SUFIG-Wilkom: A GIS-Based User Friendly System for Land Sutability Assessment of Foodcrops in South Sulawesi, Indonesia Sumbangan Baja 1, Samsu Arif 2, Risma Neswati 1 1 Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar; Phone (+Fax) +62-411- 587076 (corresponding author, email: sbja02@yahoo.com.au) 2 Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Phone +62-411 586016, Fax +62-411 586588, email: samsu_arif@yahoo.co.id This study is financed by The Ministry of Research and Technology, and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia. 2016 Paper Presented at GEOSPATIAL WORLD FORUM, 23-26 May 2016, Beurs-World Trade Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Introduction Agriculture is the main development sector in Indonesia (population: 252 M world s 4 th largest) 65% of popuation depends on agriculture GDP 2015: Agriculture 15%, Industry, 45%, and Services 38% The country gained food-self sufficiency in 1984, but then agriculture sector faced problems in land productivity. Current government (2014-2019) has put a national strategic program on food-self sufficiency - to be implemented at regional and local levels. Food-self sufficiency was targetted to occure in 2017. In 2015/2016, the government has prioritized massive development of three main commodities: rice, maize, and soybean.
Total Production (M ton) Introduction 69.27 M ton 18.84 M ton Indonesia s total production of rice, maize, and soybean over the last 30 years (in M ton) 0.85 M ton Year Production target for National Self-Sufficiency Program 2015/2016 : Rice 73 M ton (d = 3.73 M ton) Maize 20 M ton (d = 1.16 M ton) Soybean 1,2 M ton (d = 0.35 M ton)
Introduction Government s Strategy: 1. Rehabilitation of agriculture infrastructures (irrigation, farm road, energy, etc) 2. Increasing land productivity, through intensification (optimal use of agricultural technology) 3. Increasing harvested area through opening new potential land areas SUFIG-Wilkom: Bahasa Indonesia: Sistem User Friendly Informasi Geospasial Pewilayahan Komoditas (A Geospatial Information User Friendly System for Commodity Zoning)
Q User-Friendly: creating a very simple way for answering the following question: Where are the best land areas for cultivating foodcrops? Locational/spatial decision
Project Aims The primary aim of this project is to develop a user friendly system for assessing land suitability for agricultural development using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). To help local government in the selection of the best land areas for foodcrops at a village level. To identify limiting factors for achieving optimum production of foodcrops.
Study Region Sulawesi Island Indonesia s Archipellago consists of about 13,300 islands Sulawesi (Celebes) Island is one of the five big islands in Indonesia Sulawesi Island has 6 provinces (from total of 34 province in Indonesia) South Sulawesi is the biggest (6 million ha), with 7.5 million population Celebes Island
Study Region Sulawesi Island Jeneponto Regency, located about 90 km southwest of Makassar, the capital of South Sulawesi Province. This regency consists of eleven sub-districts, with a total area of approx 79.000 ha. This region is recognised as one of the areas with the driest climate regimes in South Sulawesi (rainfall 500 to 1,500 mm per year. Due to a lack of water availability, the predominant land use in this area is dry land agriculture, with the main crops are maize and rainfed rice. Maize (local variety) has long been recognized as the main commodity in this region.
Project Components 1. Soil Survey & Data Collection System Validation Soil Survey & Data Collection Data sources: (i) digital topographic map; (ii) soil characteristics (survey); (ii) climate data; (iii) LANDSAT imagery; (iv) other spatial data. The main reference for soil data layers is land systems map developed by Regional Physical Planning Project for Transmigration (RePPProT, 1988) at a reconnaissance scale. GIS-Based Syst Devt Land Suitability Evaluation At this stage, 90 sites were selected for soil sampling; 20 were in form of soil profile Soil Profile
Bili-Bili DAM Takalar Bantaeng Jeneponto Landsat ETM+ 2014: South Sulawesi
Land Systems
Soil Profiles
Project Components 2. Land Suitability Evaluation System Validation GIS-Based Syst Devt Soil Survey & Data Collection Land Suitability Evaluation Land suitability classification was undertaken based on the FAO s framework for land evaluation (FAO, 1976). Classification is based on the goodness or appropriateness of soil characteristics for foodcrop cultivation Classification is devided into the following Class: Highly Suitable (S1), Moderately Suitable (S2), Marginally Suitable (S3), and Not Suitable (N) Sub-Class is indicated by the type and level or degree of limitations in each division. For example, land unit having a limiting factor of rooting condition at a marginal level is indicated by a Subclass S3rc.
System Development Procedure: Land Suitability Classification Crops Land? (Needs) Crop Requirements Land Characteristics Decision criteria Assessment Techniques Feed Back S1: Highly Suitable S2: Moderately Suitable S3: Marginally Suitable N: Not Suitable Decisions: Degree of Suitability For S3 having a limiting factor of rooting condition: S3rc.
Land Suitability Map Maize (Zea maize) S2 S3 N
Project Components 3. GIS-Based System Development Visual Basic programming tools Menu & tool bar: Base_Map Thematic_Map Land_Characteristics: System Validation GIS-Based Syst Devt Soil Survey & Data Collection Land Suitability Evaluation Soil_Characteristics Sampling_Sites Profile_Description Laboratory_Analysis Others Commodities: Food_Crops Horticulture_Crops Plantation _Crops Grazing Spatial Planning Regulations irrigated rice, rainfed rice, maize, soybeans, peanuts, green beans, cassava and sweet potato. Economic_Analysis Spatial_Analysis
Yield (ton/ha) Project Components 4. System Validation Validation using crop yields Harvest the crops (maize) with farmers 20 locations (first stage), recorded in GPS Grid for harvest 2.5 x 2.5 sq m Yield data were converted in ha Analysis to see correlation between land suitability class and crop yields (ton/ha) 5 y = 0.05x + 4.0333 4 3 N S3 S2 S1 0 1 2 3 4 Land Suitability Class (N=1, S3=2, S2=3, S1=4)
Program Overview >>
Concluding Remarks Next steps: Soil survey and crop production measurement for system validation SUFIG-Wilkom will be constructed in Web-GIS format (GIS and SUFIG-Wilkom) training will be done to local government officers for continuing updating of the system.
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