Construction and Demolition Diversion Capacity Study for Hennepin County Sustainable Practices for Minimizing Demolition Waste Solid Waste Management Coordinating Board Workshop March 31, 2017
Purpose of Study Collect accurate data on: C & D materials generated Rate of diversion Capacity for additional diversion Identify barriers and opportunities Baseline for policy discussions
Limitations Based on previous waste comp estimates Hennepin County does not issue building permits C & D recycling and disposal system privately owned proprietary information Minimal permit info from PCA and counties
C&D Waste Generation Twin Cities Metro Construction and Demolition Waste Generation tons/year 820,000 810,000 800,000 790,000 780,000 770,000 760,000 750,000 740,000 730,000 810,805 767,368 761,176 2011 2012 2013 C&D Waste Source: MPCA
Methods to Collect Data Past C & D studies in MN 2007 PCA, SWMCB, SWAA CD&I study PCA 2013 waste characterization study PCA staff estimations of C & D waste disposal Stakeholder interviews and site visits PCA, SWMCB and host county data Other web sites, Foth databases, other sources
C&D Waste Generation Residential Construction 6% C&D Waste Generation by Sector Nonresidential Demolition 39% Residential Renovation 22% Nonresidential Renovation 19% Residential Demolition 11% Nonresidential Construction 3% Source: US EPA
C&D Waste Profile Wood, 23% Electronic Wastes, 0.10% Roofing, 17% Glass, 1% Dirt/Fines, 16% Metals, 3% Textiles/ Carpet, 4% Paper, 4% Plastic, 4% Brick, 6% Hazardous Materials, 0.30% Concrete, 10% Other, 0.20% Sheetrock, 12% Source: Foth CD&I Study for SWMCB (2007)
C&D Waste Diversion Twin Cities Metro Construction and Demolition Waste Diversion 39% 40% 35% 30% 30% 22% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2011 2012 2013 Source: MPCA
C&D Waste Diversion Twin Cities Metro Shingles 22% C&D Waste Diverted by Material Type Metals 4% Concrete 55% Wood 17% Asphalt 2% Cardboard 0% Source: MPCA, 2013
Deconstruction 12 days to deconstruct an average sized home Higher cost than demolition Diverts up to 90% of building materials Currently only one organization actively providing the service
C&D Processors 5 C&D processors in the Twin Cities Diversion rate is 60-75% with ADC at full-time processors Diverting clean wood, aggregate, metals, cardboard, and shingles Currently only running 1 shift
Diversion Capacity Ample capacity to process more C&D waste Building reuse retail market has been somewhat stagnant but shows some signs of expansion Some materials are not currently being diverted, such as dirty wood waste and gypsum wallboard
Chicago/Cook County Strong building material reuse market Processors are diverting 60-80% of C&D materials Processors run 24 hours a day Strong shingles market and able to divert dirty wood waste Landfill distance greater influence than policies closes landfills 100+ miles Most contractors are sending mixed C&D waste to processors rather than sorting onsite Brick is being counted for 5% reuse requirement
Key Findings The price of construction and demolition landfilling is around $40 per ton in the metro area. Other studies have found that construction and demolition landfill disposal needs to be at least $50 per ton to incentivize higher diversion rates. There is ample facility capacity in the metro area to collect and process more construction and demolition waste. Diversion of high value and/or readily reusable residential building materials, including cabinets, fixtures and old growth wood, is generally not optimized, and a significant amount of these materials are being landfilled.
Key Findings There is a lack of awareness about retail outlets for reused building materials. Physical space to store and sell these materials is one of several barriers to growth of this market. Deconstruction can divert up to 90% of the waste material generated from residential building removal. On large commercial projects materials are often removed for reuse or recycling. Few contractors currently provide this service in the metro area for residential properties.
Recommendations Adopt county policy requiring all construction waste is processed by a processor that achieves at minimum, a 60% diversion rate Consider county-wide policy requiring processing Adopt county requirement to use recycled asphalt shingles in road mixes Support development of markets for dirty wood waste and gypsum Support development of markets for reused building materials Investigate further the cost-effectiveness of deconstruction Support further growth in the deconstruction market
www.hennepin.us/ solidwasteplanning Paul Kroening Paul.Kroening@hennepin.us 612-348-6358