Solar Thermal Status - Perspectives - Technologies

Transcription

1 Renewable Energy Made in Germany Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Solar Thermal Status - Perspectives - Technologies Werner B. Koldehoff Management Consulting Am Waldbach 7, D Görisried Tel , koldehoff.werner@t-online.de German Solar Industry Association (BSW) Stralauer Platz 34, D Berlin Tel , Fax

2 Primary Energy Demand Globally Growing 2

3 Energiebedingte CO Energiebedingte CO 2 -Emissionen 2 -Emissionen Globale Temperaturänderung CO 2 -Emission and Global Warming , Mt Mt C , Temperatur 0,5 0, , CO 2 -Emissionen -0, ,3 source: Prof. Volker Quaschning, HTW Berlin Erneuerbare Energien und Klimaschutz, Hanser Verlag 2009

4 Effect of Global Warming Arctic Area September 1979 & 2009 source: NASA 4

5 Effect of Global Warming Heavy Flooded or Disappearing Areas 5

6 Energy-Resources world-wide - all Renewables source: Prof. Volker Quaschning, FHTW Berlin 6

7 Nuclear Power A Dangerous ILLUSION image: ENBW (utility in Germany) 7

8 Nuclear Power Pro & Con No CO 2 -Emission (almost) Production at reasonable cost (today!) but not for long (U-Ressources!!) Flexible production & energy supply possible according to needs Rare Ressources of Uranium (~ years only) enormous price increase!! Rising demand world wide due to new ly built NPP s Energy yield / output (performance) is only ~ 30%! Nuclear Waste deadly burden for next generations!!! Medium / long-term and final Safe Deposit completely un-solved Transport of waste and nuclear re-processing Nuclear Exidents & Ultimate MCA (Tschernobyl, Harrisburg, Fukushima.) Deadly Radiation (URL Pu ~ years) - for >> years!! Nuclear Fusion is not the answer (technically un-solved) highly problematic!!! 8

9 Total Capacity in Operation [GW el], [GWth] and Produced Energy [TWh el], [TWh th], 2010 Solar Thermal Heat the under-valued Energy Source!!!! Total Capacity in Operation [GWel], [GWth] and Produced Energy [TWhel], [TWhth], ,0 400 Total capacity in operation [GW] Produced Energy [TWh] ,0 194,0 162, , ,0 39,6 12,0 1,0 2,4 0,6 0,8 Solar Thermal Heat Wind Power Geothermal Power Photovoltaic Solar Thermal Power Ocean Tidal Power source: IEA SHC

10 Solar Thermal Systems DHW for Individual Houses (majority world wide) 10

11 Solar Thermal Heat (glazed) - newly installed) World 2010 ~ m² CHINA Rest of World ISRAEL INDIA AUS/NZ JAPAN USA/CANADA EUROPE AFRICA S/M-AMERICA TURKEY SE-ASIA TAIWAN 11

12 Solar Thermal Heat Total Capacity by 2010 (per inhabitant - W / head) Israel Austria Greece Turkey Germany Australia China Japan Spain Italy Brazil Metrop. France USA India source: solrico 12

13 Solar Thermal Heat (glazed) - newly installed) Europe* 2010 ~ m² Greece 5% Germany 33% Czech Republic <1% Netherlands 1% Poland 4% Denmark 1,5% Spain 9% Sweden < 1% Switzerland 4% France 9% UK 3% Cyprus 1.5% Ireland 1% Belgium 1.5% Austria 8% Italy 10% Slovakia < 1% Slovenia < 1% Portugal 4% (May *major countries) 13

14 Large Scale Solar Thermal Systems District Heating 14

15 Large Scale Solar Thermal Systems District Heating Marstal (DK) 12.8 MW th ( m 2 ) 15

16 Global Solar Thermal Initiatives Countries and Programs India - Solar India 2022 (National Solar Mission) 7 Mio ST-Systems installed by Mio m² by Mio m² by 2022 key driver: Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) mandated for power utilities South-Africa - Johannesburg Initiative (start: November 2009) ST-Systems on Individual Houses by 2012 Australia - Ban on Electrical Water Heaters ST-Water-Heaters are mandatory - Certificates (REC) through power utilities China - Government triggered Vision 300 Mio m² (in operation) by 2020 (!) - mandatory installation policy rising 65% Individual Houses (DHW) and 35% industrial use & large scale projects Canada - Solar Mission 2025 ST-Hot-Water System Installation sponsored training and workshops (CanSIA) USA - California s Solar Thermal Initiative Solar Roof Program through Public Utilities (CPUC) - start 2010 US$ 350 million direct incentives (US$ 250 million via surcharge on gas bills!) 16

17 Large Scale Solar Thermal Systems Concrete Factory, Sao Paulo 17

18 Large Scale Solar Thermal Systems Factory in Zumpango, Mexico 18

19 Large Scale Solar Thermal Systems Applications (examples) Hotels and Tourist Resources Hot Water (bath/shower, laundry & dish-washing) & Solar Cooling Green Labeling (energy saving pass) - incentives, awards Government Buildings Housing Board, Defense (Military Camps), Police, Guest Houses, Public Buildings Nursing homes, Schools / Colleges / Universities / Hostels Agriculture (Fruit Processing ) Process Heat (steam pre-heating Cleaning, Crop Drying etc.) Hospitals and Homes for Elderly People Hot Water (laundry & dish washing, shower/bath, cleaning / sterilizing) Industrial Buildings (Factories, Textile, Mining ) Process Heat - Hot Water & Steam Processing (pre-heating) Restaurants, Food Industry, Breweries, Super Markets Solar Cooling / Air Conditioning, Cooling (Cold Storage) Hot Water & Steam Processing (laundry & dish washing, cleaning) 19

20 Large Scale Solar Thermal Systems Zhongshan University, Guangzhao 20

21 Solar Cooling (SC) - From Sun to Air-Con a Giant Market Solar Radiation Solar Collector Heat thermal driven chiller open Cold Water Co Air Cooled Ceiling or Fan Coils Building desiccantcooling dehumidified Central Air-Condition System 21

22 Solar Cooling Tyndall Air Force Base in Florida, USA Solar Radiation and required Cooling Load Image: AILR

23 Solar Cooling Hotel & Holiday Resource, Turkey 23

24 Solar Desalination Evaporative Desalination System Solar Thermal Collector System properties: Desalination Unit Product (potable water) Thermal energy demand 120 kwh th /m³ Specific water production: 25 l/m² Collector Area No raw water pre-treatment needed Produced water is complying with EU drinking water directive (COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 98/83/EC of 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption) and WHO standards Low maintenance demand Raw Water (Reservoir) source: MAGE Water-Management

25 Solar Desalination (SD) Pilot Plant in Sami Al-Bakri, Jedda MiniSal m² thermal collectors Use of water is for human consumption replacing daily truck delivery Water Production from salt water Utilization of solar collector fields as shading for car parking 25

26 Solar Water Treatment System Pilot Project in Chennai, India Source: MAGE Water-Management

27 Solar Thermal Systems Industrial Process Heat C Large PTC and Fresnel Utility scale power generation industrial process heat Process Heat C Small PTC and Fresnel Industrial process heat solar cooling commercial water heating distributed power generation C Vacuum tube and CPC collectors Solar cooling (single stage) Low temperature process heat C Flat plate Collectors Domestic water heating, space heating source: Industrial Solar GmbH, Freiburg

28 Solar Cooling Small Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) source: Solitem, Aachen Iberotel, Turkey Solar Cooling & Heating 28

29 Solar Thermal Heat Potential & Market development Market size Small solar water heaters Solar cooling Water treatment Industrial applications Solar water heaters for multi family houses District heating Solar space heating Facade-integrated systems Future Market Early market Mass market source: AEE, Werner Weiss 29

30 Growth rate Solar Thermal Heat (world wide) Prognosis & Potential % % GW th % 20% 50 10% 0 0% Newly installed p.a. (left scale) Annual growth rate (right scale) source: Sarasin Solar Study 2010; W.B. Koldehoff 30

31 Solar Thermal in Malaysia Road Map 2020 (suggestions) Malaysia s Solar Thermal Program Target: > m² newly installed by 2014 and m² by Domestic Roof-Systems and 250 Large System Projects by end of 2014 Subsidy Programs and Dissemination (national, regional) Tax reduction, direct subsidies Amendment on building by-laws, rebate on property tax Installer Training (Q-Certificate) Training Programs for selected Solar Installers ( lessons learned ) Wave Import Duties (limited time) for Solar Thermal Systems To build-up the market easier and faster (from push market to pull market) Allow approved and certified systems (e.g. Solar Keymark, EN 12975) only!! Promote and build-up Local Production of ST-Systems Co-Operation, Know How Transfer, J/V with international solar companies Include ST in the Renewable Energy Strategy (RES) for Malaysia Action Plan and long term Master plan for a Renewable Energy Mix 31

32 D o w n l o a d the S U N 32