CE 2451 - ENGINEERING ECONOMICS AND COST ANALYSIS UNIT 1 PART - A 1 Define economics. 2 Define managerial economics. 3 Define wealth. 4 Define utility 5 Define value 6 Explain any two natures of economics. 7 Explain any two natures of managerial economics. 8 What are the four factors of production? 9 Write any four peculiarities of land. 10 Write any four peculiarities of labour. 11 Write any four disadvantages of economies of small scale. 12 Mention any four advantages of economics of small scale 13 Explain diminishing marginal utility with an example. 14 Write any four features or characteristics of human wants 15 Write any four types of goods 16 List the main areas of application of managerial economics. 17 Give example for wealth and wants. 18 Classify : Wants 19 What are positive economics and normative economics? 20 Differentiate micro and macro economics. PART B 1. Explain the factors of production with its peculiarities. 2. Explain the internal and external economies of large scale. 3. Bring out the similarities and differences between the economic and technical decisions. 4. Explain the nature and scope of managerial economics. 5. Give a detailed note on Goods, Value, Utility and Wealth. 6. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of small scale production. (8) 7. Explain how managerial economics helps in solving managerial problems. 8. Explain the following (i) Micro economics (ii) Macroeconomics (iii) Normative economics (iv) Positive economics.
9. Explain the nature and scope of economics. 10. Explain the law of diminishing marginal utility. UNIT 2 PART A 1 What do you mean by supply curve? 2 Define demand 3 Write the law of demand 4 Write the law of supply. 5 Define elasticity of demand 6 What are the methods used to measure the elasticity of demand? 7 Write any four reasons for change in supply. 8 What are the Factors influencing supply 9 How is elasticity of demand used for forecasting? 10 Differentiate monopoly and monopolistic competition. 11 What are the assumptions of law of demand? 12 What are the factors which affect the price elasticity of demand for a commodity? 13 State the assumption of the law of supply. 14 Give any three factors affecting elasticity of supply. 15 Define market demand. 16 Why does the demand curve slope downwards to the right? 17 Define cross elasticity of demand. 18 Name the factors influencing demand. 19 What is demand schedule? 20 What is market price and normal price? PART B 1. Discuss the factors determining demand. 2. Describe the different types of elasticity of demand. 3. Explain in detail the elasticity of supply. 4. Bring out the differences between normal and market prices. 5. What are the exceptions to law of demand? 6. Enumerate the factors influencing the elasticity of demand.
7. Explain the factors governing elasticity of demand. How will you measure elasticity of demand? Illustrate how you interpret the different types of elasticity. 8. Explain how supply and demand determine the equilibrium price. What happens if supply curve shifts to the left? Write the factors affecting elasticity of supply. 9. Explain in detail the assumptions and price determination in perfect competition. 10. Elaborate the features of monopoly and monopolistic competition. UNIT3 PART A 1. What are the different forms of organisation or business? 2. Define the term Open Market Operation. 3. Distinguish between CRR and SRR. 4. What is meant by Bad debts? 5. Define Partnership. 6. Give any 4 examples for public sector undertaking. 7. What do you mean by mixed economy or public private partnership? 8. What are the advantages of sole proprietorship? 9. What are the main functions of a commercial bank? 10. What is meant by monetary policy? 11. Give a short note on RBI. 12. Define company. 13. Give any 4 examples for Foreign Banks. 14. State the advantages and disadvantages of cooperative organisation. 15. What are the features of commercial banks? 16. What are the features of proprietorship concern? 17. List the functions of Central bank. 18. What do you mean by credit instrument? 19. Differentiate partnership and Joint Stock Company. 20. What do you mean by state enterprise?
PART B 1. Discuss the functions of the central bank. (RBI) 2. What are the different types of banks? 3. (i) Explain the features of joint stock company. (ii) Enumerate the limits of credit creation. 4. State and explain the function and services of commercial in India. Explain about mixed economy. 5. Explain the different forms of organisation. 6. Explain the various types of credit instruments. 7. Explain the monetary policy of India? 8. Discuss the features of Cooperative Organisation. List the advantages and disadvantages. 9. Explain the features of Partnership Organisation. List the advantages and disadvantages. 10. Explain in detail about credit control in India. 1. What do you mean by debentures? 2. Define Balance sheet? 3. Explain fund flow statement. 4. Explain bad debts. 5. What do you mean Bank O/D? 6. Write any two sources and uses of fund flow statement 7. Write any two international funding agencies 8. Explain internal source of finance with an example 9. What do you understand by ECB? 10. What are the sources of finance available internally? 11. Write the sources of long term and short term finance. 12. What are the objectives of funds flow statement? 13. What do you mean by current assets and current liabilities 14. What do you understand by drawings? 15. What do you mean by retained earnings? 16. Write a short note on profit and loss account. 17. Explain the terms fixed assets, current assets. 18. What do you mean by depreciation? 19. What is a fund from operation (FFO)? 20. What do you mean by changes in working capital? UNIT 4 PART A
PART B 1. Write the format of final accounts 2. Following are the data of HYZ Ltd. as on 31/3/2012, prepare final accounts: Taxes and 2,240 Purchases 1,26,440 Insurance Plant and 50,000 Stock (1.4.2011) 50,000 Machinery Creditors 15,840 Loan 20,000 Wages 13,560 Motor Lorry 6,500 Bad debts 784 Power 4,600 Land and Buildings 27,680 Capital a/c 1,58,800 Telephone Charges 2,000 Repairs and 2,400 Replacements Salaries 5,726 Drawings 12,600 Advertisement 7,600 Discount received 4,800 Debtors 16,000 Furniture 4,000 Rent received 1,146 Coal 13,436 Sales 1,50,000 Cash at Bank 4,000 Cash in hand 1,020 The value of stock on 31/3/2012 was Rs.60, 000. 3. Write the format of Fund Flow Statement (Schedule of changes in working capital, Funds from operation and Fund flow statement) 4. Explain in detail the short term and long term sources of finance. 5. The following balances were extracted from the books of Prasad on 31 st March 1994. Details Rs. Details Rs. Capital 50,000 Creditors 5,000 Drawings 4,000 Bad debts 1100 General Expenses 5,000 Loan 15760 Buildings 22,000 Sales 130720 Machinery 18,680 Purchases 94000 Stock 32,400 Motor Car 4000 Power 4,480 Short term borrowings 1800 Taxes & Insurance 2630 Commission received 2640
Wages 14400 Car Expenses 3600 Debtors 12560 Bills Payable 6700 Bank Overdraft 6600 Cash 160 Postage 210 Stock on 31 st March 1994 was valued at Rs.47, 000. Outstanding wages Rs.600. Create a depreciation of 10% on buildings. Prepare the final Accounts for the year ended on 31 st March 1994. 6. The following is the trial balance of XYZ Ltd as on 30 th June 2009. PARTICULARS DEBIT CREDIT Capital -- 1,86,000 Drawings 15,735 -- Stock on 1.07.08 17,280 -- Sundry creditors -- 18,900 Sundry debtors 43,500 -- Machinery 60,000 -- Patents 22,500 -- Freehold Land 30,000 -- Buildings 96,000 -- Sales -- 2,96,340 Purchases 1,22,025 -- Sales returns 2,040 -- Purchase returns -- 1,500 Cash at bank 7,890 -- Cash in hand 1,620 -- Insurance 1,800 -- General expenses 9,000 -- Salaries 45,000 -- Wages 25,440 -- Factory fuel 14,190 -- Carriage on Purchase 6,120 -- Carriage on Sales 9,600 -- Rent -- 27,000 TOTAL 5,29,740 5,29,740 The following adjustments are to be effected:- 1. Stock on 30 th June 2009 Rs. 20,400.
2. Create a provision of 5% on Sundry debtors. 3. Salaries for the month of June 2009 amounting to Rs. 4,500 were unpaid. 4. Rent Rs. 3,000 is accrued but not received. 5. Depreciate machinery @ 10% and Patents @20%. You are required to prepare Trading and Profit and loss account and balance sheet as on 30.06.2014 7. Calculate the Statement of changes in working capital (8) Particulars 31 st March 2008 ii) Calculate Funds from Operation from the following: P&L a/c balance as on 31/3/2008 4, 50,000 P&L a/c balance as on 31/3/20089 5, 90,000 Depreciation for fixed assets 70,000 Profit on sale of plant 35,000 Loss on sale of furniture 20,000 Provision for General Reserve 50,000 31 st March 2009 Sundry Debtors 1,77,000 2,90,000 Sundry Creditors 53,000 74,000 Bank Overdraft 27,000 22,000 Outstanding wages 23,000 24,000 Interest receivable 20,000 29,000 Rent paid in advance 19,000 25,000 Income received in 30,000 35,000 advance Stock 1,20,000 1,45,000 Cash 1,23,000 2,30,000 8. Name the financial institutions available in industry to meet the financial needs. Also outline the objectives of each of these institutions. 9. List and explain the limitations of financial institutions. Prepare a balance sheet with imaginary data and explain the terms. 10. (i)explain in detail about external commercial borrowings. (ii) Write short note on Government budgeting support and international finance corporation.
UNIT 5 PART-A 1. Give two examples for fixed cost and semi variable cost. 2. Explain variable cost with an example. 3. Define explicit and implicit cost. 4. Define capital budgeting. 5. What do you mean by feasibility study? 6. What are the three types of feasibility study? 7. Define BEP (Break Even Point). 8. Explain marginal cost with an example. 9. Define NPV 10. Define IRR 11. What is CVP analysis? 12. Write any two use and limitations of capital budgeting 13. Explain variable cost with an example 14. If a company invests Rs.2,00,000 with Rs.40,000 as its annual earnings, what is the PBP of the company? 15. If the total cost of the firm is Rs.1,00,000 and fixed cost is Rs.40,000, what is the variable cost of the firm? 16. Explain any two pricing methods in practice. 17. Explain the going rate pricing method with an example. 18. What is activity based costing? 19. What is bid pricing and pricing for a rate of return? 20. List the assumptions of break-even analysis. PART-B 1. Elucidate any four assumptions and managerial uses of BEA. 2. Explain the different techniques used in capital budgeting with respective advantages and disadvantages. 3. From the following data, Calculate the PBP and NPV (at 7% discounting factor) for the two projects A &B and give your suggestions: Year 0 1 2 3 Project A - 45,000 60,000 20,000 1,00,000(outflow) Project B - 2,00,000(outflow) 85,000 70,000 90,000 4. Explain in detail the cost output relationship in short run. 5. Describe the cost output relationship in long run.
6. Discuss the different methods of pricing in practice. 7. (i) Explain how cost output relationship helps entrepreneur in expansion decision. (ii) Explain marginal cost pricing and going rate pricing. 8. A company makes a single product with a sales price of Rs. 10 and Variable cost of RS.6 per unit fixed cost is Rs.60, 000. Calculate (i) Number of units to break even (ii) Sales at break even (iii) Contribution to sales ratio in terms of percentages. (iv)number of units that will need to be sold to achieve a profit of Rs.10, 000. (v) Level of sales that will achieve a profit of Rs. 30,000. (vi) Given an increase in variable cost by Rs. 2 per unit, and increase in Fixed cost by Rs. 10,000 per annum. What will be the new BEP in units. 9. (i) Write about project feasibility. (ii) Write short note on price discrimination. 10. Explain the different types of costing.