Energy Solar Thermal Energy for Cooling Applications and Industrial Process Heat Olivier Drücke President of ESTIF, Belgium Sales Director at XOLAR Group, Germany olivier.druecke@estif.org olivier.druecke@xolargroup.com
Taping the SOLAR POTENTIAL
Final energy consumption in the EU 31% 20% electricity heating & cooling transport 49%
Potential of Solar Thermal in Europe Heating & Cooling Demand Solar Heat Source: Potential of Solar Thermal in Europe, ESTIF, 2009
4 strategies needed to develop the full potential of ST 1. The number of solar thermal systems has to be sharply increased 2. The share of solar thermal energy per building has to be increased step-by-step up to 100% 3. ST has to be introduced in new market segments like public buildings and the commercial sector 4. New ST applications have to be developed like solar assisted cooling, district and process heating
Solar Heat for Cooling / Air Conditioning
Solar Radiation and required Cooling Load Coincidence of radiation & cooling load demand Solar coolers are Peak-shavers!
Air Conditioning Market Share of various Systems
Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) Total Market & Potential
Total installed Solar Cooling Systems in Europe / World Solar cooling is a sustainable alternative to conventional electrically driven split-units (compressor chillers) Solar collectors are combined with sorptionchillers that use environmentally friendly refrigerants (ammonium/water) Low power demand and operation costs, Low CO2 Yearly Growth 40-70%
Market share of solar driven chillers 14% 2% 13% 71% Absorption chillers Adsorption chillers DEC systems LDAC systems DEC: Desiccant and Evaporative Cooling LDAC: Liquid Desiccant Air-conditioning
Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - From Solar Radiation to Air Conditioning
Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Heat-driven Chillers
Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Open Systems
Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Absorption System (LiBr)
Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Absorption System
Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Absorption System (with ETC s)
Solar Assisted Cooling (SAC) - Handbook for Planners
Solar Heat for Industrial Processes
Heat Demand by Sector EU 25 in 2004 Heat Demand by Sector - EU 25 in 2004 Industry 31% Households 46% Commerce, Service 23% Source: AEBIOM, European Biomass Statistics 2007
Industrial heat demand by temperature level and industrial sector 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Above 400 C 100-400 C Below 100 C 0% Mining and Quarrying Food and Tobacco Pulp & paper Chemical Non-Metallic Minerals Basic Metals Machinery Transport Equipment Others Source: ECOHEATCOOL
Processes and Temperature Levels Industrial Sector Process Temperature Level [ C] Food and Beverages Textile Industry Drying Washing Pasteurizing Boiling Sterilizing Heat Treatment Washing Bleaching Dyeing 30-90 40 80 80 110 95 105 140 150 40 60 40 80 60 100 100 160 Chemical Industry All Sectors Boiling Distilling Various chem. Processes Pre-heating of Boiler Feedwater Heating of Factory Buildings 95 105 110 300 120-180 30 100 30 80
ST Process Heat Applications Space heating of industrial buildings Low- and medium temperature heat for industrial processes Water treatment (e.g. Sea water desalination) Refrigeration and cooling
90 operating Solar Thermal Plants for process heat are reported worldwide, with a total capacity of about 25 MW th (35,000 m²).
Potential Studies on Solar Process Heat ST Potential (PJ) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Potential in PJ % Austria Spain Portugal Italy Netherlands 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% ST potential/heat demand Source: IEA SHC Task 33, R. Battisti, C. Vannoni
Potential of Solar Heat in the European Industry Country Industrial final energy consumption in 2002 [PJ/year] Industrial heat demand in 2002 [PJ/year] Solar process heat potential [PJ/year] Solar heat on industrial heat demand [%] Solar process heat potential [Mio m 2 ] Solar process heat potential [GW] Austria 297 220 5.4 2.4 4.3 3 Spain 1175 841 17 2.0 10 7 Portugal 243 184 4 2.2 2.5 1.7 Italy 1652 1136 32 2.8 15.4 10.8 Netherlands 573 425 1.5-1.95] 0.3-0.5 0.8-1 0.7 Germany 2416 1575 50 3.2 35 24.5 EU 15 11372 7880 199 2.5 110-138 77-97 EU 25 12964 9145 230 2.510 128-160 90-112
Process Heat Collectors: Advanced Flat Plate Collectors Double-glazed, flat-plate collector with anti-reflective glass. The space between the glass panes is filled with an inert gas to reduce the heat conductivity. Source: IEA SHC Task 33
Process Heat Collectors: CPC Collectors Concentration: 1,8x Efficiency n 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature difference T_Coll_mid - T_Amb [K] Air 1 bar Air 0,01 bar Krypton 0,01bar LoCo EvaCo (Low concentrating evacuated flat collector), ZAE Bayern
Process Heat Collectors: Fresnel Collector Mirroxx GmbH Germany Aperture area: 88 m² Working temperature: max. 200 C
Space Heating of Factory Buildings with facade collectors
Solar car wash plant, Köflach, Austria Installed capacity: 30 kw th (43 m² flat plate collector)
Washing Process CONTANK, Barcelona Installed Capacity: 357 kw th (510 m²) 40 m³
Beverage Industry Bottle Washing
Bavarian brewery Lammsbräu Drying of malt Continuous heat demand during the whole year Temperatures up to 60 C provided by the covered air collectors 72.5 m 2 collector area
drying of green forage in Italy Storage of the forage bales is easier Higher quality of the forage Improvement of proteine in the forage Collector area: 40 m 2
Seawater Desalination Gran Canaria, Spain Membrane Distillation 70 kw th anti-reflective double glazed flat plate collector Annual useful solar heat: 89 MWh/a Anual specific useful solar heat: 1271 kwh/kw*a Solar fraction: 100% Fraunhofer ISE, Germany
El NASR Pharmaceutical Chemicals, Egypt Installed Capacity: 1,33 MW th (1900 m² Parabolic Trough Collectors) Steam: 1,3 t/hr / 170 C, 7,5 bar Source: FICHTNER SOLAR GmbH
Further Information
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