Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Project at Fort George, Mauritius

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Project at Fort George, Mauritius CONTENTS Chapter Description Page 1 NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY 17 1 INTRODUCTION 18 2 PROPOSED PROJECT IN FORT GEORGE 18 3 METHODOLOGY 21 3.1 CONSULTATIONS 21 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE 21 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 21 4.1 AIR QUALITY 22 4.2 NOISE 22 4.3 ECOSYSTEM 23 4.4 WATER SUPPLY 23 4.5 INDUSTRIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES-WATER DISCHARGE 23 4.6 SOCIO ECONOMIC 23 5 CONCLUSION 25 2 INTRODUCTION 26 1 INTRODUCTION 27 2 MAIN OBJECTIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 27 3 METHOD OF ASSESSMENT 28 4 PROMOTER, ASSISTANCE TO THE CONTRACTING AUTHORITY AND ESIA PRACTITIONER 30 4.1 CENTRAL ELECTRICITY BOARD THE PROMOTER 30 4.2 ELECTRICITÉ DE FRANCE SA, ASSISTANCE TO THE CONTRACTING AUTHORITY 30 4.3 BIOTOPE SAS, ESIA PRACTITIONER 31 3 LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK 32 1 INTRODUCTION 33 1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS 33 1.1.1 The Environment Protection Acts (EPA) 1991 and 2002 amended in 2008 33 1.2 LAWS OF LAND USE 34 1.2.1 Land Registration Act of 2002 34 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATION AND STANDARD: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT (AIR, WATER, ETC.) 34 1.3.1 Control of Noise Regulation environmental regulation 2008 35

1.3.2 Environmental standards of noise environmental standards 2003 and amended 2008 n 114 35 1.3.3 Environmental standards for air 1998 35 1.3.4 Environmental standards for Effluent Discharge 2003 and amended in 2004 37 1.3.5 Standards for Effluent Discharge into Ocean - 2003 37 1.3.6 Standards for Hazardous Wastes- GN N 157 of 2001 38 1.3.7 Collection, Storage, Treatment, Use and disposal of Waste Oil regulation -2006 -GN n 208 of 2006 38 1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATION AND STANDARD: FAUNA AND FLORA 39 1.4.1 Wildlife and National Parks Act 1993 replaced by the act of 2015 about native terrestrial biodiversity and national parks Act 39 1.4.2 Laws on terrestrial biodiversity - Plant Protection Act 2006 39 1.5 SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS / HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATIONS AND OBLIGATIONS 39 1.5.1 Employment Rights Act n 33 of 2008 updated as at 2015 39 1.5.2 Noise at Work (OSHA - Occupational Safety, Health Act of 2005 updated in 2013 and regulations 39 1.5.3 National Disaster Reduction and Management Act 40 1.5.4 National Heritage Fund Act of 2003 (Act No 40 of 2003) 40 4 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION AND ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED 41 1 INTRODUCTION 42 2 NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT 42 2.1 ENERGY REQUIREMENTS 42 2.2 PROVIDERS OF ELECTRICITY 42 2.2.1 The Central Electricity Board (CEB) 43 2.2.2 The Independent Power Producers (IPPs) (Source: Statistics Mauritius) 43 2.2.3 Power station in Mauritius 44 2.2.4 Stakeholder mapping 45 3 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 46 3.1 NO PROJECT OPTION 46 3.2 PROJECT OPTION 46 3.2.1 Technology alternatives 46 3.2.2 Site alternative 47 3.2.3 Site selection 47 3.2.4 Fuel alternatives explored for the CCGT 48 4 CONCLUSION 48 5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 49 1 INTRODUCTION 50 2 PROJECT SITE 50

3 GENERAL CONFIGURATION OF THE CCGT 53 3.1 COMBINED CYCLE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED 53 3.2 MAIN COMPONENTS 53 3.2.1 Gas (Combustion) turbine 54 3.2.2 Steam turbine 54 3.2.3 Heat recovery steam generators 54 3.3 MAIN RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS 55 3.3.1 Diesel Fuel Oil (DFO) 55 3.3.2 Natural Gas 55 3.3.3 Raw water 55 3.4 CCGT PROCESS 56 3.4.1 General process diagram 56 3.5 TYPICAL SCOPE OF WORK 58 3.5.1 Mechanical 58 3.5.2 Electrical 58 3.5.3 Civil 58 3.6 CCGT STRUCTURES, BUILDINGS AND OTHER SYSTEM 59 3.6.1 Turbine halls, CCR and associated building, gatehouse 59 3.6.2 Effluent and Waste Treatment Facility 60 4 CONCLUSION 62 6 AIR QUALITY 63 1 INTRODUCTION 64 2 BASELINE METHODOLOGY 64 2.1 AIR MEASUREMENT 64 2.2 MONITORING CAMPAIGN 66 2.3 AIR QUALITY MODELING 73 2.3.1 Scenarios for the Modeling of Atmospheric Dispersion 73 2.3.2 Dispersion model configuration 74 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 76 3.1 TOPOGRAPHY 76 3.2 LAND USE 76 3.3 COASTAL INFLUENCE 76 3.4 METEOROLOGY 76 3.4.1 General Weather conditions 77 3.4.2 Wind speed and direction 78 3.4.3 Temperature 79 3.4.4 Rain 79 3.4.5 Atmospheric stability 79

3.5 MONITORING CAMPAIGN S RESULTS 80 3.5.1 Nitrogen dioxide content 81 3.5.2 Sulphur dioxide content 83 3.5.3 Benzene content 85 3.5.4 PM10 content 87 3.6 COMPARISON BETWEEN MONITORING CAMPAIGN S RESULTS AND REGULATED THRESHOLDS 88 3.7 OTHER MONITORING STUDIES 89 4 PREDICTED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 90 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 90 5.1 DUST AND OTHER PARTICLES 90 5.2 GASEOUS POLLUTANT EMISSION (CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES) 91 5.3 AIR POLLUTANTS EMITTED BY THE CCGT POWER PLANT 91 5.4 STACK EMISSION EMITTED BY GAS TURBINES AND FUME FROM CHIMNEYS 95 6 CUMULATIVE IMPACT 96 6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 96 6.1 OPERATIONAL PHASE 96 7 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS 96 7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 96 7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE 97 8 CONCLUSION 97 7 NOISE 99 1 INTRODUCTION 100 2 BASELINE METHODOLOGY 100 2.1 NOISE MEASUREMENT 101 2.1.1 Noise measurement Point 1 101 2.1.2 Noise measurement 1P+6P 102 2.1.3 Noise measurement 2P+4P 103 2.1.4 Noise measurement 3P+5P 104 2.1 NOISE MODELING 105 2.2 PRINCIPLES AND PARAMETERS OF CALCULATION 105 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 106 3.1 LOCATION OF NOISE SENSORS 107 3.2 NOISE MEASUREMENT RESULTS 108 4 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 108 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 109 5.1 NOISE CAUSED BY CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 109 5.2 NOISE GENERATED BY TRUCK TRANSPORT 110 5.3 NOISE ASSOCIATED WITH PLANT EQUIPMENT 110

5.3.1 Location and sound power level of the noise sources 110 5.3.2 Noise impact at operational stage 114 5.4 NOISE IMPACT ACCORDING TO STAKEHOLDER S CONSULTATION 115 6 CUMULATIVE IMPACT 116 6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 116 6.1 OPERATIONAL PHASE 116 7 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS 116 7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 116 7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE 118 8 RESIDUAL IMPACT 118 9 CONCLUSION 118 8 SOIL QUALITY 119 1 INTRODUCTION 120 2 BASELINE METHODOLOGY 120 2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PAST ACTIVITIES 120 2.2 SAMPLING METHODOLOGY 120 2.3 SAMPLE ANALYSIS 120 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 121 3.1 SAMPLING LOCATION 121 3.2 PAST ACTIVITIES 123 3.3 POTENTIAL SOIL POLLUTANTS 124 3.4 ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION 124 3.4.1 Analytical results 124 3.4.2 Interpretation 126 4 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 127 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 128 5.1 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS SPILLAGE (ORGANIC AND INORGANICS CHEMICALS) 128 5.2 ACCIDENT OIL OR FUEL SPILLS 128 5.3 WASTEWATER AND SOLID WASTE GENERATION 128 5.4 CONTAMINATION FROM MOVING SOIL 129 6 CUMULATIVE IMPACT 130 6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 130 6.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE 130 7 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS 130 7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 130 7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE 131 8 RESIDUAL IMPACTS 132 9 CONCLUSION 132

9 FAUNA AND FLORA 133 1 INTRODUCTION 134 2 BASELINE METHODOLOGY 134 2.1 FAUNA AND FLORA SURVEYS 136 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 137 3.1 FLORISTIC COMPOSITION OF THE SITE 137 3.2 LIST OF ALL PLANT SPECIES IDENTIFIED ON THE SURVEY SITE AND THEIR STATUS 140 3.3 DISCUSSION: FINDING ON BIODIVERSITY 141 3.4 FAUNISTIC COMPOSITION OF THE SITE 141 3.5 DISCUSSION: FINDINGS ON BIODIVERSITY 144 4 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 145 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 145 5.1 HABITAT LOSS (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 145 5.2 SPECIES AND INDIVIDUAL PLANT LOSS (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 145 5.3 COMPETITION BETWEEN NATIVE AND INTRODUCED SPECIES (OPERATIONAL PHASE) 146 6 CUMULATIVE IMPACT 146 7 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS 147 7.1 MITIGATION MEASURE AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 147 7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE 147 8 RESIDUAL IMPACTS 147 9 CONCLUSION 147 10 CONSULTATIONS 149 1 INTRODUCTION 150 1.1 CONSULTATION PROCESS 150 2 STATUTORY CONSULTATIONS 150 2.1 RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS NEAR THE PROJECT SITE 151 2.2 PUBLIC PARASTATAL BODIES IN THE PORT 152 2.3 NON-PORT BASED STAKEHOLDERS 153 2.3.1 Central Electricity Board CEB 153 2.3.2 National Heritage Fund NHF 153 2.3.3 National Park Conservation Service (NPCS) 153 2.3.4 Ministry of Fisheries 153 2.3.5 The Mauritius Oceanography Institute (MOI) 153 3 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 154 3.1 TRADE UNIONS: 154 3.2 RESIDENTS: 154 3.3 PRIVATE LARGE OPERATORS 154

11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 157 1 INTRODUCTION 158 2 BASELINE METHODOLOGY 158 2.1 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION 158 2.2 REFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHIES/ SOURCE OF DATA COLLECTED 159 2.3 ANALYSIS OF ENERGY DEMAND WITH THE PERSPECTIVE TO HIGHLIGHT THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT 159 3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 160 3.1 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC 160 3.1.1 Population and Population growth 160 3.1.2 Population distribution 160 3.2 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY SECTOR 161 3.2.1 National context 161 3.2.2 Economic landscape of Port-Louis 162 3.2.3 Historical sites in Port area 162 4 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 163 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 164 5.1 JOB CREATION 164 5.2 ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION 164 5.3 HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES 165 5.4 IMPACT ON THE NEIGHBOURING HERITAGE SITE 166 6 CUMULATIVE IMPACT 166 6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 166 6.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE 167 6.2.1 Increase in traffic congestion 167 7 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING PLANS 167 7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 167 7.2 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE 168 8 RESIDUAL IMPACTS 168 9 CONCLUSION 169 12 OTHER ISSUES 170 1 INTRODUCTION 171 2 WATER POLLUTION 171 2.1 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 171 2.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 171 2.2.1 Water consumption 171 2.2.2 Change on sea water quality 171 2.3 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE 171

2.4 MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING ACTIONS DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE 172 13 HAZARD ANALYSIS AND SAFETY MEASURES 173 1 INTRODUCTION 173 2 HAZARD ANALYSIS AND SAFETY MEASURES 174 2.1 FIRE AND EXPLOSION 174 2.1.1 Fire incident prevention 174 2.1.2 Fire protection equipment 174 2.2 FIRE AND GAS DETECTION, EXPLOSION HAZARDS 175 2.3 OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS 176 2.3.1 List of emergency equipment 176 2.4 NATURAL GAS RELEASE 177 2.5 WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM 177 2.6 CONFIGURATION OF THE 66KV NETWORK 178 2.6.1 The 66 kv network 178 2.7 EARTHING GRID 180 2.8 UNDERGROUND SERVICES 180 2.9 LIGHTNING AND CATHODIC PROTECTION 180 2.10 GENERAL SECURITY 181 2.11 INDOOR MATERIAL STORAGE AREAS 181 3 COMMUNITY HEALTH AND SAFETY 182 3.1 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS 182 3.2 NOISE 182 3.3 ACCIDENT AND FATALITY RATES 182 3.4 NATURAL DISASTER CONTINGENCY 183 14 EMERGENCY RESPONSE MANAGEMENT PLAN 184 1 INTRODUCTION 185 1.1 PURPOSE 185 1.2 MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 185 1.3 ACCOMPANYING PLANS & PROCEDURES 185 1.4 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION 186 2 PREVENTION OF EMERGENCIES 187 2.1 DISCOVERY 188 2.2 GENERAL NOTIFICATION 189 2.3 GENERAL NOTIFICATION 189 2.4 PREVENTION THROUGH MITIGATION MEASURES 190 2.5 MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 190 3 PREPAREDNESS 190

3.1 DESIGN EQUIPMENT 190 3.2 TRAINING AND EXERCISES 191 3.3 ONSITE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 191 4 EMERGENCY RESPONSE 191 4.1 SCENARIOS 192 4.1.1 Pollution incident 192 4.1.2 Fire and explosion 194 4.1.3 Emergency procedures for Natural Gas leak 195 4.1.4 Emergency procedures for severe weather 196 4.1.5 Local area evacuation plan 197 5 RECOVERY 197 5.1 CLEANUP 197 5.2 FOLLOW UP ACTIONS 197 15 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT MONITORING PLAN 199 1 INTRODUCTION 200 2 PROPOSED MONITORING 200 2.1 AIR QUALITY MONITORING 200 2.2 MONITORING OF WATER DISCHARGE 200 2.3 NOISE MONITORING 201 2.4 HANDLING AND STORAGE OF CHEMICAL AND WASTES 201 2.5 STAFF TRAINING 201 16 CONCLUSION 202

List of appendices Appendix 1 : minutes of meetings with stakeholders Appendix 2 : biological inventory results Appendix 3 : schematic map of ward 6 of Port louis Appendix 4 : soil sampling map and lab results Appendix 5 : air quality modeling results Appendix 6 : Fort George site plan List of maps Map 1 CCGT Fort George project location site - Mauritius... 21 Map 2 Site location and its surrounding... 52 Map 3 Location of measurement sites... 71 Map 4 Survey - Nitrogen dioxyde content... 83 Map 5 Survey - Sulphur dioxide content... 85 Map 6 Survey - Benzene content... 87 Map 7 Survey - PM10 content... 89 Map 8 Sulphur dioxide content - FGPS on HFO - Annual average - Exceeding limits value of 50 µg/m 3... 94 Map 9 location of Terminalia bentzoë ssp. mauritiana... 140 Map 10 Distance from project site to historical and cultural heritage site... 164 Map 11 Configuration of 66 kv network... 180 List of figures Figure 1 The basic principles of operation of a typical combined cycle power plant 20 Figure 2 Generation of electricity by CEB and IPP (export to CEB), 2006 2015 44 Figure 3 Stakeholder Mapping of Electricity 46 Figure 4 Additional plot of land at Fort George from MPA 53 Figure 5 Combustion gas turbine fundamental structure 55 Figure 6 CCGT process (Source EDF, edited by Biotope) 58 Figure 7 Site configuration (Source : EDF 2017)) 62 Figure 8 Passive sampler and its especially designed protection shelter (Source: Passam ag) 68 Figure 9 Sketch of the passive sampler and its schematic installation in the especially designed protective shelter (Source: Passam ag) 69 Figure 10 Sketch, illustration and the benzene sampler application using the optimized protective shelter (Source: Passam ag) 69 Figure 11 Sigma-2 passive sampler (Source : Passam ag) 69 Figure 12 Characterization of the measured particulates in order to allocate them to the specific source (Source: Passam ag) 70

Figure 13 : wind direction and speed 5 years statistics 79 Figure 14 Nitrogen dioxide - Distribution of measured contents 82 Figure 15a Sulphur dioxide content - Distribution of measured contents 84 Figure 15b Sulphur dioxide content - Distribution of measured contents 84 Figure 16 Benzene content - Distribution of measured contents 86 Figure 17 PM10 content - Distribution of measured contents 88 Figure 18 View of buildings used in noise modeling North-West view 107 Figure 19 View of buildings used in noise modeling East view 107 Figure 20 Location of the noise sensitive receptors 108 Figure 21 : Location of the noise sources 113 Figure 22 : Map of noise level 115 Figure 23a : Map of noise level with acoustic attenuation 116 Figure 23b : Map of noise level with acoustic attenuation 116 Figure 24 Sampling locations 124 Figure 25 Key stakeholders in the Port area 152 Figure 26 Ages structure of Port Louis resident 161 Figure 27 Gross Domestic Product breakdown (2015) source: Statistics Mauritius 163 Figure 28 Electricity Generation 2016 (GWh) 165 Figure 29 Contingency activation synoptic (Source: EGIS, 2017 in risk assessment study) 188