Iran, the Challenges in an Arid Land Introduction: Due to increase in population (water demand) and climate changes which has led to shortage of water in Iran, we cannot rely on the available natural water resources any more. Therefore the new National Policy of the Government is to supply, industrial, and potable water in the coastal areas such as Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Southern coastal areas, Persian Gulf Islands and also Northern coast of Caspian Sea by sea water desalination and in other areas, supply the shortage by water reuse.
Iran, the Challenges in an Arid Land Water Stress in IRAN Population 80 Million. Ranking First Global Gas reserves. Precipitation 250 mm/year Renewable Water Resources reduced from 130 billion m3/year to 120 billion m3/year in recent years. 80% water resources are consumed every year, International standards recommends not exceed 40% Negative Balance in Groundwater Resources Average negative balance for groundwater resources is 4.9 billion m3
Iran, the Challenges and Opportunities in an Arid Land Water shortages in most areas of Iran Large & young population segment: Well educated In need of employment and job Require essential living standards Increasing to 100 million by 2025 (from the current 80 million) Looking for best areas for new job opportunities Large Oil and Gas Reserves Enormous opportunities in southern coastal areas of Iran (Plentiful land, water resources, natural gas)
Iran Oil and Gas Reserves Ranking First Global Gas reserves. 85% 15% Ranking 3rd Global Oil reserves. 89% 11%
Corridor of Energy, Corridor of Development and Water Demand Petrochemical Special Economic Zone Pars Special Economic Energy Zone Parsian Special Economic Energy Zone Lavan Petrochemical Qeshm Island Free Zone Jaask Free Zone Mokran Petrochemicals
General policies to challenge the water stress as following: The total water supply projects planned or under tender is estimated at more than3.5 million m 3 per day as per below distribution: One million m 3/day for the 100 kilometer deep strip along Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman (energy-intensive industries, petrochemical, oil & gas projects) One million m 3/day for steel industries and iron ore mines (Gol Gohar, Sirjan & Chador Maloo projects), transferring up to 500 kilometers from Persian Gulf. One million m 3/day for industrial and potable water (South east areas, Sistan & Baluchestan Province) from the Sea of Oman. Water Supply from Caspian Sea to Northern provinces, estimated 200,000 m3/day. 500,000 m 3/day for southern and central provinces for potable and industrial use from Persian Gulf.
Energy-intensive industries in Iran up to 2030 Water Demand Industries Steel Country s Target Goal in 2030 Mil T/Y 46 Current Production Capacity in 2016 Mil T/Y 17 Development Plans until 2030 Mil T/Y 29 Water Demand Mil M³/Y 203 Water Demand M³/Day 556.000 Petrochemicals 150 60 90 39 108.000 Cement Aluminum Alumina Power Total 120 2 4 100,000 MW 80 300,000 Tons 200,000 Tons 65,000 MW 40 1.7 3.8 35,000 MW 68 NA 15.2 17.6 342.8 Mil M³/Y 186.000-42.000 48.000 940.000 M³/Day
Water demand for Parsian Site in Different Time Periods Description Unit 2020 2025 2030 2035 Petrochemical Soroush m 3 /day 54,000 54,000 54,000 54,000 Energy Paydar Petrochemical Soroush m 3 /day -------- 82,000 82,000 82,000 Energy Paydar Petrochemical Mahtab m 3 /day 20,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 Parsian Petrochemical (other) m 3 /day 22,000 377,000 449,000 449,000 Steel m 3 /day -------- 26, 000 30,000 65, 000 Aluminum m 3 /day ---------- 4, 000 4, 000 9,000 Alumina m 3 /day --------- ----------- ----------- 26,000 Down Stream Industries m 3 /day 1,000 2,000 2,000 2, 000 Green Spaces m 3 /day ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- Power Plant m 3 /day 1,000 8,000 12, 000 13,000 Total m 3 /day 98,000 613,000 693,000 760,000
New Towns for New Population on Persian Coastal Areas Caspian Sea شهرک خلیج فارس عالیشهر علوی تابناک سیراف پارس تیس جاسک کوشک More than 10 Million inhabitants will be settled in Coastal New Towns Persian Gulf
Main Water Desalination Projects Under Construction There are currently 3 plans for construction of desalination systems for Drinking and industrial consumptions. They include: 1- Desalination and transmission of 110 MCM/year of water (in first phase) from the Persian Gulf and its transmission for approximately 300 km to the provinces of Kerman, Yazd and Hormozgan. 200MCM/year 2- Desalination of 220 MCM/year of water from Oman Sea for consumptions in the north of Sistan and Baluchistan, south of Khorassan and parts of Kerman. 110 MCM/year 220 MCM/year 3- Desalination of 200 MCM/year of water from Caspian Sea for consumptions in Semnan and Tehran
Total Desalination under operation, under construction, tendered and planned up to 2025 m 3/Day 600,000 Under Operation 2,500,000 1,000,000 Under Construction or Tender Planned up to 2025
Tapping into Private Sector All Water Desalination projects in Ministry of Energy : on BOO or BOT Ministry Oil : BOT, BOO or EPCF Other Industries : BOO or BOT
The trend of private participation in water and wastewater sector Complete reliance on public resources Complete reliance on private resources 1,460 (Euros million) 1,840 Euros million) 230 Euros million) 800 Euros million) 750 Euros million) Loans from MDB Financing Bonds BOO & BOT Buyback Total Euros 1.55 billion have been invested in the sector
The ongoing BOO project in water and wastewater sector Desalination plants 64 projects with a production capacity of over 373,000 m 3 /day Over Euros 374 million in private investment Construction of heavy metal removal systems 1 contract at a capital cost of Euros 374 million Self relying heavy metal removal and desalination plants 5 contracts at a capital cost of Euros 7.5 million
Significant Investment Projects for water desalination Persian Gulf Special Economic Zone Negin Mokran Petrochemical Complex Jaask Energy Free Zone Lamerd Energy-intensive Industries Special Economic Zone Parsian Energy-intensive Industries Special Economic Zone Pars Special Economic Energy Zone Petrochemical Special Economic Zone Lavan Island Special Economic Zone
New tender for Water Desalination 2018 Parsian Special Energy Intensive Industrial Economic Zone ( PEISEZ) Total capacity of installations: 750,000 m 3 /day Commercial operation period: 30 years Project is based on: BOO Price: based on m 3 produced water and a sliding fee financial model Technology : Sea Water Desalination Timetable of Installation Planned Schedule Capacity of Desalination Plants Total Capacity Installed (m 3 /day) 2019 25,000 2021 50,000 2026 250,000 2031 750,000
Parsian and Lamerd Energy intensive Industries Special Economic Zone
Petrochemical Special Economic Zone Functions: Petrochemical industries,infrastructure network, ports, utility center.
Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (Assalouyeh, Bushehr Province) ½ of 15% of the Total Global Gas Reserves Functions: Gas refineries and petrochemical plants, utilities,airport, ports, desalination plant, power plant, Area: 26,000 Hectares
Biological Challenges Red Tide: an important periodical threat in Persian Gulf Poor biological conditions due to "Red Tide" issues that are prevalent in shallow sea water in recent years. So Integrated Utility and applying Hybrid system of Thermal and Reverse Osmosis is highly recommended.
Integrated Utilities & Hybrid Systems Large reserves of Gas and Oil enables the Country to make Electric Power Hubs on Persian Gulf Coast Ribs Co-generation of Water and Power, Applying the waste heat of power plant, HRSG Hybrid system of Thermal desalination and SWRO Easier chemical adjustment of produced water Reduction of brine temperature regarding environmental constraints The hybrid system will also assist in flexibility of operation and Production capacity
Hybrid System on Integrated Utility of Water and Power Schematic Diagram of Hybrid System
Waste Water management challenges in IRAN Contamination of water resources due to lag in implementation of wastewater infrastructures. We need about USD 15 billion for wastewater infrastructures. Already, 45% of Urban areas and less than 2% of Rural areas are covered by modern sewage networks.
Thank You kiaeimb@rahshahr.com The 1st Known Water Treatment Plant at Chogha Zanbil (southern Iran) 1200 B.C.