Ballast Water Treatment Overview of Approved and Available Systems

Ballast Water Treatment Overview of Approved and Available Systems Jad Owner,

Agenda Ballast Water Treatment Technologies Ballast Water Treatment Systems USCG Type Approval

Ballast Water Treatment Technologies

Physical Mechanical Chemical

Physical UV Ultrasound Cavitation Deoxygenation Heat Treatment Low Pressure Inert Gas Medium Pressure Nitrogen

Mechanical Filtration Pressure Drop Screen filters Disc filters Hydrocyclones Magnetic separation & coagulation

Chemical Electrolysis Ozonation Chemical injection High-energy plasma Advanced Oxidization Electrocatalysis Sodium Hypochlorite TiO 2 Electrochlorination Chlorine Dioxide Ozone + UV Other Other

AOP: Other AOP: Ozone + UV AOP: TiO2 High energy plasma Heat Treatment N2 IG H2O2 ClO2 NaOH Cavitation Ozone Ultrasound Electrolysis Pressure drop Magnetic separation Hydrocyclone Disc filtration Screen filtration Medium pressure UV Low pressure UV 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Filtration BWTS w/o Mechanical BWTS with Filtration Screen Disc Hydrocyclone Magnetic 14 52 46 3 3 2 1

Filtration Screen filters Mesh size Hydrocyclones Disc filters Pressure difference Working pressure

Filtration Affecting ship performance Affecting filter performance Backflush volume Backflush time Size of TSS Backflush design backpressure Backflush outlet pipe diameter Backflush pump Filtration area

AOP: Other AOP: Ozone + UV AOP: TiO2 High energy plasma Heat Treatment N2 IG H2O2 ClO2 NaOH Cavitation Ozone Ultrasound Electrolysis Pressure drop Magnetic separation Hydrocyclone Disc filtration Screen filtration Medium pressure UV Low pressure UV 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Ultraviolet - UV UV-based systems overview Other Medium pressure Low pressure 20 40 26 6

Ultraviolet - UV Main parameters Affecting UV performance TSS, DOC, POC UV Transmittance Flow rate Water velocity in the chamber Chamber holding time Flow entry profile Warm up time Temperature (only MP)

AOP: Other AOP: Ozone + UV AOP: TiO2 High energy plasma Heat Treatment N2 IG H2O2 ClO2 NaOH Cavitation Ozone Ultrasound Electrolysis Pressure drop Magnetic separation Hydrocyclone Disc filtration Screen filtration Medium pressure UV Low pressure UV 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Electrolysis Electrolysis Other Side stream Direct flow Electrolysis vs. Filtration With filtration W/o filtration 6 41 25 13 12 19

Electrolysis Deduction 1 BWTS w/o mechanical separation use direct flow process ECS-A: Direct flow ECS-B: Direct flow AquaStar BWMS: Cavitation + Direct flow SmartBallast BWMS: Direct flow KTM-BWMS: Cavitation + Direct flow HS-Ballast BWMS: Direct flow Deduction 2 All side stream processes use filtration

Electrolysis Main parameters Affecting performance Salinity Power input to electrodes Production at injection point Temperature TRO downstream Holding time Hydroxyls production DOC, POC, TSS

AOP: Other AOP: Ozone + UV AOP: TiO2 High energy plasma Heat Treatment N2 IG H2O2 ClO2 NaOH Cavitation Ozone Ultrasound Electrolysis Pressure drop Magnetic separation Hydrocyclone Disc filtration Screen filtration Medium pressure UV Low pressure UV 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Ozonation Ozonation Ozone Cavitation + ozone Filtration + ozone + UV Filtration + ozone 1 2 2 1

Ozonation Ozone Cavitation + ozone Filtration + ozone Filtration + ozone + UV 2.5 mg/l O 3 3.0 mg/l O 3 12 mg/l O 3 0.4 mg/l O 3 2.3 mg/l TRO 7 mg/l O 3

Ozonation Main parameters Affecting performance Temperature TRO level downstream Ozone concentration at injection point Holding time Contact time Ozone concentration at injection point DOC, POC, TSS Salinity Injection pressure

AOP: Other AOP: Ozone + UV AOP: TiO2 High energy plasma Heat Treatment N2 IG H2O2 ClO2 NaOH Cavitation Ozone Ultrasound Electrolysis Pressure drop Magnetic separation Hydrocyclone Disc filtration Screen filtration Medium pressure UV Low pressure UV Ballast Water Treatment Systems 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Ballast Water Treatment Systems (source: www.bwm.no) Manufacturer System Technology Active S Approval Admin 1 Alfa Laval PureBallast Filtration + Advanced Oxidization Yes Type Approved Norway 2 Alfa Laval 3 Alfa Laval PureBallast 2.0/2.0 Ex PureBallast 3.0/3.0 Ex 4 OceanSaver OceanSaver Mk I Filtration + Advanced Oxidization Yes Type Approved Norway Filtration + UV No Under testing Norway Filtration + Cavitation + Electrolysis + Saturation Yes Type Approved Norway 5 OceanSaver OceanSaver Mk II Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Type Approved Norway 6 Optimarin 7 Headway Marine Technology Optimarin Ballast System (OBS) OceanGuard BWMS Filtration + UV No Type Approved Norway Filtration + Electrocatalysis + Ultrasound Yes Type Approved Norway 8 Sunrui Company Balclor BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Type Approved Norway 9 Auramarine Crystal Ballast BWMS Filtration + UV No Type Approved Norway 10 Knutsen OAS KBAL Pressure Drop + UV No Type Approved Norway 11 NK Co., Ltd. BlueBallast System NKO3 Ozonation Yes Type Approved Norway 12 MMC MMC BWMS Filtration + UV No Type Approved Norway

Ballast Water Treatment Systems (source: www.bwm.no) Manufacturer System Technology Active S Approval Admin 13 Severn Trent De Nora BalPure BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Type Approved Germany 14 Mahle 15 Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., LTD. Ocean Protection System OPS 16 Hitachi ClearBallast BWMS Filtration + UV No Type Approved Germany FineBallastOZ Cavitation + Ozonation Yes Type Approved Japan Filtration + Coagulation + Magnetic separation Yes Type Approved Japan 17 HHI EcoBallast Filtration + UV No Type Approved South Korea 18 Ecochlor Ecochlor BWMS Filtration + Chemical Injection Yes Type Approved Germany 19 Techcross 20 Techcross Electro-Cleen System (ECS-A) Electro-Cleen System (ECS-B) Electrolysis Yes Type Approved South Korea Electrolysis Yes Type Approved South Korea 21 Panasia Co., Ltd. GloEn-Patrol Filtration + UV No Type Approved South Korea 22 HHI HiBallast BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Type Approved South Korea 23 Hyde Marine Inc. Hyde Guardian Filtration + UV No Type Approved UK 24 GEA Westfalia Separator Group Gmbh Ballast Master ultrav BWMS Filtration + UV No Type Approved Germany

Ballast Water Treatment Systems (source: www.bwm.no) Manufacturer System Technology Active S Approval Admin 25 26 GEA Westfalia Separator Group Gmbh Shanghai Cyeco Environmental Technology Co. Ltd. Ballast Master ecop Filtration + Electrolysis + Chemical BWMS Injection Yes Basic Approval Germany Cyeco BWMS Filtration + UV + Ultrasound No Type Approved China 27 Kuraray Microfade BWMS Filtration + Chemical Injection Yes Type Approved Japan 28 AQUA Eng. Co., Ltd. AquaStar BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Type Approved Korea 29 Erma First Erma First BWMS Hydrocyclone + Electrolysis Yes Type Approved Greece 30 Samsung Heavy Industries Purimar System Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Type Approved South Korea 31 Wuxi Brighsky Electronic Co., Ltd 32 China Ocean Shipping Company BSKY BWMS Filtration + UV + Ultrasound No Type Approved China Blue Ocean Shield BWMS Filtration + UV No Type Approved China 33 21st Century Shipbuilding ARA BWMS Filtration + UV + High Energy Plasma No Final Approval South Korea 34 Siemens SiCURE BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Final Approval Germany 35 Dow Chemicals 36 Elite Marine Ballast Water Treatment Corp. Dow-Pinnacle BWMS Filtration + Ozonation Yes Ongoing Singapore Seascape BWMS Filtration + UV + Ultrasound No Ongoing Norway

Ballast Water Treatment Systems (source: www.bwm.no) Manufacturer System Technology Active S Approval Admin 37 Trojan Marinex Trojan UV BWMS Filtration + UV No Ongoing Norway 38 Bawat AS Bawat BWMS De-oxygenation + Heat Treatment No Ongoing Denmark 39 Redox Redox BWMS Filtration + Ozonation + UV Yes Basic Approval Norway 40 DESMI Ocean Guard AS OxyClean BWMS Filtration + Ozonation + UV Yes Type Approved Denmark 41 DESMI OceanGuard AS RayClean BWMS Filtration + UV No Ongoing Denmark 42 STX Metal Co. Ltd. 43 JFE Engineering Corporation 44 NEI Smart Ballast BWMS JFE BallastAce BWMS Ventury Oxygen Stripping 45 RWO CleanBallast BWMS 46 Resource Ballast Technologies (Pty) Ltd. 47 Kwang San Co., Ltd. 48 Envirotech and Consultancy Pte. Ltd. Resource Ballast Technologies System Electrolysis Yes Final Approval Korea Filtration + Chemical Injection Yes Type Approved Japan De-oxygenation No Type Approved Liberia Filtration + Electrolysis + Electrochlorination Cavitation + Electrolysis + Ozonation + Filtration Yes Type Approved Germany Yes Type Approved South Africa KS Ballast Water Management Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Basic Approval South Korea System "En-Ballast" Blueseas BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Basic Approval Singapore

Ballast Water Treatment Systems (source: www.bwm.no) Manufacturer System Technology Active S Approval Admin 49 Katayama Chemical, Inc. 50 JFE Engineering Corporation 51 52 Envirotech and Consultancy Pte. Ltd. Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. SKY-SYSTEM with Peraclean Ocean BWMS JFE BallastAce that makes use of NeoChlor Marine BWMS Filtration + Chemical Injection Yes Basic Approval Japan Filtration + Chemical Injection Yes Final Approval Japan BlueWorld BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Basic Approval Singapore Neo-Purimar BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Final Approval South Korea 53 Dalian Maritime University DMU OH BWMS Filtration + Chemical Injection Yes Basic Approval China 54 Hanla IMS Co., Ltd. 55 Korea Top Marine (KT Marine) Co., Ltd. 56 Wärtsilä 57 Jiujiang Precision Measuring Technology Research Institute EcoGuardian BWMS KTM-BWMS Wärtsilä Aquarius EC BWMS OceanDoctor BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Final Approval South Korea Electrolysis + Plankill pipe (circular cylinder block) Yes Basic Approval South Korea Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Final Approval Netherlands Filtration + UV + Photocatalytic Yes Final Approval China 58 HWASEUNG R&A Co. Ltd. HS-BALLAST BWMS Electrolysis Yes Basic Approval South Korea 59 Panasia Co., Ltd. GloEn-Saver BWMS Filtration + Electrolysis Yes Basic Approval South Korea

Ballast Water Treatment Systems (source: www.bwm.no) Manufacturer System Technology Active S Approval Admin 60 Van Oord B.V. Van Oord BWMS Chlorination (Drinking water only) Yes Basic Approval Netherlands 61 SUNBO INDUSTRIES Co. Ltd., DSEC Co. Ltd. and the Korean Institute of Machinery & Material (KIMM) 62 Wärtsilä Blue Zone BWMS Ozonation Yes Basic Approval South Korea Wärtsilä Aquarius UV BWMS Filtration + UV No Type Approved Netherlands 63 Kwang San Co., Ltd. BioViolet BWMS Filtration + UV No Ongoing South Korea 64 Bio UV Bio-Sea BWMS Filtration + UV No Ongoing France 65 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. 66 ColdHarbour Marine SEI-BWMS Filtration + UV No Ongoing Japan ColdHarbour BWMS Cavitation + De-oxygenation + Ultrasound No Ongoing UK

AOP: Other AOP: Ozone + UV AOP: TiO2 High energy plasma Heat Treatment N2 IG H2O2 ClO2 NaOH Cavitation Ozone Ultrasound Electrolysis Pressure drop Magnetic separation Hydrocyclone Disc filtration Screen filtration Medium pressure UV Low pressure UV USCG Type Approval 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

USCG Type Approval USCG / ETV tests vs. IMO G8 The UV challenge When type approval by USCG is expected?