Focus Group Fertilisation in horticulture

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Focus Group Fertilisation in horticulture"

Morgan Glenn
6 years ago
Views:

1 Focus Group Fertilisation in horticulture Infovergadering EIP-Agri Focus Groups, Merelbeke, 8/10/2015 Bart Vandecasteele, Micheline Verhaeghe, Franky Coopman

2 Introduction The main question of the Focus Group on Fertiliser efficiency focus on horticulture in open field is: How to use innovative fertilisation and nutrient recycling to solve the conflict between the need for crop fertilisation and legislative requirements regarding water quality?

3 Introduction This Focus Group is expected to carry out the following main tasks: Identify how crop quality and yield is influenced by legal requirements (application standards, closed periods, organic matter calculation); Identify and compare systems to reduce fertiliser use without affecting yield and quality; Identify and compare innovative systems that can help to solve the conflict between crop quality and quantity demands and the legislative requirements; Identify fail factors that limit the use of the identified techniques/systems by farmers and summarise how to address these factors.

4 Overview 1. STARTING PAPER 2. HOMEWORK FOR FG MEETING 1 3. FG MEETING 1: 3-4/6 4. HOMEWORK FOR FG MEETING 2: MINI-PAPERS 5. FG MEETING 2: 21-22/10 6. MINI-PAPERS 7. FINAL REPORT

5 Introduction 1. State of the art of practice Inventory of innovative techniques, 2. State of the art of research implementation degree, overview research 3. To identify needs from practice and propose directions for further research Inventory of bottlenecks, dissemination, mini-papers 4. Priorities for innovative actions to test solutions and opportunities, and to disseminate the practical knowledge Mini-papers, ideas for operational groups

6 Starting paper: Innovative techniques - Split nitrogen dose - Reduced/ploughless tillage - Local varieties - Fertilisation planning - Split nitrogen dose - Determine nitrogen need by soil determinations - Fertiliser placement - Fertiliser type (e.g. foliar, CFR) - Manure treatment products - Determine nitrogen need by crop determinations - Determine nitrogen need by soil determinations - Fertiliser placement - Fertiliser type - Manure treatment products - Irrigation based on moisture sensor - Other techniques for improving water management - Catch crops/cover crops/green manures - Management of crop residues after harvest - Crop rotation - Fertiliser type (e.g. use of compost) - Reduced/ploughles s tillage - Erosion control measures - Measures for soils with high phosphorus load Before/at start growing season During growing season End of growing season Long-term

7 Idea ready for research Idea in in research phase Preliminary field tests Ready for field implementation Implemented at <20% of farms Implemented at >20% of farms

8 Implementation degree of innovative techniques (techniques already implemented) Category Crops and crop rotations Fertilizer application Not Implemented implemented at <2% of implemented at 2-20% Implemented at >20% of the Technique the farms of the farms farms A Crop rotation NL, FL, SP, SP, UK DE, SP WA, SW, PL, IT, DK, FR, HU, IRL B Catch crops WA, SP, SP, SP IT SW, HU, UK, IRL FL, NL, PL, DK, DE, FR C Local varieties DK, FL, WA, DE, SP, SP, SP, IRL IT, NL, SW HU D Management of crop residues after WA, FL, NL, DK, SP, SW, DE IT, SP, SP PL, HU, UK IRL harvest E Reduced or ploughless tillage WA, SP, SP, DE FL, NL, SW, DK, IRL, SP IT, HU, UK G Fertilization FL, NL, SW, PL, IT, DK, DE, HU, UK, IRL, WA, SP planning SP, SP H Split the N dose for FL, NL, SW, IT, DK, DE, SP, SP, SP, HU, PL WA a higher efficiency UK, IRL, I Fertilizer placement WA PL, DE NL, SW, HU, UK (Brassica), IRL FL, IT, DK, SP, SP, SP, UK (Onions) J Foliar N fertilisers as top dressing WA NL, PL, IT, SP FL, SW, DK, SP, UK DE, HU, IRL, SP K Commercial organic fertilizers WA NL, IT, UK, IRL FL, SW, DK, DE, SP, SP PL, HU, SP L Ammoniumstabilized PL, IRL WA, UK, SP SW, DK, SP, SP, HU FL, NL, IT, DE Fertilizer type fertilizers M Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) WA, PL, UK, IRL FL, IT, DK, DE, SP, SP NL, SW, SP, HU N Compost application as WA, NL, SP IT, DK, SP, DE, UK, IRL FL, SW, FR, HU, SP PL fertilizer O Fertigation PL, IRL FL, WA, NL, DK, UK SW IT, DE, SP, SP, SP, HU Irrigation P Irrigation based on moisture sensor FL, WA, PL, DK, IRL NL, SW, IT, DE, SP SP, SP, HU, UK Determine the N Q need by soil IRL SP, SP, SP WA, SW, IT, DK, UK NL, PL, FL, DE, FR, HU Determine the N need determinations Determine the N R need by crop determinations FL, PL, DE, FR, IRL, SP WA, NL, IT, DK, SP, SP SW, UK HU HU UK IRL Z. Hajdu C. Rahn M. Plunkett SP (Huelva) F. Toresano SP (Murcia) C. Martinez Was already indicated SP (Almeria) in Table B

Bottlenecks Micheline Verhaeghe (BE), Zoltán Hajdu (HU), Clive Rahn (UK), Hildegard Garming (DEU), Mark Plunkett (IRL), Javier Brañas (ESP), Fernando Toresano (ESP), Franky Coopman (BE), Stefano

9 Bottlenecks Micheline Verhaeghe (BE), Zoltán Hajdu (HU), Clive Rahn (UK), Hildegard Garming (DEU), Mark Plunkett (IRL), Javier Brañas (ESP), Fernando Toresano (ESP), Franky Coopman (BE), Stefano Canali (IT), Carolina Martinez (ESP), Eligio Malusa (IT) Micheline Verhaeghe (BE), Zoltán Hajdu (HU), Javier Brañas (ESP), Franky Coopman (BE), Stefano Canali (IT), Carolina Martinez (ESP) Bottlenecks Category Technique Examples technique Details on bottlenecks provided by FG members Increased Increased Links with non-nutrient problems Knowledge Knowledge Category Technique Tension Examples between ecological technique and economical point of view. E.g. Flanders: late cauliflower is Labour important for industry, market, for the farmers. risk Can we of crop risk of crop Costs intensive for gaps in Legislation Other abolish this crop because of ecoligical problems (N leaching during winter)? intensive yield quality Not practical in market driven industry. Fields often rented farmer research reduction reduction Breaking up vegetable crop rotations with cereals leads to foregone profit from high value vegetable crops and affects particularly small farms, small farms are less flexible because they need to maintain supply to buyers of vegetables More knowledge is needed about transmision of Accessto / Rented land / High degree of mono cropping & specilaistaion / other equipment required for other crops in rotation. Use of clover grass / A A Crop rotation Crop rotation BR01 Designing smart crop rotations BR01 Designing smart crop rotations xxx x xxxx x xx pathogens; x An unsuitable rotation x can produce xx leys more suited the transmission of diseases Monoculture. There is no innovative commercial plan for new alternative crops. In crop rotation, there are normally crops involved with lower financial return, but they are mainly crops that let the soil rest. There is also an inhibition BR02 Smart use of N-fixing green manure xxx x x xxx xx x x xx of land tenure law for easily exchange of grounds and who maintains the ph, %C, structure CH02 Winter legumes It is needed as dissemination green manure and formation crop activities related with proper rotations xx depending of xthe region and the x cropping systems. xx x Farm specialization; problem in specialized farms, reduction of yield due to seasonal reasons B Catch crops IT02 Mixture of legumes and non-legumes as cover crop xxx xx xxx x x There is need for a total approach of catch crops at farm level. Right now, there is a lack of information about disease pressure, nematodes, WA02 Management Grown of more intercropping often on light soils, period on medium after vegetables and heavy soils crops interfere with practical x husbandry. IN UK lots of knowledge on this subject. x NL09 Catch crop Effectiveness of catch crops for reducing N-losses is highly dependent on climate xx and on yearly variation. x Disease pressure Crops and crop rotations Climatic conditions not conducive and difficult to predictable end use / land availabiility (con acre system) / establishment issues / timely crop FG01 Living mulch x x x x x Available xlist of varieties which can be used as BR02 Smart use of N-fixing green manure harvesting C Local varieties/varieties with higher NUE IT03 Local varieties xx xxx xxx catch crops x (with recommendations) x ( short Green beens crops have high labour cost in Spain. Traditional crop system is an obstacle to the incorporation of crop residues xx vegetation, intensive growth) Removal Vegetables of N-rich leave crop frequently residues the after land harvest to late so it in isn't early possible to sow a catch crop. The harvest date is mainly determinated by the factory/industy. NL04 xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xx D Management of crop residues after harvest autumn Catch crops that can form more deeply roots B Catch crops Seed legislation should be revised in oredr to reduce the costs of this seeds FG02 High and low C:N ratio materials combinations x E Reduced or ploughless tillage WA06 Ploughless Good tillage rotations / lack of knowledge / tradition / No establishmnet benefit xx xxxx x xx CH02 Winter legumes as green manure crop S Crops and crop rotations: mulching IT01 Mulching This and item organic seems to fertilization be very similar to the above one. Could they be merged? xx x x xx xx x AE Mixture of legumes and non-legumes as cover Not practiseed Improving rooting IT02 depth FG03 x crop Seed legislation should be revised in orde to reduce the costs of this seeds x x WA02 Management of intercropping period after Not practised Improve plant health/ecellent crop protection FG04 Crops and crop AF NL09 Catch crop Not practised x x rotations FG01 Living mulch BR07 Reuse of drain water (recirculation) xxx xxxx x x x x Drain water recirculation F Drain water recirculation CH06 Breeding programmes for deeper rooting varieties Drain water re-use Variety choice is determined by market requirements. x x Combined Breeding use of drain programme water required recirculation systems and sensors for Local varieties/varieties with higher FG05 x x x No properly quality of fruits or no diseases C IT03 Local varieties monitoring It would some be parameters necessary to in develop nutrient better and varieties in drain and solution there are a high pressure of the great seeds companies. NUE tolerance NL10 Fertilization There planning is still to less research for local varieties, because is isn't profitable for the big companies who develop new xx varieties x x G Fertilization planning More research are needed. Farmers need to receive disemination activities about local varieties. FG06 In UK: set of guidence note for farmers - ie RB209 Lack of sufficient seeds/seedling production H Split the N dose for a higher efficiency WA03 Split the N dose for a higher efficiency xx xxx x x DE03 Removing of harvest residues faces a lot of bottlenecks. We might look in the direction of stabilise the residues at the field so that N leaching during Row or point winter fertilization is reduced. xxx x x x Fertilizer application D Placement Removing of starter residuers P fertilizer has been tried in the but row what or do near you do individual with them. Removal of N-rich crop residues NL06 after harvest xxx x x x xx NL04 plants in Harvesting crop residues needs special equipment, use of crop residues in biogas plants constrained by high content of water and contamination with Labour intensive Management of crop residues after early autumn soil particles Soil OM harvest Placement Risk of of starter soil compaction N fertilizer / residue in incorptared the row or ASAP near for following individual crops - N residue and reduce diseasew risk NL11 xxx x x x I Fertilizer placement plants Removing crop residues is a big intensive labour and cost also more fuel. Adaptation of harvester can be a solution for some crop (if the soil and weather conditions are good) FG07 using ICT in digestate spreading FG02 High and low C:N ratio materials combinations x FG08 using ICT in fertilisation, precision techniques Disease risks if you don t properly incorporate crop residues. x Weed control E Reduced or ploughless tillage WA06 Ploughless tillage Precision More farming reserch in required diagnosis, / horticulture programming better areas and / fertilizer Sandy soils required for min till to be successful Available field experiments results for open FG09 x x x application There is to less research of reduces tillage and the risk for deseases on the crops field horticultural crops S Crops and crop rotations: mulching IT01 Mulching and organic fertilization Not practised / High rainfall therefore risk of high N loss Dissemination of diseases can happens. Not in any case available mulch quantity and quality AE Improving rooting depth FG03 Improving rooting depth Better rooting improves NUE, bad soil structure (plough pans, layers with high density) hampers root growth, when these are 'solved' roots can grow deeper (not necesseraly non inversion tillage). Als cultivar selection can help, but is mentioned earlier. AF Improve plant health/ecellent crop protection FG04 Improve plant health/ecellent crop protection Excellent crop growth, not hampered by other issues as pests and diseases leads to higher NUE, however some pests and diseases are hard to tackle.

10 Techniques to focus on: I: Top 2 techniques on saving/optimizing fertilizer II: Top 2 techniques on reducing N and P leaching III: Top 2 techniques with high potential for fast implementation Technique I II III Crop rotation Catch crops/cover crops/green manures Fertilisation planning Split the nitrogen (N) dose for a higher efficiency Irrigation based on moisture sensor Determine the N and water need based on a model Other techniques for improving water management Determine the N need by soil determinations Determine the N need by crop determinations Determine the N need based on a model 0 2 3

11 Mini-papers Costs and benefits of technologies for increasing N efficiency in vegetable production Knowledge transfer approaches to support sustainable intensification of vegetable production in the open field Need for system approach to increase nutrient use efficiency in horticulture Agro-ecological Service Crops to mitigate the risk of nitrate leaching from vegetable cropping systems Fertiliser planning and simple recommendation systems Opportunities and bottlenecks in the utilisation of new kinds of organic fertilisers Irrigation management using soil moisture sensors Nitrogen and water need based on a model Need for integration Lack of detailed information nutrient/water uptake during cropping period User-friendliness of innovative techniques

12 Mini-paper: Fertiliser planning and simple recommendation systems KISS Effectief ready-touse Inzicht van de landbouwer

13 Mini-paper: Fertiliser planning and simple recommendation systems Samenwerking om kennis samen te brengen, vergt funding -achtergronddata - Gebruik en optimalisatie van modellen

14 UK: Fertiliser Manual Update recommendations Increased productivity Changed crop needs Estimation mineralisation

15 Flanders: Adaptation and application of the German KNSsystem for Flanders Adaptation KNS Production levels Crop period Latent N Mineralisation, harvest residues

16 Bulgaria: 4 R Nutrient Stewardship 4 R Right nutrient source Right rate Right time Right place

17 Agro-ecological service crops (ASC) Why a novel terminology? Different terms used for crops having ecological/ agronomic role: catch crops; cover crops, complementary crops green manure... NOT consistent terminology: connected with a i) specific purpose or ii) position in the rotation or iii) termination strategy NOT considered always appropriate in any situation or broad enough to comprehend all the crops having agro-ecological functions

18 Agro-ecological services crops (ASC) Which ecosystem services (examples)? nutrients supply and management (i.e. fertility building crop) weed control disease and pest control (different mechanisms); pollination services C sequestration nutrients leaching risk reduction resilience to (extreme and severe) weather conditions Overall, ASC can contribute to reduce negative externalities of agriculture (i.e. environmental and/or social costs). (Foley et al., 2011; Kremer and Miles, 2012; Thorup Kristensen et al., 2012; )

19 End report: proposed themes/issues Need for integration Lack of detailed information nutrient/water uptake during cropping period User-friendliness of innovative techniques

20 Need for integration System approach: o Evaluating crop, soil quality (N, P & soil organic matter) and environment (air & water quality & agrobiodiversity) together o Management at crop rotation level Combining different innovative techniques e.g. soil moisture measurements/water model and N uptake Optimal combination of mineral and organic fertilisers (after separation) to adjust N and P supply to crop demand Dynamic fertilisation advices

Nutrient Management for Field Grown Leafy Vegetables a European Perspective Ian G. Burns

Nutrient Management for Field Grown Leafy Vegetables a European Perspective Ian G. Burns Warwick Crop Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, United Kingdom