Drought Risk Reduction Through SIP Approach in northwest Bangladesh Umma Habiba, Rajib Shaw and Yukiko Takeuchi Laboratory of International Environment and Disaster Management Graduate School of Global Environmental studies Kyoto University, JAPAN
Outline of the presentation Objective of the study Location of study area Brief description of Rajshahi and Chapai Nawabgang district Methodology Findings of the study Next steps
Objectives of the study To find out the farmers perception of drought and its impact on their livelihood To document the viable adaptation practices(e.g. coping strategies) and options for livelihood pattern. To assess the impact of drought on food security of Bangladesh. To explore the relationship between the farmers` perception of drought and selected socioeconomic characteristics. To find out the farmers problems in adapting agricultural practices to cope with the droughts.
Location of the study area N Bholahat Chapai-Nawabganj Gamastapur Shibganj Nachole Tanore Baghmara Nawabganj Godagari Mohanpur Durgapur Paba Puthia Rajshahi Legend Charghat Study area Bagha District boundary Upazila boundary
Severe drought-prone area in Bangladesh Criteria for selecting study area: 1) Average Rainfall Bangladesh 2422 mm Study area 1329 mm Fig. : Annual average total rainfall from1991-2008 2) Average Temperature Bangladesh Study area Max: 26.1 C Min: 9 C Max: 25 C to 35 C Min: 9 C to 15 C
3) Groundwater depletion: Irrigation status of Bangladesh in 2007-08 Ground water depletion in Nachole upazila of Chapai-Nawabganj district Irrigation coverage in 1985 Irrigation coverage in 2008
Brief description about the study area Characteristics Rajshahi Chapai-Nawabgang Area 2,407.01 km 2 1744.3 km 2 Upazila (Sub-district) 9 (Paba, Godagari, Durgapur, Mohanpur, Puthia, Tanore, Charghat, Bagha, Baghmara) Population 1.93 million 1.54 million Literacy rate 52.91% 49.10% Occupation Main river Farming, commerce, service, wage labor Padma River (Ganges), Mahananda, Baral and Barnai river 5 (Chapai-Nawabganj, Shibganj, Gomastapur, Nachole) Farming, commerce, service, wage labor Ganges, Mahananda, pagla, Moraganga and Punarbhaba.
Common scenario of study area
Current Drought Approach At Governmental Level: Barind Multipurpose Development Authority Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Change At NGO level: KARITAS At Local Level: Cultivate diversified crops Traditional agricultural practices Change occupation Migration Scope of Improvement: Drought Risk Reduction through SIP approach
Methodology of the study Developing Drought Resilience Mapping by SIP Approach Measuring the existing level of different Socio-economical, Institutional and Physical aspects of the targeted area how they cope with drought(resilience) Comparing Socio-economical, Institutional and Physical Resilience in Drought of different upazila by using SIP approach
Development of SIP Approach (Socio-economic, Institutional and Physical) Socio-economic (Education and awareness, Health, Usage, Social capital, Economic) Institutional (Policy, Management, Co-ordination) SIP Approach Physical (Infrastructure development, Irrigation, Land use) Fig. : Model of SIP Approach
Dimension and Indicators used for SIP Approach Dimensions Socioeconomic Primary indicators Education and awareness Health Usage Social capital Economic Secondary indicators Literacy rate Knowledge about drought, Having predictability Taking preventive measure, Awarded about drought Access to safe water Time period having access of safe water Extent of diseases Primary health care facility Recovery Food consumption Reserved food grain Migration Changing occupation Non agricultural farming Social cohesion Participation Water related conflict Build consensus Acceptance of leader Income source Other income generating activities Use of savings Sell off assets, land or live stocks Credit, subsidy
Dimension and Indicators used for SIP Approach Dimensions Primary indicators Secondary indicators Institutional Policy Incorporation into plan Effectiveness of the plan Support by GO and NGO Water management activities Public awareness program Management Co-ordination Collaboration Co-ordination School/college Highlighting dramas Community leader/imam Training Demonstration Credit/loan Aids Subsidy Physical Infrastructure development Irrigation Land use Electricity supply Fuel supply Dam Water reservoir Drought warning system Irrigation system Irrigation facilities (DTW, STW, over head tank etc Supplemental irrigation Dependency on rainfall Rain water harvest Built up area Vegetative area Water bodies Drought tolerant crop Fruit tree plantation
Results of the study
Discussion The overall drought resilience mapping indicates that most of upazila have medium drought resilience than the others. Social resilience is comparatively in a better position than institutional and physical resilience. In the aspect of institutional, the area has very high to very low resilience against drought. Again, in case of physical resilience, all the upazilas has high to medium physical resilience. In fact, households build moderate resilience against drought in the survey area.
Main findings of the results A- Overall B- Socio-economic Bholahat Gamastapur Gamastapur Bholahat Shibganj Nachole Shibganj Nachole Tanore Baghmara Very High High Medium Low Nawabganj Godagari Tanore Baghmara Mohanpur Durgapur Puthia Paba Charghat Very high High Medium Low Very low Nawabganj Godagari Mohanpur Durgapur Puthia Paba Charghat Bagha Very Low C- Institutional Bholahat Gamastapur Bagha D-Physical Bholahat Gamastapur Shibganj Nachole Shibganj Nachole Very High High Medium Nawabganj Tanore Baghmara Mohanpur Godagari Durgapur Puthia Paba Charghat Very High High Medium Nawabganj Tanore Baghmara Mohanpur Godagari Durgapur Puthia Paba Charghat Low Bagha Low Bagha Very Low Very Low Fig. : Resilience levels of Rajshahi and Chapai-Nawabganj districts
Next steps Selection of upazila on the basis of SIP Approach Formulation of questionnaire Conduct research at community level to find individual/collective response against drought (drought resilience) Field survey: October-November, 2010
Thanks to all