1 a. 1972 Clean Water Act b. potable c. point-source pollution d. recharge zone e. watershed e1.land that drains into a river d2.area above an aquifer b3.bottled water a4.law designed to improve water quality c5.leaking gasoline tank Multiple Choice 6. Three percent of the world s water resources are found as a. fresh water. c. icecaps and glaciers. b. salt water. d. groundwater. 7. Most of the pollutants in the ocean come from a. commercial boats and personal watercraft. b. spills from oil tankers. c. activities on land. d. leaking underground storage facilities. 8. The 1990 Oil Pollution Act requires that all a. underground storage facilities be constructed of composite materials. b. tankers in U.S. waterways be double hulled by the year 2015. c. oil used in the United States be recycled. d. leaking underground storage facilities be repaired in 90 days. 9. The largest watershed in the United States is the a. Mississippi River. c. Colorado River. b. Yukon River. d. Rio Grande. 10. During the water treatment process, what is the purpose of adding chlorine to water? a. to remove large debris b. to form flocs c. to kill or limit bacterial growth d. to remove unwanted gases 11. How is fresh water used in industry? a. in manufacturing processes b. in the disposal of waste products c. to generate power d. all of the above
2 12. Many areas of the world that do not have adequate fresh water have become habitable because a. rainfall patterns have changed. b. water management projects have diverted water to the area. c. icebergs have been towed in to provide fresh water. d. people have practiced water conservation. 13. Fresh water is a limited resource because a. most water is polluted. b. most surface water contains salt. c. it is controlled by powerful governments. d. dams have limited the flow of fresh water. 14. Which of the following is one way a person can conserve water? a. take a long bath instead of a shower b. wash laundry in small, partial loads c. use a low-flow shower head to take short showers. d. water the lawn daily and at mid-day 15. Which of the following is a source of nonpoint-pollution? a. unlined landfill b. polluted waste-water from a chemical plant c. leaking oil tanker d. runoff from agricultural feedlots 16. Parasitic worms would be classified as which type of water pollutant? a. pathogen b. organic matter c. inorganic chemicals d. heavy metals
3 17. Polluted groundwater is difficult to clean because a. groundwater is deep in the ground and dispersed through large areas of rock. b. pollutants cling to the materials that make up the aquifer and contaminate the clean water. c. the recycling process of groundwater can take hundreds or thousands of years. d. All of the above Matching A. pathogen C. artificial eutrophication D. eutrophication E. residential and industrial B. thermal pollution d18.accelerated build-up of nutrients a19.bacteria c20.phosphates in laundry detergent e21.global uses of fresh water b22.results in an increase of water temperature 23. Point-source pollution and nonpoint-source pollution differ in a. the kind of biological agents causing the pollution. b. whether the source of pollution is agricultural or industrial. c. the number of sources from which the pollution is discharged. d. whether the pollutants are chemical or physical agents. 24. Fertilizers are classified as which kind of water pollutant? a. organic chemicals c. heavy metals b. inorganic chemicals d. physical agents 25. Which Act strengthened the laws against dumping waste in U.S. waters? a. Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act b. Clean Water Act c. Water Quality Act d.both (a) and (b)
4 Matching a. soot from smoke b. ground-level ozone c. VOCs d. scrubber e. electrostatic precipitator c 26. organic chemicals that vaporize readily e 27. works by giving dust particles an electrical charge a 28. primary pollutant d 29. works by dissolving pollutants in water b 30. secondary pollutant 31. All of the following are primary air pollutants except a. carbon monoxide. b. nitric acid. c. sulfur oxides. d. VOCs. 32. Which of the following industries is the largest producer of primary air pollutants in the United States? a. electricity production b. healthcare c. transportation d. agriculture 33. Temperature inversions work to trap pollution when a. cool air above keeps warmer air at the surface from moving upward. b. cool air above keeps warmer air at the surface from absorbing solar radiation. c. warm air above keeps cooler air at the surface from absorbing solar radiation. d. warm air above keeps cooler air at the surface from moving upward. 34. The following ailments are long-term effects of air pollution except a. emphysema. b. lung cancer. c. headaches. d. heart disease.
5 35. Light pollution can be decreased by a. directing lighting downward. b. lighting billboards from below. c. using incandescent light bulbs. d. increasing the number of lights per block on a city street. 36. Acid precipitation can be traced back to a. the burning of fossil fuels. b. the use of electrostatic precipitators. c. thermal inversions. d. the release of particulate matter into the atmosphere. 37. When the acidity of soil increases, a. the ph reaches levels as high as 7.0 to 9.0. b. some nutrients are dissolved and washed away. c. the number of bacteria increases as well. d. Both (a) and (b) 38. Acid shock can be treated by a. decreasing the ph of the affected water to 2.0. b. pouring sulfuric acid into the affected water. c. adding powdered aluminum to the effected water. d. adding powdered lime to the affected water. 39. Acid precipitation can lead to all of the following except a. a decrease in a community s standard of living. b. an increase in respiratory ailments. c. an increase of aquatic biodiversity. d. a destruction of historic monuments. 40. The 1991 Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement is meant to a. reduce the acidic emission flowing across the Canada-U.S. boundary. b. increase the use of alternative fuel sources. c. set up a joint meteorological research council. d. protect the ozone layer
6 Matching A. noise pollution B. ozone C. sick-building syndrome D. asbestos E. light pollution b 41. involved in the formation of smog a 42. can lead to stress and high blood pressure d 43. can lead to difficulty breathing and heart failure c 44. can lead to allergic reactions to fungi and mold e 45. leads to energy waste 46. Long-term, prevailing weather conditions at a particular place a. latitude b. westerlies c. sulfur dioxide d. climate e. density 47. A possible consequence to humans from a thinning ozone layer a. polar vortex b. chlorofluorocarbons c. skin cancer d. ozone layer e. phytoplankton 48. A gas that can reach the upper atmosphere after a large-scale volcanic eruption a. latitude b. westerlies c. sulfur dioxide d. climate e. density
7 49. An increase in Earth s average temperature, resulting from increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere a. carbon dioxide b. zooplankton c. Mauna Loa, Hawaii d. computer model e. global warming 50. Single-celled organisms that live near the ocean s surface a. polar vortex b. chlorofluorocarbons c. skin cancer d. ozone layer e. phytoplankton 51. A greenhouse gas released from burning fossil fuels a. carbon dioxide b. zooplankton c. Mauna Loa, Hawaii d. computer model e. global warming 52. Is greater for cold air, causing cold air to sink below warm air a. latitude b. westerlies c. sulfur dioxide d. climate e. density 53. A part of the stratosphere that absorbs most of the ultraviolet light from the sun a. polar vortex b. chlorofluorocarbons c. skin cancer d. ozone layer e. phytoplankton 54. A complex set of equations that account for many factors and require a great number of computations to solve a. carbon dioxide b. zooplankton c. Mauna Loa, Hawaii d. computer model e. global warming
8 55. A class of human-made chemicals that may damage the ozone layer a. polar vortex b. chlorofluorocarbons c. skin cancer d. ozone layer e. phytoplankton 56. A belt of prevailing winds a. latitude b. westerlies c. sulfur dioxide d. climate e. density 57. Tiny, shrimp-like animals that many other marine animals depend on for food a. carbon dioxide b. zooplankton c. Mauna Loa, Hawaii d. computer model e. global warming 58. During summer in the Southern Hemisphere, the Northern Hemisphere experiences a. a tilt toward the sun.. b. winter. c. summer d. excess rainfall. 59. Scientists estimate that a single chlorine molecule in the CFC structure can destroy as many as ozone molecules. a. 100 b. 1,000 c. 10,000 d. 100,000 60. Which of the following will require most developed countries to decrease emissions of Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases? a. Montreal Protocol b. Kyoto Protocol c. Emissions Reduction Act d. Reforestation Project
9 61. Most of the warming that has been observed over the 20th century can be attributed to a. human activity.. b. plant growth. c. glacial melting d. droughts. 62. As the amount of ozone in the stratosphere decreases, a. more ultraviolet light is able to reach Earth s surface. b. less solar energy is able to reach Earth s surface. c. the amount of methane in the atmosphere increases. d. the amount of phytoplankton in the ocean increases. 63. Because water, ocean currents have a great effect on climate. a. moves more slowly than air b. stays colder than air c. holds large amounts of heat d. cannot hold heat 64. Polar stratospheric clouds are high-altitude clouds made of a. ozone and CFCs. b. ozone and molecular chlorine. c. water and nitric acid. d. water and sulfuric acid. 65. Strong circulating winds over Antarctica a. polar vortex b. chlorofluorocarbons c. skin cancer d. ozone layer e. phytoplankton 66. Which of the following is not a damaging effect of ultraviolet light on the amphibian population? a. interference with photosynthesis b. death of eggs c. genetic mutations among survivors d. reduction of populations 67. Site where continuous CO2 records have been maintained since 1958 a. carbon dioxide b. zooplankton c. Mauna Loa, Hawaii d. computer model e. global warming
10 68. The attempt to slow global warming is made difficult by a. economic factors. b. political factors. c. social factors. d. All of the above 69. During an El Niño event, winds in the western Pacific Ocean strengthen and push eastward. a. warm air b. cold air c. warm water d. cold water 70. Which of the following is not a major greenhouse gas? a. water vapor b. carbon dioxide c. sulfur d. methane 71. The pattern of determines Earth s precipitation pattern. a. global atmospheric circulation b. solar activity c. volcanic eruptions d. All of the above 72. High ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels at Earth s surface can a. produce CFCs. b. damage DNA. c. thin the ozone layer. d. change weather patterns. 73. In an area away from forests and cities, geochemist Charles David Keeling measured the amount of a. ozone in the air. b. oxygen in the air. c. nitrous oxide in the air. d. carbon dioxide in the air