THE TEN-T «GREENCRANES» PROJECT: a step ahead of innovation towards the «Extended Green Port» strategies of the Livorno Port Authority in the energy, environment and gas sectors Valencia, 29 th May 2013 Francesco PAPUCCI Innovation & Technologies, Livorno Port Authority f.papucci@porto.livorno.it Consortium:
CONTENTS 1. PORT OF LIVORNO GENERAL OVERVIEW 2. PORT OF LIVORNO GREEN STRATEGIES 3. ENERGY & GAS IN THE PORT OF LIVORNO A. LPG B. LNG C. GREENCRANES PILOTS GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 2
1. Port of Livorno Overview Geographical Location and TEN-T Core Network Livorno GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 3
1. West Med Route: Morocco Livorno 2. Gateway Port (i.e. North Tyrrhenian Multi-Port Gateway) 3. Northern Italy (Milan Turin Economic Core Region) 4. Central- Eastern Europe 5. Eastern Europe 6. West Med Mos 7. West Med Eastern Europe Land Bridge 8. North/South America Main Routes passing through Livorno Port 4 5 3 7 6 2 8 1 Far East traffic GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 4
1. Port of Livorno Overview Transport Chain of the Livorno logistic platform GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 5
1. Port of Livorno Overview PORT OF LIVORNO MAIN INFRASTRUCTURES GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 6
1. Port of Livorno Overview TEN-T Corridor 1 Integration with high speed & high capacity node of Florence Motorways and rails ends directly inside the port terminals No spatial constraints (hills/mountains) Good weather conditions No densely inhabited areas around The Commercial Multi-purpose port GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 7
1. Port of Livorno Overview The Container Terminal 640.000 TEUs (2011) 8 Mtons of goods (2011) 1.5 km of quays 8 portainer cranes 8 transtainer cranes 22 reach stackers large fleet of handling vehicles Railway Terminal Refeer Area GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 8
1. Port of Livorno Overview The Ro-Ro Area Ro-Ro and Ro-Ro Pax National & EU Cabbotage 330.000 units 13.5 Mtons of goods GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 9
1. Port of Livorno Overview The freight village A. Vespucci 4 km away from the port of Livorno Direct road & rail connections 2.8 Million m2 Cargo consolidation with multimodal access Distribution Centres Packing firms Customs clearance Scanning area Railway terminal Florence Livorno Port Rail GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 10
1. Port of Livorno Overview The dry port il Faldo 470.000 units Maximum capacity of 25.000 cars Road & Rail access Fully Automated GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 11
1. Port of Livorno Overview the 2 nd Gas Facility in Europe Refineries & Oil Stock Areas Energy Power Station Chemical and Automotive groups The Industrial Area GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 12
1. Port of Livorno Overview The Reefer Terminal & Drybulk facilities 2.7 Mtons - General Cargo (fresh and frozen goods, forestry, paper) 1.2 Mtons - Dry Bulks (metals, minerals, grains) 8.6 Mtons Liquid Bulks GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 13
1. Port of Livorno Overview Shipyard and ship repairs facilities 500.000 m 2 Megayachts construction unit Yachts Service Centre Dry docks for ship maintenance Leisure port Residential area GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 14
1. Port of Livorno Overview 2 Millions ferry passengers p/y 400+ cruise ships 1 Million cruise passengers p/y The Cruise Terminal GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 15
1. Port of Livorno Overview Main Development Projects foreseen in the Port Master Plan 1. New Container Terminal 2. New large terminal for ro-ro & roro pax 3. New liquid bulk terminal 4. New connections with the inland waterways: Canale dello Scolmatore & Canale dei Navicelli 5. New rail connections 6. Gate integrations with inland ports 7. New dedicated security custom lanes seaport-inland port GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 16
CONTENTS 1. PORT OF LIVORNO GENERAL OVERVIEW 2. PORT OF LIVORNO GREEN STRATEGIES 3. ENERGY & GAS IN THE PORT OF LIVORNO A. LPG B. LNG C. GREENCRANES PILOTS GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 17
2. Livorno Port Green Strategies The strategic vision of Extended Green Port TM Green Port is the framework strategy adopted by the Livorno Port Authority in its Port Masterplan, devised to achieve at the same time improved efficiency and environmental sustainability during the implementation of all the port development actions. Extended Green Port provides guidelines for orienting the development policies design and realisation phases for an extended sector including not only the port but also port hinterland, logistic systems and surrounding territories. It has seven main axes: 1. Environment 2. Energy & Resources 3. Infrastructures & Services 4. Integration with surrounding territories 5. Port Knowledge and Innovation 6. Costs, Tariffs, Financial rules 7. Port and Maritime Traffic Management GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 18
2. Livorno Port Green Strategies Environment Reduction of acoustic, water and air pollution Management of standard and hazardous waste produced by ships and port areas Harmonization of port development and safeguarding coastlines Infrastructures & Services Energy & Resources Energy District policies for promoting a wide spread use of renewable sources Solutions for energy saving, port areas consumption monitoring, cold ironing Management and re-use of dredged materials Designing of new sustainable terminals and port facilities Decision Support Management systems for port infrastructures maintenance and control Telematic Services and Port Community Systems Port Access optimization Integration with territories Knowledge & Innovation Integrated Spatial Planning and harmonization of the port development with the surrounding territories and the Tuscan Region policies. Cooperation with Universities, Research Centers and Industries Strengthening the cooperation with Customs and Coastguard Promoting specialized degrees in logistics and port managem. Port-to-city integration and services for cruisers tourism National and European projects of high added value Implementing the ematitime european directive with coherent strategies Social Corporate Responsibility Promoting initiatives and investments in innovation GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Port Traffic Management Improving communication between port actors, at level B2A, A2B, A2A Page 19
2. Livorno Port Green Strategies 1. Environment 2. Energy & Resources 3. Infrastructure & Services Cooperation Protocol with the Italian Ministry of Infrastructures for IT & Innovation actions in the maritime transport sector Stakeholder participation in relevant projects as MIELE and COSTA Common actions with Tuscan Region for the implementation of TEN-T Corridor 1 and the Structuring of a multimodal mediterranean sub corridor with Bulgaria and Romania 4. Integration with territories Cooperation Agreements with Pisa University and Sant Anna School for Advanced Studies 5. Port Knowledge & Innovation TEN-T MOS4MOS project for developing Freight Traceability via TPCS 6. Costs, Tariffs & Financial Rules RFID techs. for Traceability of Ro-Ro Units 7. Port & Maritime Traffic Mgt. TEN-T GREENCRANES project for Port Energy Profile and project Pilots exploitation GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 20
CONTENTS 1. PORT OF LIVORNO GENERAL OVERVIEW 2. PORT OF LIVORNO GREEN STRATEGIES 3. ENERGY & GAS IN THE PORT OF LIVORNO A. LPG B. LNG C. GREENCRANES PILOTS GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 21
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno ENERGY RELATED POLICIES FOR THE PORT OF LIVORNO PUBLIC INVESTOR IN PORT GENERAL INTEREST INFRASTRUCTURES PORT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING AUTHORITY PORT MASTER PLAN IMPACT IN PORT ENERGY SECTOR Lowering the energetic dependency, making the use of energy more efficient and reducing the emission levels, could play an important role for the Livorno port future development. FROM ENERGY CONSUMER TO ENERGY PRODUCER GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 22
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno Carrying out effective actions useful and usable for getting closer to the following key elements: Creation and/or integration of small-scale renewable energy power plants ( Energy Districts and Smart Grids ), with particular focus on: Solar energy; Wind power; Green Quays; Wave energy; Solutions for increasing eco-save/eco-efficiency and real time monitoring of port energy consumptions; Fossil fuels needs analysis and studies/actions for their gradual substitution, with periodic updates of energy audits in the port operating companies; Integration of energy decisions with the Port of Livorno infrastructural development policy framework, with particular focus on energy and production networks safety, due to their proximity with urban areas. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 23
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno LIVORNO PORT MASTER PLAN And Extended Green Port FROM: now REGULATIONS MARPOL ANNEX VI 0.50% (max sulphur % by mass) FROM: 01.01.2020 Fuel Infrastructure Directive (COM 2013/18) LNG refuelling from each TENT Core Network Port FROM:??? GAS LPG FACILITY FROM: now LNG OFFSHORE FACILITY FROM: 2015 GREENCRANES PILOTS in progress NEXT STEP??? INFRASTRUCTURES GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 24
CONTENTS 1. PORT OF LIVORNO GENERAL OVERVIEW 2. PORT OF LIVORNO GREEN STRATEGIES 3. ENERGY & GAS IN THE PORT OF LIVORNO A. LPG B. LNG C. GREENCRANES PILOTS GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 25
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno Liquefied Petroleum Gas, also called LPG, GPL, LP Gas, liquid petroleum gas or simply propane or butane, is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases. It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer. When specifically used as a vehicle fuel it is often referred to as autogas. LPG is prepared by refining petroleum or "wet" natural gas, and is almost entirely derived from fossil fuel sources, being manufactured during the refining of petroleum (crude oil), or extracted from petroleum or natural gas streams as they emerge from the ground. It currently provides about 3% of all energy consumed, and burns relatively cleanly with no soot and very few sulfur emissions. As it is a gas, it does not pose ground or water pollution hazards, but it can cause air pollution. Its use is becoming widespread worldwide in several sectors: motor fuels, heating, refrigeration and cooking GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 26
LPG SUPPLY CHAIN 3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 27
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno COSTIERO GAS LIVORNO FACILITY PROFILE Is the most importan Italian LPG Storage Facility Is the only LPG underground storage in Italy Provides almost ¼ of the global italian LPG needs Can be refueled with Large LPG Carrier GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 28
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno UNDERGROUND LPG STORAGE FACILITY Costiero Gas S.p.A. is a company of ENI Group Costiero Gas Livorno S.p.A. is located inside the industrial canal, in an area characterized by both industrial and port settlements, including ENI Refinery The plant is built over an area of 106,000 squared meters The hazardous substance handled and stored inside the underground caves is LPG Commercial Propane (Mix. C) GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 29
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno COSTIERO GAS FACILITIES LOCATION The quay Rolling Stocks Loading items for road-tankers or rail-tankers Extraction Pumps GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 30
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno 1963: THE ONLY REMAINING PICTURE OF UNDERGROUND CAVE!!! MAX. CAPACITY 45.733 mc OPERATIONAL CAPACITY 33.915 mc 3D PROSPECTIVE ABOUT THE GROUP OF COSTIERO GAS CAVES GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 31
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno COSTIERO GAS AVAILABLE FACILITIES The COSTIERO GAS Plant includes: 11 loading points for road-tankers; 3 loading points for rail-tankers; 210 mt of private quay inside the industrial dock for unloading LPG Carriers; Pipeline for transfer & stock; Rolling stocks; 6 extraction and insertion pumps; 3 underground caverns with submersible pumps GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 32
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno 445 ktons IMPORT 2012 COSTIERO GAS FIGURES N 45 LPG Carrier N 1986 Rail-Tankers N 19.680 Road-Tankers N 2 Pipeline Transfer & Stock 446 ktons EXPORT GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 33
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno Bulk storage of LPG in red clay mined caves offers advantages such as: safety from the hazards of inflammable gas leakage, land economy, lower capital cost and lower operating costs compared to conventional pressurised spheres and refrigerated tanks, inherent safety over the above ground storage systems, safety from natural calamities and various forms of sabotage. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 34
CONTENTS 1. PORT OF LIVORNO GENERAL OVERVIEW 2. PORT OF LIVORNO GREEN STRATEGIES 3. ENERGY & GAS IN THE PORT OF LIVORNO A. LPG B. LNG C. GREENCRANES PILOTS GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 35
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is natural gas (mostly methane) in its liquid form, achieved by reaching temperatures of -161 C. The same amount of gas, in its liquefied status, occupies a volume 600 times smaller than in the gaseous state. A single LNG Carrier Ship can contain large quantities of gas, making transportation economically viable. One LNG carrier can transport about 130,000 cubic metres of LNG, equivalent to about 80 million cubic metres of the product in its gaseous form. Huge potentialities of global level trading through storage facilities and ships that are specially designed to tolerate low temperatures. Although production costs are among the highest of any fossil fuel, technological improvements have reduced costs by 35-50% over the last 10 years. As a result, the LNG market is expected to double in size by 2015 to more than 40% of the world s natural gas supply, compared to 26% in 2005. Almost 90% of the world s potential natural gas reserves are beyond pipeline export reach, indicating an enormous potential demand for LNG technology. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 36
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno LNG TECHNOLOGY & RE-GASIFICATION LNG EXPORT TERMINAL LNG SEA TRANSPORT LNG IMPORT TERMINAL Regasification is a system that converts methane gas into a liquid form in the producer countries so it can be transported by ship to the consumer countries where it is regasified, i.e. brought back to its gaseous state and introduced into the normal distribution networks. The regasification process is obtained by introducing the gas into a heat exchanger where a warmer liquid flows, normally seawater at natural temperature, heats the LNG bringing it back to the gaseous state. Transport by sea is an advantageous alternative allowing gas to be bought freely throughout the world without being tied to a gas pipeline connection. This allows consumer countries to be supplied regardless of existing gas pipeline networks GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 37
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno THE OLT OFFSHORE LNG TOSCANA TERMINAL OLT Offshore LNG Toscana S.p.A. is the company that has supported the regasification terminal project and holds the permits needed for the construction and running of the floating storage and regasification plant ( FSRU Toscana ) which will be positioned 22 km offshore the Tuscan coast in front of Livorno and Pisa. E.ON Ruhrgas (46.79%) Is the global Unit of the E.ON Group, one of the main private energy groups and gas company managing the gas business at the pan-european level. The company, with about 3.200 employees, is active throughout the value chain of the gas, from exploration and production, to transport and storage, till sale. IREN Group (46.79%) (which includes the share of 5.08% belonging to ASA Livorno) Is a multi-utility operating in electricity production, trading and sale, heat energy for district heating (production and sale), gas (supplying, distribution and sale), water mana-gement and supply; environmental services and waste treatment and disposal. GOLAR LNG (2.69%) Ship-owner specialized in the management of LPG carrier and LNG tanker fleets, and belonging to the Fredriksen group (owner of the largest oil tanker fleet in the world) and OLT Energy Toscana S.p.A. (3.73%) the company that originally developed the project. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 38
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno OLT OFFSHORE LNG LOCATION The Toscana offshore regasification plant comprises an LNG carrier that has been suitably modified and is permanently anchored about 22 km offshore between Livorno and Pisa. The gas will be transferred onshore through a 36 km long pipeline, (29 km at sea, 5 km in the floodway and 2 km on dry land). The gas pipeline will be completely buried at a minimum depth of 2 metres. The location of the regasification terminal was chosen at national level because Livorno is a suitable port to support the unit s activities. Livorno is also located in a strategic procurement area near to the territories where the gas is mostly used. Tuscany is in fact one of the regions that uses large quantities of gas with an annual consumption of about 4 billion cubic metres. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 39
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno THE FLOATING TERMINAL The OLT Offshore LNG Toscana project provides for the conversion of an LNG carrier (Golar Frost) into a floating unit permanently anchored about 22 km off the coast, invisible from dry land, which will transform the liquid natural gas (LNG) back to its normal gaseous state. The unit will be firmly anchored to the seabed through six anchors with a single rotation point at the bow to permit the ship to move around the anchoring adapting to the weather and sea conditions without repercussions to its activity. At full stretch the unit will have a regasification capacity of 3.75 billion cubic metres a year (about 4% of the national requirement), an average regasification capacity of 11 million cubic metres a day and a storage capacity of 137,500 cubic metres of liquefied natural gas (LNG). GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 40
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno THE PROCESS UNLOADING OF THE LNG AND STORAGE IN THE REGASIFIER S TANKS: in this operating stage, the gas carriers used for transporting the liquefied gas (LNG) berth alongside the unit aided by tugs. The LNG is taken from the ships via four mobile arms and poured into the regasifier s four spherical tanks. REGASIFICATION: THE LNG IS BROUGHT BACK TO ITS GASEOUS STATE: the stored LNG is then put into heat exchangers to heating the LNG bringing it back to the gaseous state. SENDING THE GAS TO THE NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: the gas is taken to a depth of 120 metres via a flexible pipeline where it reaches the inlet structure of a 29.5 km long sealine, which belongs to the national distribution system. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 41
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno THE OLT OFFSHORE LNG TOSCANA SOME NUMBERS Ship-terminal main features: Length 288.6 meters, width 48 meters, high 26.5 meters Mooring of LNG carriers with a capacity between 65.000 and 138.000 cubic meters 12 miles (about 22 km): Terminal distance from the coast - no visual impact 3.75: billion of LNG cubic meters per year supplied by the plant (4% of national gas requirement) 36.5 km: total pipeline length (29.5 km at sea and 7 km on dry land) 6 meter: pipeline depth 4 billion of LNG cubic meters used by Toscana Region 7 billion of LNG cubic meters Toscana Region use expected for next 2/3 years 7%: LNG market worldwide growth 600 million euro: projectʼs global investment GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 42
CONTENTS 1. PORT OF LIVORNO GENERAL OVERVIEW 2. PORT OF LIVORNO GREEN STRATEGIES 3. ENERGY & GAS IN THE PORT OF LIVORNO A. LPG B. LNG C. GREENCRANES PILOTS GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 43
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS IN THE PORT OF LIVORNO CONTAINER TERMINAL PROCESSES ANALYSIS SUBSYSTEM SUBSYSTEMS S DEFINITION DEFINITION EQUIPMENTS OPERATION TYPE CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS Delivery / Reception Subsystem H. Transport Subsystem Yard Subsystem Loading / Unloading Subsystem SUBSYSTEMS OPERATION TYPE IMPORT EXPORT TRANSHIPMENT GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 44
Gate Terminal RTG Reach Stacker Empties Forklift Stacking Area RTG Reach Stacker Empties Forklift Yard Tractor Berth STS Crane Vessel 3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno GENERIC EXPORT PROCESS In the case of trucks, the process starts with the entrance to the terminal through the PCT gates. In this stage the truck driver presents at the gate the transport order to deliver the container. This information can be processed by different technologies such as bar codes, RFID tags, etc. Land Operative Housekeeping Maritime Operative With this information the PCT Terminal Operating System (TOS) provides the location (a position in a certain stacking area) within the terminal yard where the truck must go to deliver the container. (1) (2) (4) (5) (6) The container delivery is usually carried out by means of a RTG (1), but it can also be done using a reach stacker (2), or even with an empty container forklift (3), in the case that the export container is empty. In the three cases the container is placed in a stacking area (4), being positioned in a container block ready to be transported to the berth. (3) When the container is ready to be loaded in a vessel, the container is placed in a yard tractor using again a RTG, a reach stacker or a empty containers forklift, although the most common case is the use of the RTG for this operation. Delivery / Reception Sub-System Yard Sub-System Horizontal Transport Sub-System Loading / Unloading Sub-System Then, the container is transported by the yard tractor (5) to the berth area where a STS crane lifts the container and loads it on the vessel (6). It is important to remark that the use of RTGs in the delivery/reception and yard sub-systems is much more relevant in terms of horizontal transport movements percentage than reach stackers and forklifts. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 45
Gate Terminal RTG Reach Stacker Empties Forklift Stacking Area RTG Reach Stacker Empties Forklift Yard Tractor Berth STS Crane Vessel 3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno GENERIC IMPORT PROCESS Land Operative Housekeeping Maritime Operative (5) (2) (6) (3) (1) (4) Delivery / Reception Sub-System Yard Sub-System Horizontal Transport Sub-System Loading / Unloading Sub-System The STS crane unloads the container and places it on the yard tractor (1), which transports it to the stacking area, where a RTG (4) picks it up (another possibility is the unload with a reach stacker (3) or even with an empty container forklift (2), in the case that the container is empty). Then, the container is placed in the assigned stacking pile provided by the TOS. At the same time the yard tractor returns to the berth area in order to start the same cycle with another container. In the maritime operative, yard tractors are interrelated with STS cranes at the berth and RTGs at the yard, being a critical aspect the continuous availability of yard tractors at the berth, in order to keep working the STS cranes without idle times. Once the container is stored in the stacking area (5), the land operative starts with the unloading of the container by a RTG (most of the times), a reach stacker or an empty container forklift. In this case, instead of loading the container in a yard tractor, it is loaded directly in an empty road truck (6) or in a train. The most common situation is the load of the container by a RTG in a road truck which enters in the terminal empty and waits in an assigned position, although other combinations of loading and transport take place, especially in the case of import containers which exit the terminal by train. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 46
Vessel STS Crane Berth Yard Tractor RTG Reach Stacker Empties Forklift Stacking Area RTG Reach Stacker Empties Forklift Yard Tractor Berth STS Crane Vessel 3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno TRANSHIPMENT In transhipment, the container which arrives at the terminal by vessel is unloaded by the STS crane and placed in a yard tractor (1). Maritime Operative Housekeeping Maritime Operative The yard tractor transports the container to the transhipment stacking area (5), where it is placed in an assigned position by means of a RTG (4), a reach stacker (3) or an empty container forklift (2). (7) (6) (2) (5) (3) (4) Delivery / Reception Sub-System Yard Sub-System Horizontal Transport Sub-System Loading / Unloading Sub-System (1) The container remains stored in the transhipment stacking area until another vessel comes and the maritime operative is again ready. In this moment, the cycle starts again with the unloading of the container using a RTG, reach stacker or empty container forklift, placed in a yard tractor (6) and transported to the berth side in order to load it on the vessel (7). GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 47
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno HOUSEKEEPING OPERATIONS The housekeeping operative is common in all port container terminals and it is associated to each type of traffic (export, import and transhipment). The housekeeping supports the land and maritime operatives, allowing more efficient processes with less time-consuming. The housekeeping consists of the re-location of containers in the export, import and transhipment stacking areas in order to prepare the operations for the loading and unloading of containers into the vessels, trucks and trains. It is normally developed at nights, when the work intensity is lower in the delivery and reception of containers. The housekeeping can be performed in any place of the terminal, and all the equipment and subsystems of the terminal can be involved in. In this manner, a cycle between RTGs, reach stackers and yard platforms is defined in order to transport containers from some container blocks to others. In general, the housekeeping is developed in order to facilitate the maritime operative, although it is also possible to perform housekeeping for the land operative. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 48
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno PCT s TYPICAL EQUIPMENTS 1. STS, Ship-to-Shore Gantry Crane 2. RTG, Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane 3. SC, Straddle Carrier 4. RS, Reach Stacker 5. TT, Terminal Tractor 2 4 1 3 5 GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 49
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION 2011 PORT OF VALENCIA - NOATUM TERMINAL 2011 (kwh) STS Cranes 6.510.256 Terminal Lightning 2.438.803 Offices 1.061.346 Reefer Containers 9.193.395 Total Terminal NCTV 19.203.799 PORT OF LIVORNO DARSENA TOSCANA 2011 (kwh) STS Cranes 2.356.698 Terminal Lightning 1.229.174 Offices 923.628 Reefer Containers 4.633.337 Total Terminal TDT 9.151.837 PORT OF KOPER CONTAINER TERMINAL 2011 (kwh) STS Cranes 2.290.285 Terminal Lightning 1.127.639 Offices 178.413 Cathodic Protection 132.016 Other 251.605 Total Terminal Koper 5.350.325 Electrical Consumption 2011 (kwh) Electrical Consumption 2011 (kwh) 26% 34% 48% 5% 13% 51% 10% 13% STS Cranes Yard Lightning Offices Container Reefers STS Cranes Terminal Lightning Offices Reefer Containers GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 50
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno FUEL CONSUMPTION 2011 PORT OF VALENCIA - NOATUM TERMINAL Fuel Consumption 2011 (litres) RTGs 3.857.979 Terminal Tractors 1.989.317 Reach Stackers 193.547 Empty Forklifts 62.402 Total Terminal NCTV 6.103.445 PORT OF LIVORNO - DARSENA TOSCANA Fuel Consumption 2011 (litres) RTGs 380.850 Internal Tractors 85.979 External Tractors 308.180 Reach Stackers 552.203 Forklifts 21.359 Total Terminal TDT 1.348.571 PORT OF KOPER - CONTAINER TERMINAL Fuel Consumption 2011 (litres) RTGs 783.847 Reach Stackers 474.867 Empty Containers 158.911 Forklifts 4.264 Total Terminal Koper 1.422.249 Yard Machinery. Total Fuel Consumption NCTV 2011 Yard Machinery. Total Fuel Consumption TDT 2011 33% 3% 1% 63% 41% 2% 23% 28% 6% RTGs Yard Tractors Reach Stackers Empty Forklifts RTGs Internal Tractors External Tractors Reach Stackers ForkLifts GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 51
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION Carbon Footprint is an indicator for measuring the environmental impact of a certain activity in terms of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG). GHGs are gases present in the earth's atmosphere that reduce the loss of heat into space, as H2O vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide, (N20), and fluorinated gases. The approach used for its calculation on industrial installations is focused on their activities & processes provided during ordinary operations. The Carbon Footprint is determined taking as a reference the energy consumption of the terminal, disaggregated by type of energy source (electricity and fuels). For each type of energy source, emission coefficients are defined in order to obtain the GHG emissions produced at the consumer point derived from the use of each type of energy. The used methodology also considers the concept of "CO2 equivalent emissions" GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 52
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION VALENCIA LIVORNO KOPER GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 53
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno PORT ENERGY PROFILE CONCLUSIONS PORT CONTAINER TERMINALS ARE HUGE ENERGY CONSUMERS, ESPECIALLY ON THOSE ENERGY SOURCES BASED ON FOSSIL FUELS BIG PORT CONTAINER TERMINALS CAN BE DEFINED AS IMPORTANT GHG EMITTERS AT THE SAME LEVEL OF OTHER HEAVY INDUSTRIES EFFORTS TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION AND GHG EMISSIONS PRODUCED BY RTGS, YARD TRACTORS AND REACH STACKERS ARE STRONGLY RECOMMENDED Concerning social impact, port installations are usually located near populated cities and urban areas. This is the case of Livorno (and many other Mediterranean ports). Impact of port operations affects directly nearby population as direct GHG emissions (derived from diesel oil) are locally deployed, not only CO2, but also other pollutant and toxic gases like N20, Sulphur compounds and suspension particles. Although electricity does not produce direct environmental impact in terms of emissions at ports, its generation in power plants produce also indirect GHG which must be taken into account when describing the energy consumption maps of port container terminals. GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 54
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno FOLLOWING ACTIVITY: PORT OF LIVORNO PILOT EXPERIENCE The third pilot and demonstration of the GreenCranes project, to be held in the port of Livorno, will be based on the adaptation of a Reach Stacker vehicle to a different motorisation for reducing the environmental impact and the energy consumption. PILOT PHASES: Design of a Reach Stacker that adopts alternative environmental compatible fuelling (i.e. LNG or hydrogen cells) Integration and realisation of a prototype according to the design Functional testing of the prototype Pilot of the prototype and analysis of performance in a real PCT GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 55
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno H 2 with fuel cell Main Technical Issues ECO EFFICIENT FUEL ALTERNATIVES ASSESSMENT FOR REACH STACKERS (1) Tank NET volume 5 to 10 times actual Diesel tank Vehicle adaptation design and costs efforts Refueling station costs HI HI M Environmental Issues Zero Local Impact LO CNG Main Technical Issues Tank NET volume 4 times actual Diesel tank Vehicle adaptation design and costs efforts Refueling station costs HI M M Environmental Issues Lower emissions of particulate, non-methane hydrocarbon emissions, nitrogen oxides and GHG. LO GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 56
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno LNG SINGLE FUEL Main Technical Issues ECO EFFICIENT FUEL ALTERNATIVES ASSESSMENT FOR REACH STACKERS (2) Tank NET volume 1,5 times actual Diesel tank Vehicle adaptation design and costs efforts Refueling station costs Impact of «out of service» time M M M M Environmental Issues Lower emissions of particulate, non-methane hydrocarbon emissions, nitrogen oxides and GHG. LO Cost/Benefit Aspects Payback will be 5 years and IRR will be 25,79% LO GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 57
DUAL FUEL LNG/DIESEL Main Technical Issues Additional LNG tank 3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno ECO EFFICIENT FUEL ALTERNATIVES ASSESSMENT FOR REACH STACKERS (3) Vehicle adaptation design and costs efforts Refueling station costs Impact of «out of service» time LO LO M LO Environmental Issues Lower emissions of particulate, non-methane hydrocarbon emissions, nitrogen oxides and GHG. M Cost/Benefit Aspects Payback will be 7 years and IRR will be 11,89%. M DUAL FUEL LNG/DIESEL IS THE FINAL DECISION GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 58
3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno LIVORNO PORT MASTER PLAN And Extended Green Port FROM: now REGULATIONS MARPOL ANNEX VI 0.50% (max sulphur % by mass) FROM: 01.01.2020 Fuel Infrastructure Directive (COM 2013/18) LNG refuelling from each TENT Core Network Port FROM:??? GAS NEXT STEP!!! SHIPS & TRUCKS LNG REFUELLING STATION??? LPG FACILITY FROM: now LNG OFFSHORE FACILITY FROM: 2015 GREENCRANES PILOTS in progress INFRASTRUCTURES GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation Page 59
GREENCRANES, AN ACTION DEVELOPED THANKS TO: Consortium: