Estimation Energy and Engineering
THIS LECTURE CONTAINS BRIEF AMOUNTS OF FORMULAS AND MATH IF YOU FEEL NAUSEA OR LIGHTHEADEDNESS PLEASE LOOK AWAY
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement cement is just the binder material concrete is a mix of cement and aggregate
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon silicone is a manmade rubber-like polymer silicon is an element that makes up sand and is used to make semiconductor wafers
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor engines produce kinetic energy from a fuel source electric motors convert electricity into mechanical motion
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer a nut is a threaded fastener used with a bolt a washer is a ring with a hole used for distributing a load and sometimes spacing
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw requires a through hole or a tapped hole bolts are externally threaded fasteners designed for insertion through holes tightened a nut. requires a pilot hole screws are shafts, typically tapered, with a helical groove or thread formed on its surface
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap inexpensive means relatively low cost for the product cheap includes a low quality connotation
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap metal vs. steel there are many metals which are basic elements steel is a metal alloy of iron and carbon
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap metal vs. steel tap vs. die a tap is a tool used to put threads into a hole a die is a tool used to put threads onto a shaft
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap metal vs. steel tap vs. die milling and turning milling is like drilling but can cut in the sideways directions too turning is machining cylindrical parts on a lathe
Popular Mistakes Game! concrete vs. cement silicone vs. silicon engine vs. motor nut vs. washer bolt vs. screw inexpensive vs. cheap metal vs. steel tap vs. die milling and turning chamfer vs. fillet vs. round fillet is the rounding of an interior edge chamfer is a beveled edge connecting two surfaces round is the rounding of an exterior edge
Energy a measure of the potential for change never created or destroyed converted between different forms! -Smil
equations to convert between different forms! Energy work F d F=force d=distance T ø T = torque o=angle of rotation kinetic potential 1 /2 m v 2 m=mass v=speed 1 /2 I w 2 m g h 1 /2 k x 2 m=mass g=gravity h=height I = moment of inertia w=angular velocity k=spring constant, x=distance pressure P V P=pressure V=volume thermal m Cp T m= mass, T=temp change Cp H 2 0 = 1 Calorie or 4.184 J /g ºC
Joules... Calories... kwh... kg m 2 /s 2 Units of Energy? 10 kg, 1 m per day AA Cell 1.5 ton car 1 Gallon sunflower seed D Cell 100 J 1KJ 10 KJ 100 KJ 1 MJ 10 MJ 100 MJ KJ = Thousand J MJ= Million J
Here in the USA, how do we produce Energy for Electricity? gas 19% petroleum 3% other 2% nuclear 19% hydro 6% 30 MJ / kg.05$ / kg coal 50% aei annual energy review 2005 10 MJ
Power Rate Amount of Work or Energy Transfer per unit time Units of Watts or J/s
Power Equations equations for energy divided by time mechanical fluids electrical F v (force x velocity) P V (pressure x volume flow) VI (voltage x current)
Power Range (ers) sinks MIT Building 39 1 W 100W 1 KW 10 KW 100 KW 1 MW 10 MW TOYS KW = Thousand W MW= Million W
Toaster Power! 1 kw x 100 seconds =100 KJ
Power Range (ers) sources nuclear person output insolation per m 2 1 W 100W 1 KW 10 KW 100 KW 1 MW 10 MW KW = Thousand W MW= Million W
the Grid! combust turbine generator chemical thermal mechanical electrical energy energy energy energy
the Grid! is 30-40% efficient! Alternating Current (AC) 50 or 60 Hz ~120 or 240 Volts Home Circuit Breakers 15A, 20A, or 30A 30 MJ / kg 3
Batteries cells vs. batteries Primary (Alkaline) and Secondary (Lithium ion) Alkaline Lithium Ion voltage specific energy 1.5 V 4 V ~500 kj/kg cost 1x 45x
Helpful Conversions weight: 1 kg ~ 2 lbs weight: 1 ton ~ 1000 kg length: speed: 1m ~ 3 ft 1m/s ~ 2 mph rotational speed: 1 rad/s ~ 10 rpm volume: 1 m 3 ~ 250 Gal pressure: 1 psi ~ 7000 Pa (N/m 2 ) power: 1 hp ~ 750 W
Estimation Example! Can 500 seagulls lift James peach? how much does the peach weigh? peach volume ~ sphere = 4/3*pi*radius^3 peach radius ~ 4 james 1 james ~ 1 meter peach volume ~ 256 m3 james density of peach ~ density of water ~ 1000 kg/m3 weight of peach ~ 256,000 kg ~ 250,000 kg ~500,000 lbs 500,000 lbs / 500 seagulls = 1000 lbs per seagull
Estimation Game What is the cost per piece of popcorn at the movie theatre (any size bucket)? Based on estimated use, how much should the battery pack weigh in Tooth Tunes (it s not rechargeable)? Can you power a mechanical bull in your house on a standard 120V wall outlet? How long will it take to heat a hot dog with a traditional Easy Bake Oven?
Logistics and Extras IP in Classes Our/The Idea vs. My Idea Meeting in the Shop Wednesday and Lectures next week At least one functioning sketch model for the beginning of lab Play Testing Friday after sketch model review
QUESTIONS?