Research t Practice (r2p) Radmap Guidance Dcument fr General Industry
Access the General Industry Radmap nline at http://lhp.rg/research-t-practice-r2p-radmap/ Access the Cnstructin-Specific Radmap nline at http://www.cpwr.cm/research/r2p-tls-radmaps 2014, CPWR The Center fr Cnstructin Research and Training. All rights reserved. CPWR is the research and training arm f Nrth America s Building Trades Unins, and wrks t reduce r eliminate safety and health hazards cnstructin wrkers face n the jb. Prductin f this dcument was supprted by Grant OH009762 frm the Natinal Institute fr Occupatinal Safety and Health (NIOSH). The cntents are slely the respnsibility f the authrs and d nt necessarily represent the fficial views f NIOSH. This general industry r2p Radmap is an adaptatin f a prduct develped as part f CPWR s Research t Practice (r2p) initiative, which aims t prmte research disseminatin and encurage widespread adptin f evidence-based safety and health slutins in cnstructin. CPWR cllabrates with The Natinal Institute fr Occupatinal Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupatinal Safety and Health Administratin (OSHA) thrugh the r2p Wrking Grup. 1
Research t Practice (r2p) Radmap Guidance Dcument fr General Industry We d research t imprve wrker safety and health. While research effrts typically include plans t ntify participants f the results and publish in the peer-reviewed literature, there are usually brader audiences that need t hear abut and act n research findings in rder t have an impact. The riginal researcher may be invlved in just a first step, effectively handing ff their results t thers, r in mving the prcess further dwn the rad tward safety and health gals. Planning fr disseminatin early in the research prcess prvides pprtunities t engage imprtant partners and shape the study t maximize the chance the findings and results will be taken up in the real wrld. A Research t Practice (r2p) Radmap can help researchers and their cllabratrs t envisin the imprvements t wrker safety and health their research aims t prmte and the steps that may be necessary t get there. We have designed this guidance dcument t be used with the Radmap Wrksheet t help lead yur research team thrugh the prcess f thinking thrugh yur research disseminatin jurney. The symbl indicates what yu will write n yur Wrksheet. 2
Part 1. Identifying the Purpse f Yur Trip & Determining Yur Destinatin In Part 1, yu will answer a series f questins that will allw yu t identify verall aims and audiences fr yur disseminatin effrts. 3
1A. What is yur carg? Cnsider: Think abut which f yur research results shuld be shared with thers wh can apply them t imprve wrkplace safety and health. Pick ne key finding r prduct f yur research that yu feel will be imprtant t disseminate. Interventin r findings t be disseminated. Nte: If there are a set f findings r interventins that shuld be disseminated tgether, yu can grup them as ne, as lng as they have the same target audiences. Otherwise, yu will want t create separate radmaps fr different findings. On Yur Wrksheet: Write dwn ne main finding r grup f findings n yur Radmap Wrksheet in Questin 1A. Tips: When thinking abut hw ready yur findings r interventins are fr disseminatin, cnsider: Hw strng are the findings? What is the strength f research design and results and are findings supprted by ther research? Hw large are the ptential impact and reach f the findings? What is the ptential impact n injury & illness preventin, the severity f the issue addressed, number f wrkers/trades/industry segments affected, etc.? Hw strng is the ptential fr effective partnerships fr the disseminatin effrt? Are there clear partners/stakehlders? Are partners likely t bring resurces t the effrt? 4
Hw achievable is the prpsed actin/interventin? Is the prpsed change an easy r hard ne? Is the interventin readily available? Can the interventin be "packaged" with ther interventins? D the findings address high pririty areas? D they address health inequities, NORA pririties, gaps in the field, make a unique cntributin, impact safety culture, make "upstream" change at the industry/cmmunity/scietal level, etc.? 5
1B. What is the directinal heading? Cnsider: What is the lng-term safety r health gal f yur research r interventin? Hw might yur findings imprve the safety and health f wrkers? What is a disseminatin gal that will be an imprtant step alng the way t the safety r health gal? Think abut what yu wrte in the significance sectin f yur prpsal. What is the prblem yur research addresses and hw big is the prblem? If yur findings r interventin were fully adpted in the field, what wuld be the ptential impact? Gals Even if the ptential impact n safety and health f this ne study alne may be limited, it is imprtant t have a visin fr change in rder t set ff in the right directin. On Yur Wrksheet: List a safety and health gal n yur Radmap Wrksheet in Questin 1B. List an intermediate disseminatin gal n yur Radmap Wrksheet that will help lead t the safety and health gal. Tips: Be as specific as pssible. Try t state what change will result and what the impact will be (e.g., apprximate size f reductin in injuries and illnesses r scpe f imprvements in safety and health cnditins/practices if pssible) and hw brad the impact may be (acrss an industry, a specific regin, a specific trade r sectr, etc.) Fr example: 6
Safety and Health gals: 1. The majrity f wrksites in the industry have implemented a new engineering cntrl t prtect wrkers. 2. There is a 50% decrease in related industry injuries ver time. Disseminatin gals: 1. The engineering cntrl develped thrugh research is cmmercially available. 2. There is widespread awareness f the efficacy and availability f the new cntrl in the industry. 7
1C. What is the pint f departure? Cnsider: Think abut what, if anything, yu have already dne r have already planned t reach and invlve yur target audience(s). What can yu d t package r frame yur findings r interventins s that they are accessible and appealing t target audiences? Disseminatin already cnducted Perhaps yur disseminatin plans have evlved since yu first described them in yur research prpsal. Cnsider hw they might be different nw than they were befre. On Yur Wrksheet: Describe what yu have already dne r are in the prcess f ding r planning t package r disseminate yur findings r interventin n yur Radmap Wrksheet in Questin 1C. If applicable, describe any changes yu have made t previus disseminatin plans. Tips: If yu have a specific interventin t disseminate, these are attributes that make slutins mre likely t be adpted and diffused: Relative advantage: Is the slutin better than what was there befre? Cmpatibility: Des the slutin fit with the intended audience? 8
Cmplexity: Is the slutin easy t use? Trialability: Can the slutin be tried befre making a decisin t adpt? Observability: Are the results f the slutin visible and easily measurable? (Frm Oldenburg and Glanz, 2008. Diffusin f Innvatins. In Health Behavir and Health Educatin.) 9
1D. Wh will be the recipient f yur carg? Cnsider: Think abut wh will need t knw abut and act n yur results. There are ging t be the peple yu ultimately want t reach and see using yur slutin r findings, such as emplyers r wrkers. We will call these audiences end users. There are als ging t be peple wh can influence yur end users. Cnsider thse wh make the key decisins affecting these ppulatins and thse wh can help reach, cnnect with, and influence yur ultimate target grup. We will call these audiences intermediaries. Intended users & target audiences On Yur Wrksheet: List up t 3 key audiences n yur Radmap Wrksheet in Questin 1D. They can be either end users r intermediaries. If yu have mre than key 3 audiences, yu can list them t revisit in the future. Fr this radmap activity, yu will fcus n up t 3 audiences. Tip: Use the list belw t help yu identify pssible specific target audiences. Nte that sme audiences can be bth end users and intermediaries. 10
Emplyers (individually) Supervisrs/managers (individually) Trade assciatins Wrkers Labr unins Jint labr-management prgrams Cmmunity clleges/ther training prviders Nn-prfit cmmunity rganizatins (natinal, reginal, r lcal cmmunity-based rganizatins) Equipment manufacturers Material suppliers Tl and equipment rental firms Insurance assciatins Insurance cmpanies (individually) State-based insurance prviders Emplyer assciatins Safety and health prfessinal assciatins Cnsensus standard grups Safety and health prfessinals (individually) Federal r state OSHA Other federal gvernment agency e.g., CPSC, EPA Lcal gvernment agency (e.g., lcal building r envirnmental health inspectrs, licensing and permitting ffices) Academic institutins/researchers Plicymakers (e.g., elected fficials) Public interest grups Other: 11
Part 2. Plan Yur Rute Nw that yu have identified yur research findings, yur gals, and yur target audiences, take each f the 3 key target audiences yu listed in 1D and g thrugh the remaining exercises. Start by writing in yur first key audience next t Audience 1 at the tp f page 2. 12
2A. What is yur audience type? Cnsider: Is this audience an end user r an intermediary? (See 1D fr details.) End user r intermediary On Yur Wrksheet: Check the apprpriate audience type. 13
2B. What d yu want the target audience t d? Cnsider: Think abut what yu wuld like this audience t d with yur findings. Desired actin On Yur Wrksheet: List the desired actin fr this audience n yur Radmap Wrksheet, by Questin 2B. Use the list belw t help yu. Increased awareness Increased knwledge Change in attitudes Increased skills Change in behavirs (use r apply the slutin) Cllective/scial actin Plicy change Enfrcement Tips: Develping a graphic lgic mdel, cnceptual mdel, r mdel f yur thery f change may be very helpful in this step as yu make explicit the path by which yu imagine change happens. Having a picture and a clear descriptin f this change can help yu be mre strategic in priritizing and weighing different actins and barriers t address. Be as specific as pssible. If yu are including increased awareness as a desired actin, is it increased awareness f susceptibility t a hazard? Increased awareness f an effective slutin t address the hazard? Increased awareness f requirements t prvide prtectin? When thinking abut what yu wuld like yur audience t d, sme ideas frm behavir change theries* may help. Fr example: 14
Stages f change is yur audience in the pre-cntemplatin, cntemplatin, preparatin, actin, r maintenance stage f cnsidering the change? Prgress may invlve mving them frm ne stage t anther. Des yur audience need t: Believe the prblem is serius? Believe it will happen t them? See hw it will benefit them? See hw they can vercme barriers? Feel cnfident they can accmplish the behavir? D members f this target audience tend t be: Innvatrs? Early adpters? Early majrity adpters? Late majrity adpters? Laggards? What aspects f their larger wrking envirnment will affect yur audience s ability t make the desired change? *Fr mre infrmatin n these theries, see Thery at a Glance at http://www.sneb.rg/2014/thery at a Glance.pdf 15
2C. Are there knwledgeable lcal guides wh can help yu learn mre abut yur destinatin? Cnsider: Brainstrm ptential partners. They may be able t help yu t reach and/r t better understand yur target audience. Partners On Yur Wrksheet: List any partner grup that yu wuld like t invlve nw r later t better cnnect t yur target audience n yur Radmap Wrksheet, by Questin 2C. Tip: Describe the cnnectin f the partner(s) t yur target audience. Nte any leads r in-rads yu might have t these partner grups. Yu may decide that a ptential partner grup yu list here is a critical intermediary target audience, perhaps even mre strategically imprtant t reach than an end-user audience! In this case, yu may decide t shift gears and plan specifically fr disseminatin t this audience. 16
2D. What types f vehicles are best suited t prmte change? Cnsider: Different disseminatin strategies have their strengths and weaknesses and wrk well fr sme issues and audiences and less well fr thers. Think abut the strategies that are likely t be the mst impactful fr achieving the changes yu are seeking. What cmbinatin f appraches might wrk best t spread the wrd and influence the decisins f yur target audiences? On Yur Wrksheet: Disseminatin strategy Write in yur disseminatin strategy fr this target audience n yur Radmap Wrksheet, by Questin 2D. Use the list belw t help yu. Educatin Training Health cmmunicatin utreach/marketing Plicy develpment Technlgy transfer Calitin-building Making a business case Other Tips: Write dwn why yu chse the disseminatin strategy(ies) yu indicated. Being as explicit as pssible in laying ut yur ratinale will help yu be strategic in yur research t practice (r2p) effrts. 17
2E. Hw will yu transmit yur message? Cnsider: Cmmunicatin is an imprtant part f all disseminatin effrts. In sme cases, it may als be yur main disseminatin strategy. Think abut the best ways t reach and influence yur intended audiences their attitudes, literacy level, preferences, affiliatins, etc. Are there trusted surces yur target ppulatin ges t fr infrmatin? Cmmunicatin channel(s) D yu need t knw mre abut yur target audience? Wuld ding sme audience research r talking t partners help yu better understand and cmmunicate with the audience? On Yur Wrksheet: Write in yur cmmunicatin channel(s) fr this target audience n yur Radmap Wrksheet, by Questin 2E. Use the list belw t help yu. Mass media Scial media Internet/web Events/meetings Peer-t-peer Influential spkespeple/pinin leaders Written materials (checklists, impact cards, newsletters) Prducts/swag Tips: Write dwn why yu chse the cmmunicatin channel(s) yu indicated. Being as explicit as pssible in laying ut yur ratinale will help yu be strategic in yur research t practice effrts. 18
REPEAT PART 2 FOR EACH REMAINING TARGET AUDIENCE BEFORE MOVING ON TO PART 3. 19
Part 3. On the Rad: Rest Stps, Deturs, and Mile Markers Yu have nw identified yur purpse, destinatin, and mapped yur general rute. But this is likely t be a lng jurney. Yu may need t make rest stps r allw smene t take ver as a relief driver alng the way. There may als be unplanned radblcks yu will need t vercme. In this sectin, yu will d yur best t plan the specifics f yur trip. Cmplete this sectin fr the disseminatin effrt verall. Yu d nt need t d it fr each individual target audience, unless yu wuld find it useful t d s.
3A. What are yur next stps? Cnsider: At sme pint, yu may need t hand ff further disseminatin t thers (see 3B). But, hw far wuld yu like t take this disseminatin effrt yurself? Lk back ver the target audiences, desired actins, prpsed strategies, and cmmunicatin channels frm Part 2. What disseminatin steps can yu take in the next year t advance thse aims? Yur disseminatin effrts On Yur Wrksheet: Write dwn the first 3 disseminatin steps yu will take in the next year f the prject. Tip: Be specific, including peple, actins, and the cnnectin t target audience(s) and aims yu described in Part 2. 21
3B. Wh are yur relief drivers? Cnsider: Cnsider wh yu culd apprach t take ver the next leg f the trip when yur leg is cmpleted. This may be anther type f research team, an intermediary target grup, an advcacy rganizatin, a manufacturer, etc. Next steps thers will take On Yur Wrksheet: Write dwn the steps yu hpe thers will take n after yur wrk is cmpleted. Yu may want t refer t the ptential lcal guides r partners yu listed in 2C. Tip: Refer back t yur list f lcal guides in 2C. Perhaps they may help alng the jurney r be able t recmmend ther relief drivers. 22
3C. What fuel d yu need fr the trip? Cnsider: Think abut the resurces that are needed t carry ut the kind f disseminatin plan envisined, including mney, materials, expertise, etc. What resurces are already available t yu? If yu d nt already have all the resurces yu need, think abut ther utside resurces that may be available t yu. Wh else is addressing the same prblem and hw might their effrts intersect with r jin yur wn? What supplemental funding surces might be available? Resurces On Yur Wrksheet: List the resurces needed alng with hw r where they will be btained in Questin 3C. 3D. What ptential radblcks might yu encunter? Cnsider: Examples f cmmn barriers include: resistance t change in yur target ppulatin, a lack f resurces, anti-regulatry sentiment, time cnstraints, and ecnmic challenges. On Yur Wrksheet: Barriers List 1 3 majr barriers that yu think will challenge the disseminatin and adptin effrt in Questin 3D. 23
3E. What deturs will yu take t get arund ptential barriers? Cnsider: Examples f strategies t help vercme barriers include: asking ne f yur partners t help, reframing yur message, engaging in cntinuus repetitin f yur message, prviding additinal educatin, making the business case, identifying incentives, etc. Addressing barriers On Yur Wrksheet: By Questin 3E, prvide at least ne strategy t address each f the barriers listed in 3D. 24
3F. What mile markers will yu use t measure yur prgress and ultimate success? Cnsider: What indicatrs will let yu knw that yu are n the right track with yur disseminatin effrt? What are sme shrt-term measures? What are sme lng-term measures? Hw will yu knw when yur results have been successfully disseminated? On Yur Wrksheet: Measures and indicatrs List up t 3 measures r indicatrs that yu might use in Questin 3F. Use the list belw fr ideas t help yu. Reach f yur utputs # rders fr prducts r utputs # respnses/cnversatin generated thrugh new media use # requests fr additinal infrmatin, web hits, dwnlads # f times yur utput/infrmatin is used (by ther publicatins, rganizatins, etc.) Change in plicy, e.g., creatin f a vluntary r binding standard Change in awareness, attitudes, r behavirs Dcumented adptin f a practice/tl n a small r large scale (# r % f emplyers wh adpt) Change in expsures Change in injury/illness rates 25