SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT A NEW MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE Michael Aherne Chair, Traffic Efficiency and Monitoring Working Group, POLIS All views personal
Outline Future Vision Policy Context for the future Review of Transport Philosophy Network Objectives The Tools for the Job 3-stranded Approach to TM service provision
Context POLIS New EU-wide challenges Problems not fully identified Solutions need to be explored Business-as-usual or not?
FUTURE VISION (S)
COMPETING VISIONS? Vision (i) The Technological Network high-tech vehicles, constant communication with each other, with central control systems.. optimum routes for all, all journey time minimised Vision (ii) The Quiet City streets as quality living and working places, noise-free, pollutant-free, safe, attractive minimal vehicular intrusion, quality public realm, (underground) public transport Vision (iii) The Responsible Citizenry a sustainable city of responsible citizens, who choose the most appropriate mode for the trip (pre-planned, of course), interchanging effortlessly between walking, cycling, driving, bus and train etc
Vision 1? Incident Detection & Response Management Effective Resolution of Traffic Problems Automatic Incident Detection Traffic Management System Video Detection Fuzzy Logic Incident Management Verify by CCTV Main Category: Accident Sub Category: Right Lane Closed Operator Response Plan Management...... AND Trigger Main category = ACCIDENT Sub category = right lane closed 1. Set Lane & Speed Control 2. Set Dynamic Message Signs 3. Dispatch Emergency Vehicles
The Quiet City (Vision 2)?
Vision 3: Paris PT Journey Planner..
EU Riding 2 horses?
EU riding two (or more) horses? Supports Vision (i) The Technological Network Relevant to highway network management Good for EU economy (20% of which is transport): Vehicle manufacture IT systems Distribution Safety
Vision 1 Universal On-Board Unit 7FP?? Galileo EGNOS/GPS Vehicle Systems Interfaces Digital Tachograph Emergency Call DSRC Beacons EFC OBTU GSM/GPRS Driver Information Other Communications Driver Interface Passenger Interface Other Applications Data Bus Applications
Vision 1 - Status Quo on Adaptive 100 % junctions with fixed time control (with and without UTC update) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Paris Berlin Rome Belo Horizonte Tokyo Toronto Zurich London Munich Brussels Karlruhe Dublin Amsterdam Tel Aviv Turin Stockhom Birmingham Helsinki Las Vegas 1.8 (metr.)
EU riding two (or more) horses? Supports Vision (ii) The Quiet City 80% of population EU lives in cities Environmental and qualitative view of urban living Quality of life and Health are key issues Noise and AQ Directives Green Paper on urban Transport
Vision 2: HEAVEN DSS led to... site specific solutions for the interaction with existing and new.... traffic monitoring and control systems HEAVEN DSS.. A.Q., noise and meteo monitoring systems and forecast models
EU riding two (or more) horses? Supports Vision (iii) The Responsible Citizenry Only vision capable of providing urban accessibility, reliability and sustainability Requires multi-lateral action Recognises all decision-takers Has elements of Visions (i) and (ii) But reality of responsible citizen?
The Responsible Citizen (Vision 3)?
REVIEW OF TRANSPORT PHILOSOPHY
Accommodation begins
Predict - and - provide
Predict and provide Public Transport
Excess Traffic will go away?
4 Phases of Transport 1.Accommodation through roadside on-street parking, longer traffic signal cycle times, etc. 2.predict-and-provide 3. predict-and-provide-public-transport 4.predict-and-reduce or predict-and -suppress New phase of contra-congestion transport planning and traffic management - excess traffic will not simply go away
SETTING NETWORK OBJECTIVES
Network Management Objectives (Absence?) Set Sustainable TM/T objectives as Part of Overall Urban Strategy and Transport Plan. Safety remains paramount Noise and Air Q EU Directives Other objectives can be complex and competing
Possible Network Management Objectives competitive bus speeds, reduced journey times, increased cycling and walking for shorter trip lengths, absence of city centre congestion etc. reliable and repeatable network performance across all the modes
Possible Network Management Objectives
Management Without Objectives?
Reactive Paralysis? 5 possible factors for non-intervention how to intervene? would intervention make situation better or worse? enough forewarning? no reporting requirement (traffic = weather)? No clear management objectives no incentive / direction for interventions. Traffic will not self-regulate Pro-active network management needed
The Tools for the Job
The right tools for the job? Primary traffic management tools (cameras and loops) monitor and respond to vehicles AUTCs commenced in predict-andprovide stage Prime concern now = movement of people and goods, not vehicles. Legacy issue: appropriateness of systems? method of use?
London Management Approach.. Think about people and goods Be better prepared for the future Better alignment and prioritisation of decisions Long-term resilience Co-ordinate future investment Long term focus & foresight
Three-Strand Approach to Sustainable Traffic Management pre-requisite : Set network (traffic) management objectives then Development of Optimal Intervention Strategies: Multi-modal Urban Traffic Management Management Structures and Techniques
STRAND 1: Development of Optimal Intervention Strategies APPROACH: Analyse norms (daily, seasonal, incidental ) Analyse behavioural responses Develop suites of interventions (DSS) to achieve optimal network performance (acc to objectives) Two universal problems : Boundary problem highway / urban Evening peak discharge from central area.
Development of Multi-Modal TM: Multi-modal detection / control: Public transport modes needs weighted for numbers carried. Short Modes need to be counted Real Time? Just in Time / Enough Time? Decide type and level of data for effective management?(real time, batch, trend, behavioural, qualitative etc.)
Multi-modal? Multi-stakeholder : Context: More competitive and privatised p.trans. So partnership approach between stakeholders Agreeing overall network management objectives, expected stakeholder activity and performance, collaborative actions, data and systems integration, co-ordinated interventions and emergency responses etc.
Development of Management Appropriate management philosophy (Management by Exception, Management by Increment, Management by Objective etc.), Management structures (within agencies, between agencies etc.) for overall network management, incident management, intervention management, data exchange etc.
Development of Management contd. The transparency and accountability to the wider public etc. Audit procedures to identify / prompt management activity in various areas of network management, including human dependency, legacy and contractual constraint, etc. Comparative study of network management in other industry sectors, and identification of transferable techniques and technology
Overload management - comparison Many managers deal with peak loading sandwich shops, mobile phone networks, electricity supply, Best interests of customer and business to pro-actively manage by? extra staff, incentivising the off-peak, queue management, network protection protocols? What is overload management strategy for traffic network?
Conclusion New challenge and opportunity 1. Urban mobility goalposts are / have moved 2. Management approach and supporting systems must move to same place 3. The setting of clear (sustainable) objectives coupled with appropriate management structures, systems and techniques, are the key.
New enforcement measures?