Crop Residue Management. Matters! (and it starts on the Combine) James Dyck, OMAFRA Greg Stewart, Maizex Seeds

Transcription

1 Crop Residue Management Matters! (and it starts on the Combine) James Dyck, OMAFRA Greg Stewart, Maizex Seeds

2 WHY does residue management matter? Outline HOW to do a better job with the combine WHAT to do after the combine 2

3 Why Concern Over Surface Residue?? Temperature Reduction in the Seedbed Interference with Seed - Soil Contact Obstruction of Emerging Seedlings Release of Compounds that Inhibit Crop Growth Tie-up of Available Nitrogen Enhances Volatilization from Surface Applied Urea Harbour Insects or Disease Interferes with Crop Harvest Obstructs Manure Infiltration / Incorporation Impedes the Performance of Tillage Implements 3

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5 Horst Bohner Preparing a Site For Maximum Soybean Yield Research! 5

6 Concern Over Residue Uniformity Temperature Reduction in the Seedbed Interference with Seed - Soil Contact Obstruction of Emerging Seedlings Release of Compounds that Inhibit Crop Growth Tie-up of Available Nitrogen Enhances Volatilization from Surface Applied Urea Harbour Insects or Disease Interferes with Crop Harvest Obstructs Manure Infiltration / Incorporation Impedes the Performance of Tillage Implements 6

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10 First line of residue management defense: Residue management starts here Spreader Thresher Header 10

11 How good a job are you doing? Combine Survey How wide can your combine spread? What type of system do you have? What adjustments can you make? 11

12 How good is your residue performance? Measure width of cut Measure width of residue-covered ground (measure straw and chaff separately, if possible) Divide residue width by total width % RESIDUE COVER Total Cutting Width Residue Spread Width 12

13 RULE No. 1 Don t CUT wider than you can SPREAD Missed opportunity Aim for > 80% residue cover 13

14 How good is your residue performance? 14

15 How good is your residue performance? 15

16 How good is your residue performance? 16

17 How good is your residue performance? 17

18 RULE No. 1 Up front options Straight cut head not much to help with residue management Corn head Chopping rolls Stalk stompers or rollers

19 Chopping rolls Image property of Calmer Corn Heads, Inc. Copyright

20 Stalk rollers Photo credit: Collin Palmer, Kearney Planters ( Used by permission. 20

21 Roller results Photo credit: Collin Palmer, Kearney Planters ( Used by permission. 21

22 Tail end options Rotary straw spreader Dual rotary spreaders Independent speed adjustment Built-in wind sensors 22

23 Tail end options Choppers Manual vane tailboard Powered tailboard Powered chaff spreaders 23

24 Tail end options Spread chaff + drop straw 24

25 How wide am I cutting? Questions to ask yourself How much residue will there be? How big are the pieces? How windy is it? 25

26 Find it and dust it off! 26

27 Keep knives sharp! Adjust speed Maintain belts Stationary knives More power needed Finer cut Smaller residue is (sometimes) better but not too small Straw Chopper Adjustments 27

28 Rotary Spreader Adjustment Adjust paddles for even spread Spreader speed affects throw distance Set speed to compensate for wind 28

29 Tailboard Adjustment Tailboard height affects spread width Adjust vanes for even spread pattern Manual vane: set fan or chopper speed high enough Powered: adjust speed for full spread Wider Narrower 29

30 The of making adjustments one at a time! 1. change one thing 2. check performance 3. change another thing 4. check performance again 5. 30

31 Older machine? Need more spread factor? Aftermarket Spreaders Choppers etc. or a new combine altogether 31

32 - Make residue management part of the contract Custom harvested? - Be clear on expectations or find a new harvest guy 32

33 Combine Summary MEASURE your residue performance Aim for 100% residue cover! Know the tools you have on board Make adjustments for top performance Aftermarket options are available Don t CUT wider than you can SPREAD but what if the residue isn t where you want it after harvest? 33

34 Producer: Steve Broad, Woodstock Ontario Implement: Sunflower Coulter Chisel Plow

35 Questions. Strengths. Weaknesses.

36 Producer: Dave Durham, Dutton Implement: Great Plains Turbo-till

37 Questions. Strengths. Weaknesses.

38 Residue Management - Planter Priorities? Coulters? Down Pressure? Row Cleaners? 38

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41 Post-Harvest Options 41

42 Planter Priorities The Combination of In Row Residue and Poorly Closed Seed Trenches Spells Trouble 42

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47 Becks Hybrids PFR 2016 Summary

48 Schaffert Zippers SI Distributing Finger-till Wheels Copperhead Ag Furrow Cruisers

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50 WANTED DEAD or ALIVE 30 % Cover