Lighting and E 1 R Paul Crumpler Pol u t io n Prevent ion Ass is ta n ce Division 404-651 -51 20 or 800-685-2443 Lighting Choices. ncandescent Fluorescent High ntensity Discharge Mercury High Pressure Sodium - Metal Halide 1 Safety = Comfort = Productivity Why Do You Light Lighting standards tell you how much light you need Light i n g Standards. Operating Table - 2,000 foot-candles Major League Baseball - nfield - 150 foot-candles - Outfield - 100 foot-candles Assembly - 50-100 Hallways / Stairs - 10-20. Storerooms - 5 foot-candles
Saving Money and Lighting Provide the proper amount of light With the most efficient light sources Operated the minimum number of hours An Example =- Case 1. Passageway with numerous skylights. With 20-60 watt incandescent fixtures.24 hours per day 1) Measure the amount of light 2) Calculate cost 3) Evaluate alternatives An Example -- Case 1 = 1) Measure the amount of light 0 Daytime 200 foot-candles 0 Nighttime 15 foot-candles = 2) Calculate Cost 20 x 60 watts x 24 hours/day x 365 days/year = 10,512,000 watt-hours = 10,512 kw-hr 10,512 kw-hrs x $0.07/kW-hr = $736 per year Lighting Alternatives. Natural Lighting Turn off lights during the day (200 foot candles when 10 to 20 are required Reduce cost by $360 per year Fluorescent and HD Replace the 60 watt bulbs with 15 watt compact fluorescents 3) Evaluate alternatives
Replace the 60 watt bulbs with 15 watt compact fluorescents Lumens Bulb Life (Hours) Cost per Bulb Annual Operating Cost 20 lights - 12 hours/day Annual Cost of Replacement Payback Cost over 6 years 5-watt 160-Watt Fluorescent ncandescent 900 890 12,000 1,000 $10.50 $0.60 $184 $368 $210/3 years $12 x 4 times = $70/yr per year = $48/yr About 1 year na $1,512 $2,496 An Example - Case 2 Lighting in an assembly building. 478-2 bulb x 40 watt fluorescent fixtures Magnetic Ballast. 96 watts and produces 5795 lumens Annual Operating Cost @ 24 hours per day.096 kw x 478b x 24hr/d x 365d/yr x $0.07/kw-hr= $28,136/yr What are the options for reducing cost? What are the options for reducing cost? Reducing Light Level - Lighting requirements - 50 foot-candles - Measured lighting - 70 foot-candles 9 Removing some of the fixtures Replacing the Lamps with lower wattage Replacing the s with more efficient ballasts and lamps Fluorescent Lighting System 9 Power usage and light output depends on the ballast type and bulb type Ballast 7 Line Voltage 1 Fluorescent Tube /
Delamping Remove 29% of the fixtures - 50/70 = 0.71 1-0.31 = 0.29-478 x 0.29 = 136 fixtures can be removed = $28,136/yr x 0.29 = Saving $8,16O/yr = n some fixtures, single bulbs can be removed Ballasts draw power even if all the lamps are removed Fluorescent Lamps and Ballasts 9 Ballasts - Magnetic Magnetic High Efficiency Hybrid - Electronic Lamps - Full Wattage - Energy Saving Reduced Wattage Replace F40T12 40 watt tubes with F40T12 34 watt tubes 2x40-watt Magnetic Ballast 2x34-watt Electronic Ballast Lumens 5795 5016 Watts/fixture Lighting Level Cost per Annual Operating cost cost of Replacement Payback Cost over 6 years 96 59 70 Foot-candles 60 Foot-candles $29.90 $66.00 $28,136 $17,292 na $31,548+ $24,000=$55,548 na 5.1 years $1 68,816 $159,300
Does it make sense to replace fixtures? Depends on cost of power, life of fixtures, labor costs for maintenance - s have a limited life - Ballasts fail Replacing fixtures every 6 years may avoid replacement labor t always makes sense to replace old fixtures with new, more efficient fixtures when they fail Lumens Watts Per Lumens Per Watt cost Per 2x34-watt Magnetic Ballast 5,795 96 60 $29.90 2x34-wat Hybrid Ballast 4,664 66 70 Ballast 5,016 59 85 $66 40,000 35,000 400 400 60-140 75-125 (100) (88) $300 $300 Mercur! Vapor 20,000 400 30-65 (50) $280 Things to Remember When Eva1 uat i ng Light i ng. Measure / determine the amount of light. needed for the task Do not over light an area = Purchase energy efficient bulbs, ballasts, and systems Consider contracting with a lighting consu tan t When purchasing lighting, specify what you want and need Things to Remember When Eva uat i ng Lighting. Low purchase price is often the worst way of evaluating a new lighting system f you use incandescent, change immediately to compact fluorescent or install new fluorescent / HD system = Recycle fluorescent tubes - Cost is $0.40 to $0.50 per tube plus pickup fee (usually about $25 in metro areas) - f you don't recycle, you may have to handle tubes as Hazardous Waste