Presented by : Digambar Singh

Transcription

1 Presented by : Digambar Singh 2/8/2014 1

2 Aphids Caterpillar/Fruit Borer Mealybug Leaf Miner Fruit fly

3 Mealy Bug Mealy bugs are insects in the family Pseudococcidae. SYMPTOMS : They are considered pests as they feed on plant juices of greenhouse plants, house plants and subtropical trees, mainly on new growing plants. It causes yellowing and dropping of leaves from crops.

4 CONTROL: Living Greens Biopesticides- Cow 5 ml/litre of water Neem 5 ml/litre of water Surf 5 gm/litre of water Hand picking and use of insect net to prevent further infestation

5 Aphids, also known as plant lice, greenflies, blackflies or white flies. Aphids are sap-sucking insects. Belongs to superfamily Aphidoidea. Act as vectors of several varieties of virus and fungi Symptoms: Causing distorting, curling and yellowing of leaves of crops. Causing distorting, curling and yellowing of leaves of crops. Aphids colony seen on the leaves. Sooty mold growth on leaves.

6 CONTROL: Living Green Biopesticides- TLG 20 ml/litre of water Neem 5 ml/litre of water Surf 5 gm/litre of water Washing/ Removal of the infested leaves and plants. Use of yellow sticky cards

7 Caterpillars are the larval form of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). SYMPTOMS: o Leaf-chewing caterpillars: skeletonized mostly consumed leaves. o Moth larvae: brown stunted tips, branch dieback and exit holes in the trunk.

8 CONTROL: Living Green Biopesticides- TLG 20 ml/litre of water Neem 5 ml/litre of water Surf 5 gm/litre of water Hand picking of the infested leaves and plants Use of insect net Spray of NPV and B. bassiana Use of light trap/pheromone trap

9 Symptoms : it mines the leaves and feed on chlorophyll content of plants consequently developing White serpentine like structure on leaves

10 Living Green Biopesticides- TLG 20 ml/litre of water Neem 5 ml/litre of water Surf 5 gm/litre of water Removal of the infested leaves. Use of blue sticky cards Use of repellant plant like marigold in every unit

11 Symptom Tender fruits start rotting Adult lay eggs into tender fruit skin and consequently larvae/maggot feed inside fruit Precaution Early sowing of crop Sanitation Control TLG 20 ml/litre of water Neem 5 ml/litre of water Surf 5 gm/litre of water Removal of damaged fruits Fumigation and use of lures for eg. vinegar bottles Use of insect net 2/8/

12 RootRot Nematodes Blight Powdery Mildew 2/8/

13 Root Rot Symptoms : Rotting in the roots of the plant. Cause Usually, this is a result of overwatering. The excess water makes it very difficult for the roots to get the air that they need, causing them to decay. Root damage during transplanting attracts root rot causing fungus Many cases of root rot are caused by members of the water mould genus Phytophthora. Perhaps the most aggressive is P. cinnamomi. 2/8/

14 Other Favorable Conditions : Spores from root rot causing agents do contaminate other plants, but the rot cannot take hold unless there is adequate moisture. Spores are not only airborne, but are also carried by insects and other arthropods in the soil. Control : A plant with root rot will not normally survive, but can often be propagated so it will not be lost completely. Plants with root rot should be removed and destroyed. 2/8/

15 Precaution To avoid root rot, it is best to only water plants when the soil reaches below optimum moisture level and to put the plant in a well-drained container Use of porous growing media Soil treatment with 10 gm /sq.m. 2/8/

16 Nematodes Nematodes are simple, multi-cellular organisms. They are wormlike in appearance but are taxonomically distinct from earthworms, wireworms, or flatworms. Plant parasitic nematodes may attack the roots, stem, foliage, and flowers of plants. 2/8/

17 Signs and Symptoms Typical root symptoms indicating nematode attack are root knots or galls, root lesions, excessive root branching, injured root tips, and stunted root systems. Symptoms on the above-ground plant parts indicating root infection are a slow decline of the entire plant, wilting even with ample soil moisture, foliage yellowing, and fewer and smaller leaves. 2/8/

18 Bulb and stem nematodes produce stem swellings and shortened internodes. Bud and leaf nematodes distort and kill bud and leaf tissue. 2/8/

19 Precaution and Control Rotate crops to control certain nematodes. Rotation is useful for types that have a narrow host range, such as sugar beets attacked by the cyst nematode. Use of crops that reduce nematode damage like marigold and garlic. Use of neem cake (soil application) and neem oil (soil drenching with irrigation water) Use of biocontrol agents (Trade name : Nematone) 2/8/

20 Blight It is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or floral organs Dark brown or black patches surrounded by paler areas on wilted and curled leaves. 2/8/

21 Control Spray TLG cow urine based 20ml /1 ltr of water Seed and soil application of Trichoderma Precaution Plant protection from direct sunlight by use of shade net 2/8/

22 Powdery mildew Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew grows well in environments with high humidity and moderate temperatures. It is important to be aware of powdery mildew and its management as the resulting disease can significantly reduce crop yields. 2/8/

23 Signs and Symptoms It is one of the easier diseases to spot, as its symptoms are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems. The lower leaves are the most affected, but the mildew can appear on any above-ground part of the plant. As the disease progresses, the spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual spores are formed, and the mildew may spread up and down the length of the plant. Powdery mildew grows well in environments with high humidity and moderate temperatures. 2/8/

24 Control Dusting of ash containing Sulphur Soil and seed treatment with 10 gm/ sq.m. and 5gm /kg seed respectively Foliar spray of Mixture of 10 gm baking soda, 10 gm soap powder and 10 gm edible oil/neemoil in 1 ltrwater 2/8/