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions, as also saving energy in industries like cement and steel, a model project was initiated by the Government of Japan, through NEDO (New Energy and industrial technology Development Organization).The project has been successfully implemented in the Vishnupuram Cement Plant in Andhra Pradesh. It involves utilization of waste gas heat.
MNRES Initiatives Supports the implementation of a broad-spectrum programme covering the entire range of new and renewable energies. reach renewable energy electricity to remote rural areas for a variety of decentralized applications; develop improved cook stoves and biogas plants; and recover energy from the urban, municipal, and industrial wastes. Financing arm IREDA (Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd) and other institutions developing market linkages and promoting commercialization since the 1990s by involving the private sector
Technology: Mitigation and adaptation WBREDA along with MNRES implementing the project To meet the electricity need of islands of sunderbans A Master Plan drawn by WBREDA in association with TERI for extending this initiative to other islands, and adding about 35 renewable-based decentralized power plants providing electricity to about 11 200 households Women entrepreneurs Creating Livelihood opportunities Link it to carbon market
Potential and comulative achievement Source: MNES-2005
Adaptation technologies Adaptation technologies can broadly classified as: Structural options Non-structural options Structural interventions hard interventions e.g. building dykes or seawalls; soft interventions e.g. planting of mangroves, etc. Non-structural approaches Regulatory mechanisms - India s fiscal expenditures on programs directly related to adaptation to climate variability was 2.63% of GDP in 2006-07 Institutional mechanisms e.g. cyclone early warning systems
Technologies for adaptation Technology is key! (e.g. drought resistant crops and forestry varieties, vector control, water conservation techniques, etc.) In the agriculture sector, TIFAC (Technology Information, Forecasting, and Assessment Council), has commissioned a set of technology demonstration projects under different agro-climatic conditions and soil-crop combinations. Fly ash-based treatments, in combination with organic sources, showed better yields than non-fly ash-based treatments; groundnut yield increased significantly as a residual effect of application of fly ash to the preceding rice crop
Barriers for large scale implementation and diffusion of ESTs Lack of infrastructure availability Limitations with regard to financial investment Extensive research and development initiatives required to provide adaptability of technology in the host country difficult for developing countries to provide Reservation from developed countries in sharing information on account of possible market competition from the developing countries, including Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) In addition will require - Technology transfer & finance to be triggered
Other approaches Flexibility mechanisms to be used to its fullest potential Fostering bilateral/ multilateral partnerships to foster action, apart from the legally binding commitments under the FCCC Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate to accelerate the development and deployment of clean energy technologies Consortium of 7 countries including US, Japan, Canada, China, India, Korea and Australia
Thank you nitug@teri.res.in