Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241)

Occupational Snapshot 2016-2025 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) The Asia Pacific Gateway Corridor (APGC) Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians may work independently or provide technical support and services in the design, development, testing, production and operation of electrical and electronic equipment and systems. They are employed by electrical utilities, communications companies, manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment, consulting firms, and in governments and a wide range of manufacturing, processing and transportation industries. For more information, see Appendix A. Example Job Titles: Communications technologist Electrical engineering technician Electrical engineering technologist Electronics engineering technician Electronics engineering technologist Electronics manufacturing technician Electronics manufacturing technologist Production support technician electronics manufacturing About this report Labour information is data about the supply of and demand for labour in key occupations, sectors, and regions of the economy. The Asia Pacific Gateway Skills Table (APGST) and its partners developed this report to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on employment needs over a 5- and 10- year forecast period, with a focus on Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians. Reports are also available covering regional and sector outlooks, as are Occupational Snapshots for an additional 33 occupations considered essential to the Asia Pacific Gateway Corridor (APGC). The snapshots contain detailed supply and demand information, highlights, and data tables. Reports can be found at lmionline.ca. This report provides in-depth information about Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) in the APGC that can be used to facilitate labour planning for decisionmakers and employers, and can help workers make informed choices about their careers and futures. The APGST generates the information in these reports from a labour forecast based on three economic scenarios: the High Investment Scenario, Investment Scenario, and Investment Scenario. The analysis that follows, unless otherwise indicated, is for the APGC as a whole and is based on a Investment Scenario, which includes projects that are underway as well as planned and likely to proceed. Provincial information is included for British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. For more information, see Appendix B. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 1

Table of Contents About this report... 1 Executive Summary... 3 Key Facts 2016 2025... 4 HIRING DIFFICULTY INDEX... 4 LABOUR DEMAND... 5 Expansion... 6 LABOUR SUPPLY... 6 Replacement... 7 Base Supply... 7 New Supply... 8 The APGC Labour Market: Three Economic Scenarios... 11 Conclusions... 12 APPENDICES... 13 Appendix A Duties and Educational Requirements... 13 Appendix B Data Tables by Province and Economic Scenario... 14 The Asia Pacific Gateway Skills Table wishes to acknowledge the funding support from the Government of Canada s Sectoral Initiatives Program. -- The opinions and interpretations in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada. Additional 2016 APGC LMI Products: Occupational Snapshots Regional Outlooks Sector Outlooks APGST LMI Backgrounder More information can be found at www.lmionline.ca, or contact the Skills Table at info@apgst.ca or 604.684.1471. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 2

Executive Summary BY THE NUMBERS 31% 76% 23% reliance on Immigration as a source of new workers See page 9 for more information on Immigration. of New Supply are New Entrants to the labour See page 8 for more information on New Supply. of today s Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians will leave the job by 2025 See page 7 for more information on Replacement. The demand for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians is expected to be strong over the next 10 years, except in BC and Saskatchewan. For most of the forecast period, employers will have some finding enough Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians to fill Job Openings. However, in 2017, it will be extremely difficult. Over the next 10 years, it is expected that: 4,185 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologist and Technician Job Openings will be created. Close to 23% of today s Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians, approximately 3,120, will retire and leave the labour by 2025. The number of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologist and Technician positions will increase by 9%. In the APGC, Replacement 1 will create the majority (75%) of Job Openings for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians. Expansion accounts for 25% of Job Openings. In Manitoba, 30% of Job Openings will be from Expansion. Replacement will be a significant driver of Job Openings in Saskatchewan, accounting for 85%. The 4,130 new Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologist and Technicians are forecast to be made up of: 3,130 New Entrants (76%) 1,265 workers new to Canada (31%) 415 workers Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologist and Technician positions and moving to other occupations or other parts of the labour force (-10%) 150 workers from provinces outside of the APGC (4%) 36% of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians live in BC, 44% live in Alberta, 9% live in Saskatchewan, and 11% live in Manitoba. 1 Workers who retire and leave the labour force and those who die. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 3

Key Facts 2016 2025 This forecast provides important information about supply and demand for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians in the APGC and the four provinces that it covers. The first 5 years of the forecast show a growing economy, with the next 5 showing many workers retiring from the 34 occupations. The Asia Pacific Gateway Corridor is forecast to grow in the 10 years of the forecast as trade activity between North America and Asia continues to expand. This growth will increase the need for an available, well-trained workforce. The overall forecast shows stable but challenging conditions for employers looking to fill Job Openings for all 34 occupations starting in 2017, with Replacement generating increasingly more Job Openings in the second half of the forecast period. HIRING DIFFICULTY INDEX The Hiring y Index assesses the overall for employers who are trying to hire in the labour. It aggregates five metrics and combines them to provide a single measure that reflects the different interactions between the labour components. For example, the metrics can show the ratio of workers to Job Openings (the Market Tightness) as Tight, with International Reliance and Supply Lag and positive (i.e., workers are moving in), while the Loss of Experience is and the reliance on New Entrants is Extreme. This implies quite different labour conditions than a situation where the Market Tightness is Tightening (i.e., less difficult) but International Reliance is High, supply is growing much more slowly than Job Openings, and a high portion of current workers are to work in other provinces. For most of the forecast period, employers will have some finding enough Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians to fill Job Openings. However, in 2017, it will be extremely difficult (Table 1). Table 1 Hiring y Index 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Extremely difficult Oversupplied 0-8 9-15 16-22 23-29 Extremely difficult 30+ Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 4

LABOUR DEMAND 9% increase in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologist and Technician positions between 2016 and 2025 Labour Demand is the number of jobs available for workers who have the skills and/or required certifications to be considered qualified to work in each occupation each year. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologist and Technician positions are forecast to increase by 1,230 over the 10-year forecast: 335 in BC 705 in Alberta 45 in Saskatchewan 145 in Manitoba In the APGC, 4,185 Job Openings for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians are expected to be created from growth and retirements, with: 1,510 in BC 1,880 in Alberta 235 in Saskatchewan 560 in Manitoba These Job Openings peak in 2019 and then decline slowly to 2025. 2016 shows much more varied economic conditions, with growth in Job Openings in Manitoba and contraction in Alberta and Saskatchewan (Figure 1). 600 500 400 300 200 100 0-100 -200 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 APGC British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Figure 1 Total Job Openings, APGC, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 5

Expansion Expansion Demand is defined as the number of Job Openings in an occupation created by economic or business growth. In the APGC, Expansion accounts for 25% of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologist and Technician Job Openings over the entire forecast period. In BC, Expansion accounts for 24% of Job Openings, with 32% in the first 5 years. In Alberta it is 26% over the 10 year forecast period but much lower at 13% in the first five years. Saskatchewan shows the greatest variation, with Expansion generating 15% of Job Openings over the forecast period and 39% in the first 5 years. For Manitoba, it is 30% over the forecast period (Table 2). Table 2 Demand and Job Openings for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) Province Average Annual Number of Jobs Total Job Openings, 2016 2025 Jobs Created by Expansion, 2016 2020 Jobs Created by Expansion, 2021 2025 Expansion Demand as a % of Job Openings British Columbia 5,129 1,510 255 110 24% Alberta 6,180 1,880 100 395 26% Saskatchewan 1,255 235 55-20 15% Manitoba 1,505 560 85 85 30% APGC 14,070 4,185 495 570 25% LABOUR SUPPLY 31% of the New Supply of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians is from Immigration Labour Supply is the number of workers who have the skills and/or certifications to be qualified to work in each occupation each year, including those who are newly trained, have moved from other provinces or countries, or have moved from other occupations. In the APGC, labour supply is expected to grow by about 1,110 workers over the 10 years of the forecast, with: 315 in BC 605 in Alberta 45 in Saskatchewan 145 in Manitoba On average, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians are 40 years old, with Saskatchewan averaging 37. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 6

Replacement Replacement Demand is defined as the number of Job Openings created by workers who leave each occupation, and the labour as a whole, due to retirement or death each year. Replacement continues to be a significant driver of Job Openings, although its impact is declining as more workers remain in the workforce after the age of 65, and the impact of the baby boom generation moving out of the workforce lessens. In the APGC, Replacement will create 3,120 Job Openings over the 10 years of the forecast (Table 3). Table 3 Impact of Replacement on Job Openings Province Job Openings Created by Replacement, 2016 2020 Job Openings Created by Replacement, 2021 2025 % Job Openings Created by Replacement British Columbia 550 590 76% Alberta 675 715 74% Saskatchewan 85 110 85% Manitoba 195 195 70% APGC 1,510 1,615 75% Loss of Experience assesses the rate at which experienced workers are retiring in relation to the number of Job Openings. The rate of loss is High in 6 of the 10 years of the forecast (Table 4). Table 4 Loss of Experience Measure 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 High Medium High Medium High Medium High 35% of Job Openings represented by Replacement 35-70% of Job Openings represented by Replacement More than 70% of Job Openings represented by Replacement Base Supply Base Supply is a measure of the decline in the number of workers who are active in an occupation at the beginning of the forecast and subsequently leave due to Replacement over the forecast period. Base Supply is calculated as the total supply less the average number of unemployed workers, less Replacement from each year of the forecast. Base Supply calculations demonstrate the changes in each year of the forecast period to the cohort of workers as compared with the first year of the forecast. In the APGC, Base Supply is expected to decline by an average of 23% over the forecast period, with the decline higher in Manitoba (Table 5). Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 7

Table 5 Changes to Base Supply Labour Supply Province Base Supply, 2016 Decline, 2016 2020 % Decline, 2016 2025 British Columbia 5,047-550 -11% -1,140-23% Alberta 6,085-675 -11% -1,390-23% Saskatchewan 1,240-85 -7% -195-16% Manitoba 1,465-195 -13% -390-27% APGC 13,835-1,510-11% -3,125-23% % New Supply New Supply is defined as the number of workers who are new to the occupation from Immigration, other provinces or regions, or other parts of the labour force, or who are New Entrants newly trained and new to the workforce. The Supply Lag Measure assesses the extent to which New Supply is keeping pace with Job Openings. It allows for an assessment of the extent to which conditions are tightening or loosening in the labour. Risk increases in 2017, declines starting in 2019, then falls to in 2022 and for the balance of the forecast period (Table 6). Table 6 Supply Lag Measure 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 High Medium Count too small Job Openings or New Supply is less than 6 No New Supply New Supply is 0 or negative New Supply is 97% or more of Job Openings Medium New Supply is 93-97% of Job Openings High New Supply is 93% or less of Job Openings The forecast shows New Supply is not keeping pace with Job Openings for the APGC and for Alberta and Saskatchewan, particularly in the first five years. In BC and Manitoba, New Supply keeps pace with Job Openings. Table 7 Labour Supply Characteristics, 2016 2025 Province Average Number of Qualified Workers New Entrants International Labour Force British Columbia 5,375 1,100 275 140-10 Alberta 6,485 1,365 645 130 290 Saskatchewan 1,310 305 105-30 -155 Manitoba 1,565 365 240-90 35 APGC 14,735 3,150 1,265 150-415 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 8

The composition of New Supply will change over the forecast period, with increasing reliance on workers from other provinces and a shrinking portion of the workforce for other occupations (Figure 2). Percent of Total New Supply 225% 175% 125% 75% 25% -25% -75% -125% -175% -225% New Entrants International Labour Force 2016 2025 Figure 2 Components of New Supply, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians, APGC, 2016 and 2025 New Entrants (workers who are newly trained and new to the workforce) are forecast to represent 76% of New Supply in the APGC. Provincially, New Entrants represent: 73% in BC 74% in Alberta 133% in Saskatchewan (which loses workers to other occupations and to other provinces) 66% in Manitoba Immigration (workers coming from other countries) is expected to add a further 31% to the total New Supply of labour in the APGC. Provincially, Immigration represents: 18% in BC 35% in Alberta 47% in Saskatchewan 44% in Manitoba New Entrants refers to the number of graduates from school or training programs who are filling Job Openings. The number of New Entrants takes previous participation in the labour force into consideration. If a new graduate has never worked before, they would be counted as a New Entrant; if a new graduate worked 25% of the year prior to graduating, they would be counted as 0.75 of a New Entrant. The number of New Entrants may not match administrative data for graduates, as graduates do not always end up in the labour force. The International Reliance Measure assesses the extent to which the New Supply of workers is dependent on workers from other countries. Given that the levers that control Immigration are not in the control of employers, this measure provides insight into the potential for New Supply expectations to be influenced by changes in Immigration policy. Reliance on Immigration for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians is Extreme in 2016 and 2017 and Medium for more than half of the forecast period (Table 8). Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 9

Table 8 International Reliance Measure for Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Extreme Medium Medium No New Supply None Medium High Extreme New Supply is 0 or negative International workers are not part of New Supply Less than 10% of New Supply represented by Immigration 10% to 25% of New Supply represented by Immigration 25% to 50% of New Supply represented by Immigration 50% or more of New Supply represented by Immigration (workers moving into the APGC from other provinces) will increase New Supply by 4%. Interprovincial : Accounts for 9% in BC Accounts for 7% in Alberta Reduces the workforce in Saskatchewan by 13% of New Supply Reduces the workforce in Manitoba by 16% of New Supply The Measure demonstrates the extent to which movement into or out of the province affects the supply of workers available to fill Job Openings. For most of the forecast period, workers will be moving into the APGC (Table 9). Table 9 Measure 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Fewer jobs High Fewer jobs The number of positions (demand) has declined from the previous year No Job Openings There are 0 Job Openings No Net is 0 Workers are moving to the province 10% or less of workers 10% to 25% of workers High 25% to 50% of workers Extreme 50% or more of workers Labour Force (workers from other occupations and those returning to the labour force) will reduce the number of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians by 10% of New Supply in the APGC. Provincially, Labour Force : Reduces the workforce by 1% of New Supply in BC Reduces the workforce by 16% of New Supply in Alberta Reduces the workforce by 67% of New Supply in Saskatchewan Adds 6% of New Supply in Manitoba Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 10

The APGC Labour Market: Three Economic Scenarios The Investment Scenario is conservative. It includes projects that are underway or certain to proceed, for a total of $103.5B from 2016-2025. 22% of this investment is in BC, 49% is in Alberta, 13% is in Saskatchewan and 16% is in Manitoba. The Investment Scenario is the expected scenario. It adds projects that are planned and likely to proceed, for a total of $165.1B in investments from 2016-2025. 36% of this investment is in BC, 35% is in Alberta, 17% is in Saskatchewan and 11% is in Manitoba. The High Investment Scenario is optimistic. It adds projects that have been announced, but with more distant start dates or more regulatory approvals needed to proceed, for a total of $304.9B in investment from 2016-2025. 31% of this investment is in BC, 46% is in Alberta, 16% is in Saskatchewan and 6% is in Manitoba. The APGST generates the information in these reports from a labour forecast based on three economic scenarios: the High Investment Scenario, Investment Scenario and Investment Scenario. The analysis in this report is based on the Investment Scenario, unless otherwise indicated. In the APGC, the High Investment Scenario will generate a total of about 460 more Job Openings than the Investment Scenario (28%) in the first 5 years of the forecast (2016 to 2020). In the final 5 years (2021 to 2025), the Investment Scenario outperforms the High by just over 730 Job Openings, for a net effect that has the Scenario generating about 270 more Job Openings (7%) than the High. In Alberta and Manitoba the Investment Scenario generates more Job Openings than the High for the whole 10 years of the forecast. Saskatchewan shows the largest scenario impact, with 25% more Job Openings from the High Investment Scenario over the full 10 years. Only Manitoba does not show the Investment Scenario outperforming the High in the second half of the forecast (Figure 3). 400 300 200 Job Openings 100 0-100 -200-300 -400 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 High Figure 3 Expansion Demand by Scenario, APGC, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians, 2016-2025 Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 11

Conclusions The labour looks difficult for employers looking to fill Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologist and Technician Job Openings over most of the 10 years of the forecast period, in the APGC as a whole as well as in BC and Manitoba. This is due to the loss of workers to other occupations, and more to the loss of experienced workers to retirement than it is to new demand for workers created by economic growth. In Alberta and Saskatchewan, the conditions are somewhat less difficult; this is largely the result of the more challenging economics related to commodity and oil price forecasts for these two provinces. Employers can reduce the impacts of the forecast conditions by building programs and strategies to ensure an adequate labour supply. strategies to help employers gain access to workers and enhance productivity in this environment include: Developing retention and recruitment programs for experienced workers as central tools for expanding and maintaining a workforce Developing and supporting work experience, co-op, and internship programs to help build experience in newly trained workers Reviewing hiring and job requirements with a focus on transferability from other occupations and other sectors Creating workplaces that encourage workers to stay in the APGC Developing programs aimed at retaining mature workers to help maintain corporate memory Managing succession and building comprehensive succession plans and experienced worker retention programs to expand and maintain workforces Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 12

APPENDICES Appendix A Duties and Educational Requirements Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists perform some or all of the following duties: Design, develop and test power equipment and systems, industrial process control systems, telecommunication, broadcast, recording and audiovisual systems, micro-electronic systems and circuits, computers, computer systems and networks, and computer software Supervise the building and testing of prototypes according to general instructions and established standards Conduct or supervise the installation, commissioning, and operation of electrical and electronic equipment and systems other than aircraft electronics or instruments Carry out applied research in fields of electrical and electronic engineering and physics under the direction of scientists or engineers Set up and operate specialized and standard test equipment to diagnose, test and analyze the performance of electrical and electronic components, assemblies and systems Write specifications, schedules and technical reports and control schedules and budgets Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians perform some or all of the following duties: Assist in the design, development and testing of electrical and electronic components, equipment, and systems Assist in inspection, testing, adjusting and evaluation of incoming electrical, electro-mechanical and electronic components and assemblies to ensure conformance with product specifications and tolerances Conduct life tests (burn-ins) on assemblies and record and analyze results Assist in building and testing prototypes to specifications Carry out a limited range of technical functions in support of research in electrical and electronic engineering and physics Install, operate and maintain electrical and electronic equipment and systems Calibrate electrical or electronic equipment and instruments according to technical manuals and written instructions Collect and compile operational or experimental data and assist in the preparation of estimates, schedules, budgets, specifications and reports Educational Requirements Completion of a two- or three-year college program in electrical or electronics engineering technology, computer engineering technology, telecommunications technology or an equivalent is usually required for electrical or electronics engineering technologists. Completion of a one- or two-year college program in electrical or electronics engineering technology is usually required for electrical or electronics engineering technicians. Certification in electrical or electronics engineering technology or in a related field is available through provincial associations of engineering/applied science technologists and technicians and may be required for some positions. A period of supervised work experience, usually two years, is required before certification. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 13

Appendix B Data Tables by Province and Economic Scenario Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) Note: Market Tightness: Assesses the tightness of the labour ; i.e., the degree of difficulty an employer may experience in trying to hire into the occupation. 1 - Excess supply More than 60% higher than normal unemployment 2 - Balanced supply and demand Between 30-60% higher than normal unemployment 3 - Nearing a tight labour Between 0-30% higher than normal unemployment 4 - Excess demand, limited supply Below normal unemployment APGC, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 13,017 13,521 13,570 13,306 13,291 13,408 13,576 13,712 13,806 13,923 14,077 14,212 14,335 Expansion Demand 25 523 48-278 -19 118 171 138 95 118 157 137 125 Replacement Demand 325 323 293 300 298 299 303 308 312 316 320 324 327 Job Openings 349 846 341 22 280 417 474 446 406 433 477 461 452 Net New Positions - 504 49-264 -15 117 168 136 94 117 154 135 123 Labour Force Supply 13,621 14,042 14,266 14,109 14,100 14,198 14,346 14,473 14,563 14,673 14,813 14,945 15,064 Net New Supply 350 744 516 144 288 397 450 436 402 426 459 455 446 New Entrants 316 321 320 312 305 304 304 303 304 308 314 316 318 International 600 2,410 58 191 380 95 104 79 39 44 80 88 97-19 618 57-56 -225-22 4 36 47 44 68 68 52 Labour Force -547-2,605 81-303 -172 20 38 18 12 30-3 -17-21 Average Age 40 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 Moving in Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Supply Lag High Medium Medium Medium International Reliance Extreme Extreme Medium Extreme Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience High Medium High High High High Medium Medium High High Medium High High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 14

APGC, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Extremely difficult Employment 13,017 13,521 13,570 13,397 13,501 13,694 13,889 14,061 14,192 14,338 14,458 14,545 14,627 Expansion Demand 25 523 48-184 105 198 200 175 133 148 121 88 82 Replacement Demand 325 323 293 300 296 299 304 309 314 318 323 327 331 Job Openings 349 846 341 117 401 496 504 483 447 466 445 415 413 Net New Positions - 504 49-173 104 193 195 172 131 146 120 87 82 Labour Force Supply 13,621 14,042 14,266 14,168 14,238 14,386 14,554 14,703 14,819 14,953 15,076 15,182 15,277 Net New Supply 350 744 516 201 366 447 472 457 429 453 446 433 427 New Entrants 316 321 320 313 308 308 309 308 309 314 319 321 322 International 600 2,410 58 416 313 100 110 84 33 11 37 73 90-19 618 57-111 -139 6 20 41 63 83 85 61 41 Labour Force -547-2,605 81-417 -116 33 33 24 24 45 5-22 -26 Average Age 40 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Moving in Fewer jobs High Supply Lag High High High Medium Medium Medium International Reliance Extreme Extreme Medium Extreme Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience High Medium High High High Medium Medium Medium High Medium High High High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 15

APGC, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 13,017 13,521 13,570 13,619 13,926 14,185 14,380 14,518 14,580 14,668 14,660 14,689 14,739 Expansion Demand 25 523 48 48 318 266 200 140 60 88-13 27 49 Replacement Demand 325 323 293 300 192 202 213 224 235 249 258 268 278 Job Openings 349 846 341 348 509 468 413 363 295 337 245 295 327 Net New Positions - 504 49 49 307 259 195 138 62 88-8 29 50 Labour Force Supply 13,621 14,042 14,266 14,303 14,519 14,725 14,898 15,031 15,105 15,204 15,249 15,314 15,386 Net New Supply 350 744 516 336 409 408 384 358 309 347 304 332 351 New Entrants 316 321 320 316 314 315 316 315 315 319 323 324 324 International 600 2,410 58 7,738-6 60 60 39-128 120 51-2 771-19 618 57 14 74 31 5-4 -19-31 -25 34-711 Labour Force -547-2,605 81-7,732 27 2 3 8 141-61 -45-24 -33 Average Age 40 39 39 37 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 Market Tightness 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 Moving in Fewer jobs Supply Lag High Medium High High High International Reliance Extreme Extreme Medium Extreme None Medium Medium Medium None High Medium None Extreme Loss of Experience High Medium High High Medium Medium Medium Medium High High High High High. Extreme Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 16

BC, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 4,608 4,804 4,868 4,904 4,929 4,937 4,938 4,928 4,923 4,936 4,994 5,048 5,096 Expansion Demand -199 204 63 34 22 5-2 -15-8 10 57 54 46 Replacement Demand 146 138 105 107 108 109 111 112 114 115 116 118 119 Job Openings -52 342 168 141 130 115 109 98 105 125 173 171 165 Net New Positions - 196 64 36 25 8 1-10 -5 13 58 54 48 Labour Force Supply 4,904 5,037 5,129 5,163 5,206 5,236 5,256 5,260 5,253 5,253 5,287 5,327 5,360 Net New Supply 3 272 198 141 151 139 131 116 107 114 150 158 153 New Entrants 112 114 114 113 111 110 109 107 106 105 105 105 104 International 437 2,021 34 17 22 19 20 13 2 12 33 35 34-27 539 19 15 15 3-2 -2 0 3 16 22 20 Labour Force -519-2,402 31-4 3 7 4-2 -1-6 -4-4 -5 Average Age 42 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 Supply Lag Fewer jobs Count too small Moving in Fewer jobs No High High High High High International Reliance Extreme Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium Medium High High High High High High High Medium Medium High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 17

BC, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 4,608 4,804 4,868 4,918 5,005 5,082 5,113 5,130 5,155 5,185 5,218 5,236 5,252 Expansion Demand -199 204 63 49 87 76 29 14 23 28 30 15 13 Replacement Demand 146 138 105 107 108 110 112 114 116 117 118 120 121 Job Openings -52 342 168 155 195 186 141 128 139 145 149 135 135 Net New Positions - 196 64 50 87 77 31 17 25 30 33 18 16 Labour Force Supply 4,904 5,037 5,129 5,170 5,250 5,327 5,372 5,394 5,409 5,425 5,447 5,467 5,484 Net New Supply 3 272 198 147 188 188 158 136 132 133 141 140 139 New Entrants 112 114 114 113 112 112 111 110 109 109 108 108 106 International 437 2,021 34 20 33 34 31 25 24 25 26 26 30-27 539 19 17 28 21 9 3 7 12 15 15 13 Labour Force -519-2,402 31-3 15 21 7-2 -8-13 -8-9 -10 Average Age 42 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Supply Lag Fewer jobs Count too small Moving in High Medium Medium Medium High Medium International Reliance Extreme Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High High High High High High High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 18

BC, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 4,608 4,804 4,868 5,025 5,211 5,310 5,349 5,342 5,325 5,317 5,291 5,282 5,288 Expansion Demand -199 204 63 160 191 100 37-11 -22-11 -31-13 2 Replacement Demand 146 138 105 107 109 112 115 116 118 119 121 122 123 Job Openings -52 342 168 267 300 212 152 106 96 108 90 109 126 Net New Positions - 196 64 157 186 99 39-7 -17-8 -26-9 6 Labour Force Supply 4,904 5,037 5,129 5,235 5,381 5,479 5,530 5,540 5,531 5,526 5,516 5,518 5,529 Net New Supply 3 272 198 212 255 209 166 127 109 114 111 124 134 New Entrants 112 114 114 114 114 115 114 113 111 111 110 108 107 International 437 2,021 34 37 42 36 31 15-4 5 2 19 29-27 539 19 44 64 40 17 3 0 1 0 5 8 Labour Force -519-2,402 31 17 35 18 4-4 2-3 -1-8 -10 Average Age 42 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 Supply Lag Fewer jobs Count too small Moving in No No High High High International Reliance Extreme Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium None Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High High High High High High High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 19

Alberta, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Oversupplied Employment 5,775 6,047 6,064 5,791 5,755 5,826 5,937 6,061 6,154 6,233 6,319 6,389 6,446 Expansion Demand 100 283 17-283 -38 74 116 128 97 83 89 73 60 Replacement Demand 120 125 130 135 133 133 135 137 139 141 142 143 144 Job Openings 221 409 147-149 95 207 251 266 236 223 231 216 204 Net New Positions - 272 17-273 -36 71 111 124 93 79 86 70 57 Labour Force Supply 5,994 6,245 6,381 6,215 6,160 6,190 6,266 6,362 6,451 6,538 6,632 6,715 6,787 Net New Supply 177 376 266-31 78 163 211 233 227 228 237 226 216 New Entrants 135 139 139 134 130 129 130 131 133 136 141 143 145 International 35 176 20 122 81 33 46 45 40 41 48 52 55 28 139 45-53 -62-10 18 43 52 56 58 50 36 Labour Force -21-78 62-234 -71 11 17 14 2-5 -10-19 -20 Average Age 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 4 4 3 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 Moving in Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Supply Lag High High High High High High Medium International Reliance Medium High No New Supply Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High Loss of Experience Medium High High Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 20

Alberta, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Oversupplied Employment 5,775 6,047 6,064 5,830 5,817 5,904 6,024 6,159 6,261 6,349 6,430 6,490 6,537 Expansion Demand 100 283 17-243 -14 90 125 141 106 92 84 62 49 Replacement Demand 120 125 130 135 134 134 136 138 140 141 143 144 145 Job Openings 221 409 147-108 120 224 261 278 246 234 227 206 194 Net New Positions - 272 17-234 -13 87 120 135 102 88 81 60 47 Labour Force Supply 5,994 6,245 6,381 6,238 6,198 6,238 6,319 6,422 6,515 6,609 6,701 6,778 6,842 Net New Supply 177 376 266-9 93 174 216 240 234 235 235 221 209 New Entrants 135 139 139 134 131 130 131 132 134 138 142 145 146 International 35 176 20 28 251 35 47 48 44 45 49 50 49 28 139 45-8 -159-7 19 43 52 56 55 45 33 Labour Force -21-78 62-163 -130 16 19 17 4-4 -11-19 -19 Average Age 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 4 4 3 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Moving in Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Supply Lag High High High High High High Medium International Reliance Medium High No New Supply Extreme Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Loss of Experience Medium High High Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 21

Alberta, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 5,775 6,047 6,064 5,919 5,962 6,061 6,172 6,291 6,369 6,448 6,496 6,542 6,578 Expansion Demand 100 283 17-151 45 103 116 124 81 82 50 47 38 Replacement Demand 120 125 130 135 23 29 36 45 54 63 72 81 89 Job Openings 221 409 147-16 68 132 152 169 135 144 122 128 127 Net New Positions - 272 17-145 43 99 111 119 78 79 48 46 36 Labour Force Supply 5,994 6,245 6,381 6,290 6,290 6,342 6,419 6,513 6,590 6,675 6,749 6,815 6,870 Net New Supply 177 376 266 42 23 81 113 139 132 147 145 147 145 New Entrants 135 139 139 135 132 132 133 134 136 139 143 145 147 International 35 176 20 7,679-93 -25-9 2-2 4 1 1-2 28 139 45-22 18-4 -5 2-2 4 1 1-1 Labour Force -21-78 62-7,750-34 -22-6 1 0 0 0 0 1 Average Age 40 40 40 33 34 35 35 36 37 37 38 38 39 Market Tightness 4 4 3 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 Moving in Fewer jobs Supply Lag High High High High High High International Reliance Medium High Extreme None None None None None Loss of Experience Medium High Medium Medium Medium Medium High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 22

Saskatchewan, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 1,263 1,296 1,224 1,181 1,176 1,204 1,240 1,253 1,250 1,241 1,239 1,239 1,243 Expansion Demand 117 35-76 -45-5 29 38 14-4 -9-2 0 4 Replacement Demand 19 20 20 20 19 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Job Openings 136 55-56 -25 14 46 56 34 17 13 21 24 29 Net New Positions - 33-72 -43-5 28 36 13-3 -9-2 0 4 Labour Force Supply 1,294 1,329 1,281 1,242 1,240 1,265 1,298 1,311 1,308 1,302 1,300 1,299 1,302 Net New Supply 116 55-28 -20 16 43 51 34 19 15 22 24 28 New Entrants 33 33 31 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 International 66 111-31 13 255 11 13 4-18 -47-16 -11-4 2-17 11-6 -171-7 -5 0 0 1 2 2 1 Labour Force 15-72 -39-56 -97 10 13 0 7 31 5 2 0 Average Age 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 39 39 39 Market Tightness 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 High Fewer jobs Fewer jobs No No Supply Lag High Medium High Medium International Reliance Extreme Extreme No New Supply No New Supply Extreme High High Medium None None None None None Loss of Experience Medium High Medium Medium High High High High High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 23

Saskatchewan, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 1,263 1,296 1,224 1,213 1,234 1,248 1,271 1,276 1,270 1,261 1,255 1,255 1,259 Expansion Demand 117 35-76 -11 22 14 24 6-7 -9-6 -1 5 Replacement Demand 19 20 20 20 15 16 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 Job Openings 136 55-56 8 37 30 41 24 12 12 17 23 30 Net New Positions - 33-72 -11 21 14 23 5-6 -9-6 0 4 Labour Force Supply 1,294 1,329 1,281 1,268 1,288 1,302 1,322 1,328 1,324 1,317 1,311 1,310 1,313 Net New Supply 116 55-28 7 34 30 38 24 14 13 18 22 28 New Entrants 33 33 31 30 30 30 31 30 30 30 31 31 31 International 66 111-31 333 5 0 6-9 -50-100 -55-19 -4 2-17 11-109 -2 0-1 1 10 35 25 9 2 Labour Force 15-72 -39-247 1 0 2 2 24 48 17 1-1 Average Age 36 36 36 35 36 36 36 37 37 38 39 39 39 Market Tightness 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 High Fewer jobs No Supply Lag High High High High Medium Medium International Reliance Extreme Extreme No New Supply Extreme Medium None Medium None None None None None None Loss of Experience Medium High Medium Medium Medium High High High High High High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 24

Saskatchewan, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 1,263 1,296 1,224 1,236 1,301 1,340 1,359 1,366 1,353 1,333 1,291 1,275 1,270 Expansion Demand 117 35-76 12 68 41 20 8-14 -21-43 -17-5 Replacement Demand 19 20 20 20 20 22 23 24 24 28 27 26 26 Job Openings 136 55-56 32 88 62 43 31 10 7-17 9 21 Net New Positions - 33-72 12 65 39 19 7-13 -20-42 -16-5 Labour Force Supply 1,294 1,329 1,281 1,286 1,342 1,378 1,397 1,405 1,396 1,381 1,349 1,334 1,330 Net New Supply 116 55-28 24 76 58 42 32 15 13-6 13 22 New Entrants 33 33 31 30 31 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 International 66 111-31 -11 21 18 11 0-140 67 26-39 726 2-17 11 3-1 4 3 0-9 -15-16 37-711 Labour Force 15-72 -39 2 25 4-4 0 132-71 -48-17 -25 Average Age 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 38 39 38 39 39 39 Market Tightness 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 High No Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Fewer jobs Supply Lag High High High Medium International Reliance Extreme Extreme No New Supply None High High High None None Extreme Loss of Experience Medium Medium Medium Medium High High High High High. No New Supply None Extreme Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 25

Manitoba, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Employment 1,371 1,373 1,414 1,429 1,432 1,442 1,460 1,470 1,480 1,513 1,525 1,536 1,550 Expansion Demand 6 2 43 16 2 11 19 11 10 34 13 11 15 Replacement Demand 39 39 38 39 39 39 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 Job Openings 45 41 81 55 41 49 57 49 48 72 51 49 54 Net New Positions - 2 41 15 3 10 18 10 10 33 12 11 14 Labour Force Supply 1,429 1,431 1,474 1,488 1,495 1,507 1,526 1,540 1,551 1,581 1,595 1,604 1,615 Net New Supply 55 41 81 53 45 51 56 53 49 69 51 48 51 New Entrants 36 35 36 36 35 35 35 35 36 37 37 37 38 International 63 102 35 38 22 30 25 17 14 37 15 13 13-22 -44-18 -12-6 -7-7 -5-5 -15-7 -6-5 Labour Force -22-52 28-9 -6-7 3 6 4 10 6 4 5 Average Age 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 High Extreme Supply Lag Medium Medium Medium International Reliance Extreme Extreme High Extreme High Extreme High High High Extreme High High High Loss of Experience High High Medium High High High Medium High High Medium High High High. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 26

Manitoba, Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Extremely difficult Employment 1,371 1,373 1,414 1,435 1,444 1,461 1,482 1,496 1,507 1,542 1,554 1,565 1,580 Expansion Demand 6 2 43 22 10 17 22 14 12 36 13 11 15 Replacement Demand 39 39 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 Job Openings 45 41 81 61 48 56 61 52 50 75 52 50 54 Net New Positions - 2 41 21 9 17 21 14 11 35 12 11 15 Labour Force Supply 1,429 1,431 1,474 1,491 1,502 1,520 1,541 1,558 1,571 1,602 1,616 1,627 1,638 Net New Supply 55 41 81 56 50 56 60 56 51 71 54 49 50 New Entrants 36 35 36 36 35 35 36 36 36 37 38 38 38 International 63 102 35 35 24 31 26 20 16 41 18 15 15-22 -44-18 -11-6 -7-7 -7-6 -20-9 -8-7 Labour Force -22-52 28-4 -3-3 5 7 5 13 7 4 4 Average Age 41 41 41 41 41 41 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 High Extreme Supply Lag High Medium High International Reliance Extreme Extreme High Extreme High Extreme High High High Extreme High High High Loss of Experience High High Medium Medium High Medium Medium High High Medium High High High. High Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 27

Manitoba, High Investment Scenario Hiring y Index Extremely difficult Employment 1,371 1,373 1,414 1,439 1,453 1,475 1,501 1,519 1,533 1,571 1,581 1,591 1,603 Expansion Demand 6 2 43 26 14 23 27 19 15 39 11 10 13 Replacement Demand 39 39 38 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 Job Openings 45 41 81 65 53 62 66 58 54 78 50 50 53 Net New Positions - 2 41 25 14 22 26 18 14 38 10 10 12 Labour Force Supply 1,429 1,431 1,474 1,493 1,506 1,527 1,551 1,572 1,587 1,622 1,636 1,646 1,658 Net New Supply 55 41 81 58 53 60 63 59 54 75 53 50 52 New Entrants 36 35 36 36 36 36 36 36 37 38 38 38 39 International 63 102 35 34 24 31 28 22 18 44 21 19 18-22 -44-18 -11-7 -9-10 -9-8 -21-10 -8-6 Labour Force -22-52 28-1 0 2 9 10 7 14 4 1 1 Average Age 41 41 41 41 41 41 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Market Tightness 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 High Extreme Supply Lag High Medium Medium Medium International Reliance Extreme Extreme High Extreme High Extreme High High High Extreme High High High Loss of Experience High High Medium Medium High Medium Medium Medium High Medium High High High High Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technologists and Technicians (NOC 2241) 28