Alternative Waste Management can reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions Experiences from Germany and the European Union Marlene Sieck Federal Environment Agency Germany
Federal Environment Agency Division III Environmentally compatible Technology Processes and Products Department III 2.4 Waste technology Technology transfer Focus on the linkage of waste management and greenhouse gas emissions Davis 6 April 2011 2
Overview: Waste management in Germany Successful measures to reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector in Germany Potential for GHG emission reduction in the waste sector in the European Union 3
Hamburg 15th November 2010 4
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Separate collection of Paper Glass Packaging Waste Biowaste Waste Batteries Electronic Waste 6
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Changes in pathways for management of household waste 8
Landfill ban for untreated waste Waste Storage Ordinance June 2005: waste can no longer be landfilled without pre-treatment 70 WIP 18.6 Mio. t. cap. 50 MBWTP 7.0 Mio. t. cap. Hamburg 15th November 2010 9
Shrinkage goes on 10
Significant increase of waste treatment capacities Waste incineration MBT 11
Waste incineration plant in Hamburg 1895 12
GHG Reduction Goals: Kyoto Protocol: total cut of at least 5% by 2012 (baseline of 1990) European Union: 8 % Burdon Sharing; differentiated reduction goals Germany: reduction goal by 21% Post-Kyoto-Process: further development by 2020 European Union: 20 (30) % by 2020 Germany: 30 (40) % by 2020 13
EEA 2003 14
National Climate Protection Programme Reduction contributions of the individual sectors up to 2012 15
Status Report on the Waste Sector s Contribution to Climate Protection and Possible Potentials by commissioned by the Federal Environment Agency in co-operation with 16
Possible substitute processes, taking waste incineration plants as an example 17
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Methane emissions from landfill sites in Germany in Gg (IPPC-FOD) 19
Selected results of a study in cooperation with IFEU on behalf of Federal Environment Ministry Federal Environment Agency Federation of the German Waste, Water and Raw Materials Management Industry January 2010 http://www.uba.de/uba-info-medien-e/4049.html
Methodology GHG-balances following LCA standard ISO 14040 No waste reduction or increase was assumed for the scenarios to show only the effects of the waste handling Calculations for each separated collected waste type and for residual waste to - incineration (MSWI plants) and - mechanical-biological treatment/stabilisation (M(B) plants) Assumption for potential scenarios: using existing technology of the current situation in Germany and Europe Assumption for material recycling of paper and cardboard: wood saved due to material recycling is used for energy production in Scandinavia (baseline)
Scenarios Alternative Waste Management can reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2006 current situation GHG-balance for Germany GHG impacts and credits for recycling, incineration and treatment of residual waste on the basis of current technology recycling rate about: 62 % 2020 Technology improvement in the technical standards with unchanged waste flows. It is assumed that net efficiencies of plants and the gas yields of anaerobic digestion plants increase and highervalue secondary products are produced recycling rate about: 62 % Scenario 2020 Abfall (waste) change in the waste flows with increased collection and more recycling with unchanged technical standards. It is assumed that 50 % of the recyclable materials still in the mixed residual waste in 2006 are additionally collected and utilised. recycling rate about: 72 % Scenario 2020 AT the combination of the scenarios 2020 T and A. recycling rate about: 72 %
Results for Germany Mitigation 1990 to 2006 55,6 Mill. t CO 2 -equivalents Potential til 2020 65,3 Mill. Tonnen CO 2 -equivalents 23
Treatment of MSW of EU 27 in 2006 (Eurostat) Recycling incl. Composting Waste incineration Landfilling 24
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 42 20 17 22 Alternative Waste Management can reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions EUROSTAT MSW, 2007 1 3 4 4 5 13 25 35 34 38 34 46 47 28 53 53 57 60 18 23 47 36 11 28 12 38 12 9 17 10 10 33 12 46 14 37 39 17 32 28 24 26 21 22 16 11 13 0 Landfilled Incinerated Composted Recycled 63 93 90 96 99 100 64 64 66 77 82 84 84 86 87 02 02 0 19 34 34 34 10 13 8 9 1 11 13 5 2 1 2 0 2 0 1 0 14 13 13 0 5 0 2 2 0 4 6 0 1 0 25 Germany Netherlands Sweden Belgium Denmark Austria Luxembourg France Italy Finland United Kingdom Spain Portugal Estonia Ireland Slovenia Hungary Slovakia Czech Republic G reece Latvia Cyprus Malta Lithuania Poland Romania Bulgaria EU 27
Scenarios Alternative Waste Management can reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions GHG-balance for the EU 27 2007 current situation GHG impacts and credits for recycling and disposal on the basis of current technology; baseline: landfill 20% efficiency of gas collection 2020 I and 2020 II MSW to landfill and MSW composting is abandoned 2020 I respective waste quantities uniformly distributed as in 2007 2020 II respective waste quantities treated nearly like current practice in Germany
Results EU27 2007 Burdon from Landfilling up to 110 Mio t CO 2 -eq Potential 2020 up to 192 Mio t CO 2 -eq through increased recycling and technical improvements in treatment plants 27
Conclusions To exploit the Climate Protection Potential of an effective waste management in Europe we need landfill ban 2007 GHG emissions by landfill in EU 27 caused up to 110 mill. tonnes CO 2 -equivalents increase the recycling rate waste-treatment with the best available technology
Conclusions The Climate Protection Potential of waste management in Europe: Changing the net emission of up to 78 mill. tonnes CO 2 -equivalents in 2007 into a credit of up to 114 mill. tonnes CO 2 -equivalents until 2020 =>> the total net saving is up to 192 mill. tonnes CO 2 - equivalents This corresponds to 32% of the 600 mill. tonnes CO 2 - equivalents that the EU27 still has to minimize according to the voluntary target for 2020!
Technology Transfer 30
Thank you for your attention! marlene.sieck@uba.de Further information: www.umweltbundesamt.de 31