PV energy A key energy source for a power system with a high share of RES 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Hamburg September 23rd, 2009 M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Yves-Marie Saint-Drenan (y.saint-drenan@iset.uni-kassel.de) Dr.-Ing. Stefan Bofinger Dipl.-Phys. Amany von Oehsen M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Norman Gerhardt M.Sc. Dipl.-Ing. Michael Sterner Dr.-Ing. Kurt Rohrig
Content of the presentation 1. What is the impact (and value) of PV energy on the power system? Correlation of the PV Energy with the Load Seasonal Complementarity of Wind and Solar Energy 2. Is a high penetration of RES in the power system possible? Demonstration of the feasibility of a 100% RES power system (the Kombikraftwerk project) 3. The way to a power system with a high RES penetration Dynamical simulation of RES generation based on the BEE Scenario for Germany (RES penetration of 47%) Assessment of the impact of RES generation on the power system
Impact of PV energy on the power system Modelling of the PV power for Germany: Input data: Irradiation derived from satellite picture (SODA, Uni Oldenburg) Temperature from DWD Consideration of: 2 different module technologies (crystalline and thin-film) 17 different orientations 5 different installation environments 3027 grid points
Impact of PV energy on the power system Geographical distribution of the installed capacity in kwp/km² Number of occcurences (Source: EEG-Stammdaten, 30/07/2009) 0 15 30 45 > 60
Impact of PV energy on the power system Simulated PV Power time series for Germany (15 minute time resolution) 9000 8000 2015 2005 7000 PV Einspeisung [MW] 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Tag des Jahres Cumulated PV power time series calculated for 2005 (2 GWp) and 2015 (12 GWp) (Source: Welche Wertigkeit hat PV Strom? )
Impact of PV energy on the power system Woche des maximalen PV-Ertrags (Woche 25 des Jahres 2005) 70 60 Last und Stromeinspeisung [GW] 50 40 30 20 10 Konv. KW Wind (17 GW) 10 GWp PV 20 GWp PV 30 GWp PV 40 GWp PV 50 GWp PV 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tag der Woche
Impact of PV energy on the power system A clear correlation between the load and the PV power can be observed during summer weeks A reduction of medium and peak load power occurs during these times How does this correlation look like over the year?
Impact of PV energy on the power system Normalizedload[%]
Impact of PV energy on the power system Exemplary week Normalized load [%]
Impact of PV energy on the power system Exemplary week Normalized load [%]
Impact of PV energy on the power system Exemplary week Normalized load [%]
Impact of PV energy on the power system 50 45 40 Energy consumption [TWh] 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month of the year 2005 Monthly capacity factor for wind and PV in 2005 Monthly energy consumption in 2005 On a monthly basis, the combination of wind and PV power offers a source of renewable energy available all over the year.
Impact of PV energy on the power system 18000 16000 PV-Einspeisung Wind-Einspeisung 80 70 Wind und PV Einspeisung [MW] 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 Last [GW] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Tag des Jahres Hourly wind and PV power time series in 2005 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Hourly energy consumption in 2005 Zeit On a smaller time scale, the use of storage systems and flexible units is necessary to match the RES energy supply with the demand (e.g. PSW, flexible biogas plant) Is a 100% RES energy supply technically possible?
Is a a high Penetration of RES in the power system possible? Das Regenerative Kombikraftwerk German load curve scaled down by 1:10000 full supply by wind, PV, biogas and pump storage
Is a a high Penetration of RES in the power system possible? Das Regenerative Kombikraftwerk Considering the time availability of the fluctuating RES, a power system with a high share of RES is feasible. The transformation of the current power system to a high-res supply needs anticipation for adaptating the current structure. Need for roadmaps and scenarios
The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Q1-05 Q2-05 Q3-05 Q4-05 Q1-06 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario Last [GW] 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Energy consumption time series No consideration of: Issues related to the security of supply Grid related issues Economical issues 10 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Zeit + - Must-run RES Wind PV Hydro Biomass PV-Einspeisung [GW] Windeinspeisung [GW] Zeit Export + + - Import Zeit PSW pump + + - Residual load PSW turbine Driven to bring the residual load as close as possible to a base load.
The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario Week of the maximal load
The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario Week of the maximal RES generation
The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario Week of the minimal RES generation
The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario
The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario
The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario Peak load Medium load Base load
The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario Peak load Medium load Base load
The way to a high share of RES - Case study: BEE Scenario Required capacity in GW 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 16.1% 24.2% 59.7% 27.4% 22.7 % 50.0% 2007 2020 Peak load Medium load Base load The base load energy needs decrease significantly Increase of the peak load energy needs Results to be taken into account for the choice of new conventional power plants!
Conclusions PV fluctuations have a positive impact on the power system due the correlation of PV feed-in with the energy demand PV and wind have a seasonal complementarity which offer a source of energy available all over the year (on a monthly basis) A 100% RES supply is technically feasible Through RES generation, the base load is drastically reduced RES time series can follow the energy demand The use of biogas power plant as regulating power can enhance the integration of RES
Thank you for your attention. Yves-Marie Saint-Drenan (FhG IWES) y.saint-drenan@iset.uni-kassel.de