Watershed Development Department Government of Karnataka India. Project Implementation Plan OF KARNATAKA WATERSHED PROJECT II (SUJALA III)

Transcription

1 Watershed Development Department Government of Karnataka India Project Implementation Plan OF KARNATAKA WATERSHED PROJECT II (SUJALA III) 03 JULY 2015 I

2 ACRONYMS AET AHO AIR ANTRIX AO APD ATMA AWS BMP BPL CAS CB CBO CEO CGWB CN DAHVS DEM DL DLC DLRC DMG DOA DOAH DOH DPC DPR DSS DWDO DWDT EC ED : Actual Evapo Transportation : Assistant Horticultural Officer : All India Radio : Antariksha : Agricultural Officer : Additional Project Director : Agricultural Technology Management Agency : Automatic Weather Station : Best Management Practices : Below Poverty Line : Country Assistance Strategy : Capacity Building : Community Based Organization : Chief Executive Officer : Central Groundwater Board : Concept Note : Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services : Digital Elevation Model : Digital Library : District Level committee : District Level Review Committee : Department of Mines and Geology : Department of Agriculture : Department of Animal Husbandry : Department of Horticulture : Detail Project Committee : Detail Project Report : Decision Support System : District Watershed Development officer : District Watershed Development Team : Executive committee : Executive Director II

3 EOI ESMF FM FMPC FYP GIS GOI GOK GP HD HOPCOMS ICAR ICRISAT ICT IDA IIHR IISc INM IPM ISO ISRO IT IUFR IWMP KSNDMC KSRSAC KVA&FSW KVKs KWDP LCC LR LRI LU : Expression of Interest : Environmental Social Management Framework : Finance Management : Finance Management and procurement cell : Five Year Plan : Geographic Information System : Government of India : Government of Karnataka : Grama Panchayat : Horticulture Department : Horticulture Producers Cooperative Marketing Society : Indian council of Agricultural Research : International Crops Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics : Information Communication Tools : International Development Association : Indian Institute of Horticultural Research : Indian Institute of Science : Integrated Nutrient Management : Integrated Pest Management : International Standard Organization : Indian Space Research Organization : Information Technology : Interim Unaudited Financial Reports : Integrated Watershed Management Project : Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring center : Karnataka State Remote Sensing Application Centre : Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University : Krishi Vigyan Kendra : Karnataka Watershed Development Project : Land Capability Class : Land Resource : Land Resource Inventory : Land Use III

4 M&E : Monitoring and Evaluation MEL&D : Monitoring Evaluation, Learning and Documentation MIS : Management of Information System MNREGS : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme MOA : Ministry of Agriculture MOU : Memorandum of Understanding MWs : Micro Watersheds NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development NBSS&LUP : National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning NGO : Non-Governmental Organization NRAA : National Rainfed Area Authority NREGS : National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme NRHM : National Rainfed Horticultural Mission NRM : Natural Resource Management OGC : Open Geo Consortium PDO : Project Development objective PEC : Project Empowered committee PET : Potential Evapo Transpiration PIA : Project Implementation Agency PMSC : Project Management Support Cell PPA : Pre Project Activity PPMU : Project planning and Management Unit PRA : Participatory Rural Appraisal PTC : Project Technical Cell R&D : Research and Development RDPR : Rural Development and Panchayat Raj. REC : Research and Extension Cell RFO : Range Forest Officer RIDF : Rural Infrastructure Development Fund RRSSC : Regional Remote Sensing Service Centre RSK : Raitha Samparka Kendras SATCOM : Satellite Communication SAUs : State Agricultural Universities IV

5 SC SDLC SHG SLNA SLUSI SRS ST SWS TGA TSP TWDO TWDT UG UHS UK WA WAP WB WC WCDC WDD WMDSS ZP ZREAC : Scheduled Caste : Software Development Life Cycle : Self Help Group : State Level Nodal Agency : Soil and Land Use Survey of India : System Requirement Specifications : Schedules Tribe : Sub-Watershed : Total Geographical Area : Total Solution Provider : Taluk watershed Development officer : Taluk Watershed Development Team : User Group : University of Horticultural Science : United Kingdom : Watershed Assistant : Watershed Action Plan : World Bank : Watershed Committee : Watershed Cell cum Data Centre : Watershed Development Department : Watershed Management Decision Support System : Zilla Panchayat : Zonal Research and Extension Advisory Council V

6 CONTENTS Particulars Page No Chapter-1 1 Introduction Lessons learned in KWDP -I Sujala-I Project Districts Project Location and Beneficiaries Project Approach Implementation support Key Focus Areas of the Project Project Development Objective (PDO) The project phasing and links with IWMP and NREGS 6 Chapter-2 2 Project Components 2.1 Component 1: Support for Improved Programme Integration in Rainfed 8 Areas 2.2 Component 2. Research, Development and Innovation Component 3: Institutional Strengthening Component 4. Strengthening Horticulture in Rainfed Areas 18 Chapter-3 3 Implementation Arrangements Project Implementing Agency Project Partners Project Partners at different levels with Roles Collaboration with other Agencies Project Management Project Planning and Management Unit Project Technical Cell (PTC) 33 VI

7 3.8 Research and Extension Cell (REC) Finance Management and Procurement Cell (FMPC) Project management from District level to community level Project Management Support Cell (PMSC) Training Advisory Group 34 Chapter-4 4 Description of project components 4.1 Component 1: Support for Improved Programme Integration in Rainfed 35 Areas Sub Component: 1.1 Development of a Digital Spatial-Data Library 35 Land Resource Inventory and GIS Database 36 Present Status of the Database 36 Role of the Nodal centres in acquiring primary and secondary data, mapping 38 and digitisation. Community Inter-phasing 40 Responsibilities of the partners in the LRI 42 Training needs (Capacity building) for project personnel and user agencies 45 Training Framework to familiarize the use of DL, DSS and LR Portal 46 Action plan for covering 933 micro watersheds under Sujala III 49 A. Establishment and Maintenance of Digital Library 50 B. Establishment of Land Resources Portal (LR Portal) 54 Sub-component 1.2: Sub-Watershed Assessment (SWA) 57 Land Resource Survey 58 Thematic outputs needed 59 Land Resource maps 59 Preparation of conservation and Land Use Plan 61 Sub-component 1.3: Developing and piloting new decision-support models 63 (DSS) Decision Support System 64 Functions of DSS (at different levels) 66 Utility of the System 67 Roles / Responsibilities of Partners / Agencies 68 Capacity Building and Training 68 VII

8 Sub-component 1.4: Micro-watershed master planning 69 Participatory Planning 71 New Planning 71 Preparing plans 72 Role of Various partners / Agencies / Institutions during planning 72 Synchronizing the Sujala concept into IWMP 76 Action Points for NREGS Convergence Intensive monitoring and documentation at local level Component 2: Research, Development and Innovation Research for integrated land management and agricultural intensification Integrated Hydrological Assessment and Monitoring Technology transfer Strengthening research management Component 3 Institutional Strengthening-Capacity Building Infrastructure improvements 103 Identified Workshops 104 Identified Modules 105 Identified Trainings Component 5. Project Management and Coordination Sub-component 5.1 Human resources Sub-component 5.2 Financial management and procurement Sub-component 5.3 Project monitoring and evaluation 112 Chapter-5 5 Pre Project Studies under taken under the KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) Comprehensive Base line Survey of the project districts Social Assessment Study Environmental Assessment EMF Report 126 Chapter 6 6 Right to Information Act Schematic Diagram of RTI Structure RTI Process Diagram 139 VIII

9 6.3 Grievances Redressal 140 Annexure I : Agro Climatic characteristics of Project districts 142 Annexure II : Particulars of Watersheds proposed for KWDP II (Phase I) 143 Annexure - III : Abstract of Watersheds proposed for KWDP II (Phase I) 145 Annexure IV : Need for Land Resource Inventory 146 Annexure V : Sequence of activities involved in the execution of Land Resource Inventory in watershed areas Annexure - VI : Tools, Equipment and facilities required for LRI 156 Annexure VII : Decision Support System Acquisition of Pre-requisites for development of WMDSS 162 Development of WMDSS tool 162 Implementation of WMDSS 163 Annexure VIII : Preparation of Net Plan and Detailed Project Report in IWMP 164 Annexure IX : Schemes of Horticulture Department Suited to Watershed Areas 166 Annexure X : Project monitoring indicators 168 Annexure XI : Project Gantt Chart 177 Annexure XII : Karnataka Watershed Development Project II and Integrated Watershed Management Programme Process Diagram Annexure - XIII : Project Cost Table IX

10 LIST OF FIGURES Particulars 1 Project districts. 3 2 Organogram - Overall Project Management 29 3 Districts to be surveyed by the Nodal centres 41 4 Training Frame work in Component Schematic figure indicating the flow of datasets from different sources to the DL 6 Configuration of Digital Library 53 7 LP Deliverables 55 8 Schematic configuration of the Land Resources Portal 56 9 From Land Resource Inventory to Land Use Planning Schematic representation of Component Typical Workflow of WMDSS New Planning Process Integrated participatory approach in establishing the hydrological monitoring network 13 Schematic Representation of component 2 97 Page No 14 Information Flow for Monitoring & Evaluation X

11 Chapter-1 Introduction Discussions between the World Bank, Government of India (GOI) and Government of Karnataka (GOK) resulted in the formulation of a new Watershed Development Project. Watershed Development Projects in Karnataka are popularly known as Sujala (Su: is Good, Jala: is water). The proposed project will be known as Karnataka Watershed Development Project II (KWDP II). This will be third in Sujala series (SUJALA III). The Sujala I was World Bank assisted project implemented in 6 Districts during 2002 to 2009 whereas Sujala II is NABARD (RIDF) assisted project implemented in 6 Districts during 2008 to 2014 other than Sujala I districts and also proposed Sujala III districts. The proposed new project will address the following three important areas: Integrating watershed development with all other land-based research and developmental programmes. This would help rainfed farmers access a range of information tools, adopt innovations and diversify crop, horticulture and livestock production and improve the value chain through Best Management Practices within their particular farming systems. Better understanding of hydrological dynamics for scientific management of water and quantification of upstream and downstream effects of watershed interventions to enable better targeted interventions to address surface and groundwater management issues and minimise negative externalities. To develop science-based land and water management practices for effective convergence of the IWMP approach with the employment-based MNREGSfinanced soil and water conservation programmes. This will enable Gram Panchayats (GP), communities and policy makers to adopt scientific strategies to tackle local problems and livelihood issues through a robust Decision Support System. Such interventions have so far not been a part of planned watershed development, although some provisions for convergence into Watershed Net Plans exist. The Watershed Development Department in Karnataka is well-positioned to pilot such an approach by building on the success of the earlier Bank-supported Karnataka Watershed Development Project I (KWDP -I) (Sujala-I). 1

12 1.1 Lessons learned in KWDP -I Sujala-I: Combining watershed and livelihoods interventions to establish quality economic benefits. Knowledge of the hydrological behaviour of micro and macro-watersheds is essential for effective management of the scarce water-resource. The participatory approaches adopted in Sujala-I for conservation and management of natural resources helped to improved productivity and livelihoods. Concurrent monitoring and evaluation enable improvements in the implementation of the project for success. Empowerment of lead farmers as local champions for future leadership encourages farmers to adopt improved technologies. In the backdrop of the range of lessons learnt, the proposed project design has been evolved into a model that complements the ongoing IWMP through technical support and facilitates convergence between IWMP and MNREGS (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme) including the activities and programmes of line departments. The current KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) - project s success depends on development of an effective model for convergent-implementation-plan which would contribute to sustainable improvements in conserving the productivity of natural resources and livelihoods of small farmers in rainfed areas, while improving the effectiveness of public expenditure. 1.2 Project Districts Karnataka Watershed Development Project II (Sujala-III) was to be implemented over a period of six years and as a part of the centrally financed IWMP planned for the selected 7 project districts, namely Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgir, Gadag, Koppal, Davangere, and Chamarajanagar subsequently 4 CGIAR districts such as Tumkur, Bijapur, Raichur and Chikkamagalur were also added (Fig 1). The Agro Climatic characteristics of Project districts is furnished in Annexure. I * IWMP is an ongoing GOI programme that supports participatory watershed management, preparation of soil and water conservation net plans, production systems and micro-enterprises, livelihood development through Self- Help Groups, and monitoring and evaluation of implementation and impacts. 2

13 Fig 1 Project districts. 3

14 1.3 Project Location and Beneficiaries: Project s Name Project Period Karnataka Watershed Development Project - KWDP-II (SUJALA - III) April 2013 Dec Six Years Project Cost GOK Rs (30%) + World Bank Rs (70%) = Total Rs Crore. Location Eleven districts: Bidar, Gulbarga. Yadgir, Koppal, Gadag, Davanagere Chamarajanagar, Tumkur, Bijapur, Raichur and Chikkamagalur. Average Annual Between 595 mm and 890 mm over 35 to 43 rainy days. Rainfall Total Area 931 MWS covering 4,46,954 ha - Annexure - II & III Farmers Covered Small Farmers Landless Families Drought 159,775 farmers. (Indirectly benefits 319,550 ha of cropped land area operated by 159,775 farmers.) Small farm holders account for 66 percent of the project farmers 39,400 landless families. Rainfed agriculture covering about 278,000 ha in the project area, experiences at least two drought years in a five-year cycle due to prolonged dry spells during crop season and/or delayed onset of the monsoon The KWDP-II aims to increase the productivity of natural resources through scientific management of 931 MWS covering 4,46,954 ha. The project proposes to complement IWMP activities in these 931 MWSs for scientific integrated planning and development. 1.4 Project Approach Three key pillars of the World Bank s Countries Assistance Strategy (CAS) for India are: Helping to achieve rapid inclusive growth and poverty reduction in rainfed areas through improved agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods; Ensuring sustainable development through improved natural resource management (especially water), with resilience to climate change; and 4

15 Increasing the effectiveness of service delivery, by covering integrated watershed management with other development programmes adopting science-based approaches. The project specifically targets convergence of scientific knowledge and R&D innovations in crop production and watershed management and strengthening of institutional capacities to enhance overall productivity of natural resources. The project involves the landscape-analysis approach for development of knowledge base and design of decision tools to promote watershed participatory planning by integrating programmes related to Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries and Groundwater activities along with IWMP & MNREGS for land development and NRM under Environment Social Management Framework (ESMF). 1.5 Implementation support Implementation support will focus on the quality of research and development (studies, tools, etc), adoptive trials for demonstration and incorporation of these ideas in watershed operations. Capacity building activities will also be reviewed, especially those designed to strengthen agricultural extension service delivery. Other key areas of focus for implementation support will be integration of sectoral development programmes and broader programme convergence between IWMP and MNREGS with soil and water conservation operations. Resulting in integrated participatory planning process leading to improved IWMP planning process. 1.6 Key Focus Areas of the Project KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) project will address following key areas: Improving the integration of watershed development, agricultural programmes, and related research. This will help small farmers take up innovations and key schemes, have better access to a range of information tools and support mechanisms, improve value addition, and diversify crop, horticulture and livestock productivity within their particular farming systems. Better understanding of hydrological dynamics based on good science and integrated into watershed plans. This will help in better targeted interventions. 5

16 Augmenting the capacity of the community as well as local institutions to effectively integrate MNREGS watershed interventions, to address correct positioning of structures, and to ensure technical quality. Thus, Dovetailing MNREGA with IWMP to ensure substantial improvements in watershed quality. Shifting the approach of Gram Panchayat (GP) members and communities towards science-based land management, and linking them into planning tools, which would provide a more strategic approach for using MNREGS resources. 1.7 Project Development Objective (PDO): The proposed Project Development Objective (PDO) is to demonstrate more effective watershed management through greater integration of programmes related to rainfed agriculture, innovative and science-based approaches, and strengthened institutions and capacities. 1.8 The project phasing and links with IWMP and NREGS: Year 1 : Institution strengthening, initiating key Research and Development (R&D) studies, developing the data base. The IWMP shall engage with participating communities through group formation, social mobilization and training in Year 1. The Bank will simultaneously support the activities around sub-watershed and micro-watershed planning to broaden the focus of IWMP micro-watershed net plan preparation processes by strengthening the land resource inventory and GIS database input including hydrology. The GIS database work shall continue in the second and third year to cover all the identified micro watersheds. Year 2 : Link with IWMP Batch V & VI and MNREGS field activities through planning and training. In Year 2, the effectiveness of IWMP will be enhanced by better integration with agriculture, horticulture, agroforestry and MNREGS operations. Year 3 : Post-harvest support, R&D, follow-on capacity building in IWMP Batch V & VI areas. In Year 3, Bank supported initiatives will focus on 6

17 incremental activities to promote agricultural intensification across a range of products, market development, value addition, etc, through strengthened extension services Year 4 and Year 5 : A similar approach will be used in IWMP Batch VII & VIII operations Year 6 : Consolidation and withdrawal from project sites 7

18 Chapter-II Project Components The project will be implemented through the following five components: 2.1 Component 1: Support for Improved Programme Integration in Rainfed Areas This will test and demonstrate new planning by incorporating science-based approaches especially hydrological modelling and decision tools and M&E approaches through IWMP by convergence with other development programmes. Implementation will be through the following five activities; i) Developing and piloting new decision-support systems for integrated watershed management through science-based land use planning. ii) Development of a digital spatial-data library for integrated land use planning to combine other development schemes for watershed management by the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) in association with consortium partners. iii) Development and piloting of integrated sub-watershed assessment and planning, with particular focus on broader hydrological dynamics of the 14 pilot subwatersheds (SWS). iv) Strengthening integrated micro-watershed master planning under IWMP by providing incremental support to the WDD and communities for more effective linkages with agricultural, horticultural and livestock development programmes, and convergence between IWMP and MNREGS; and v) Strengthening community-based monitoring and documentation by providing technical support for local M&E systems including simple groundwater monitoring equipment and IT tools as well as training in participatory M&E. 8

19 Important Activities Identified Integration with programmes and agencies Partner Agencies, SUJALA-III IWMP Community & NGOs Component-1. Support for Improved Program Integration in Rainfed Areas activities. Main Objective: Intervention of this component results in developing a scientific base for participatory micro watershed master planning with suitable tools, technical and knowledge support and Capacity Building Activities. Establishment of Main Activities Digital Lib.(DL) i. Developing and piloting new decision-support models for Development and integrated watershed management and site selection; Establishment of ii. Development of a spatial digital library for an integrated Decision Support landscape approach for watershed management planning by System.(DSS) the National Bureau of Social Survey and Land Use Planning Sub Watershed (NBSS&LUP), pulling together a range of data and map Assessment on layers, initially focusing on pilot watersheds, and establishing scientific lines. a land resources portal for wider data access by stakeholders; Participatory iii. Development and piloting of integrated sub-watershed micro-watershed assessment and planning, with particular focus on broader master planning. hydrological dynamics of the 931 watersheds. The activities Intensive would include mapping, ground water planning and monitoring and modelling, and dissemination of recommendations for microwatershed planning; documentation at local level iv. Strengthening integrated micro-watershed master planning under IWMP by providing incremental support to the WDD and communities for more effective linkages with agricultural development programs, including horticulture and agroforestry. 9

20 Component-1. Support for Improved Program Integration in Rainfed Areas activities. Expected Outcomes: The improved micro-watershed plans would facilitate science based convergence between IWMP and NREGS for soil and water conservation. o Key areas for convergence would be on developing a common awareness and local plan for watershed interventions, o Scientific recommendations for watershed management are included in micro-watershed plan. Key results include; ground-water assessment, land-use, and agriculture potential. o Digital library to be in place as per design and fully operational. i.e., all nodes are linked and database accessed on real time basis for planning. o Fully functional system should generate data at specified intervals. o Hydrological monitoring and modeling adopted within regular watershed planning. o Better targeting of interventions, and harmonized technical quality and social accountability mechanisms. o Required studies are completed, delivery systems designed and made functional through RSKs, providing information to farmers. Strengthening community-based monitoring and documentation by providing technical support for local M&E systems including simple water monitoring equipment and IT tools as well as training on participatory M&E. Action: NBSS&LUP, IISc, SAUs UHS, UAHS and others with the support of WDD Component would finance eligible expenditures for goods, consulting services, training and workshops, and incremental operating costs. Therefore; 10

21 Coordinate for procurement of equipment, Quality checks, installation, and execution of activities at lab and field level. Coordinate for internal monitoring and supervise the execution of deliverables committed by the service providers. Action: Identified Nodal Officers. Action Points Take-up effective steps at different levels for capacity building of the stakeholders. Take up internal studies for identifying learning s in Microwatershed planning through convergence for replication. Action: IWMP Project Implementing Agencies with the help of NBSS&LUP & other partners. 11

22 2.2 Component 2. Research, Development and Innovation Approaches and Tools for Component 1 will be developed under Component 2 through the following activities. i) Research - For integrated land management and agricultural intensification applied research studies across key thematic areas including integrated land management and agricultural intensification, climate-smart agriculture, and agriculture value chains. ii) Integrated Hydrological Assessment and Monitoring - Developing bestpractice approaches and tools for basic and advanced hydrological assessment and monitoring by financing development of systems to deliver appropriate hydrological data from sub-watershed to micro-watershed scales. iii) Technology transfer - Demand-driven technology transfer will be strengthened through the development/adaptation of best-practice models and tools for increased adoption by end-users, for use as planning and training tools at microwatershed level, contingency planning against climatic risks, improved information on markets, post-harvest technology and value addition, and on-farm participatory field trials and demonstrations for specific technologies, for example conservation farming; and iv) Strengthening research management - Management of institutional research to address longer-term need-based technology transfer, quality assurance, and coordination of rainfed agriculture and watershed management research under the Ministry of Agriculture. 12

23 Important Activities Identified Integration with programmes and agencies Partner Agencies, SUJALA-III IWMP Community & NGOs Component; 2 Research, Development and Innovation. Main Objective: Intervention of this component would develop important knowledge and tools for use in components 1 and 3, as well as for eventual scaling-up in the State and beyond, through the following: Research for Applied research studies across key thematic areas integrated landscape including integrated landscape management and management and agricultural intensification Integrated agricultural intensification, climate smart agriculture, and agriculture value chains. Outcome: Studies would generate comprehensive knowledge Hydrological and lessons to support improved integrated Assessment and Monitoring Technology transfer Strengthening research management watershed management, evaluation and provide guidelines for strengthening agriculture value chains, and syntheses and adaptive research for strengthening climate smart agriculture; Developing best practice approaches and tools for basic and advanced hydrological assessment and monitoring by financing development of systems to deliver downscaled hydrological data to microwatershed scales based on appropriate models. The component would also pilot community based management of groundwater based on experiences from other regions; Computer modeling allows us to better organize, test, and refine our thinking about watershed management problems and potential solutions. Modeling to be organized the following areas: o Precipitation and climate models; o Precipitation-runoff models; 13

24 Action Points o Stream and aquifer models; o Infrastructure operations models; o Economic, agronomic, social, environmental demand and performance models; o Decision-making models. Selecting the right model to apply to specific problems requires that several factors to be considered along with the objectives for modeling in the context of the field decision problem. Demand-driven technology transfer strengthened through the development/adaptation of best practice models and tools for increased adoption by endusers, which would include; Planning and training tools at micro-watershed levels, Maps and climate information for use by farmers in decision making, Agro-climatic advisory risk systems, Improved web-based information on markets, post-harvesting and value addition, and on-farm participatory field trials and demonstrations for specific technologies like conservation farming; Research management to strengthen the institutional arrangements for long-term need-based research identification, technology transfer, research quality assurance, and coordination of rainfed agriculture and watershed management research under the Ministry of Agriculture. Action: PPMU - REC, IISc, and Service providers. 1. The component would finance eligible expenditures for goods, consulting services, training and workshops, and incremental operating costs. 2. Processing for Inviting Expression of Interest (EOI) as per the plan. Action: PPMU/REC and Service providers. 14

25 2.3 Component 3: Institutional Strengthening The capacity to use the tools and information systems, including key extension systems of the Karnataka WDD to manage and monitor the programmes, will be strengthened under components 3 and 4 (the latter with focus on horticulture). The activities in Component 3 are: i) Training and capacity-building, Training and capacity building to address the needs of end users in terms of extension, integrated watershed management and value addition. Towards this end, training modules shall be developed along with awareness-raising activities and a structured set of exposure visits. Training will be provided to village level extension agents (Watershed Assistants, Gopala Mitras and Jala Mitras), community institutions, Gram Panchayat members, and farmers. Special emphasis shall be given to lead farmers who could form a core group as champions to provide peer-to-peer support to other farmers. ii) WDD will engage a competent agency to undertake detailed training need assessment and to develop training modules and tools to train stakeholders at different levels and to delivers the training programmes. NGOs at district level will assist the agency inn arranging for logistics for capacity building activities. iii) Capacity building at State level. At state level, institutional strengthening will include training to implementing agencies, particularly to handle DSS and use the Digital Library, strengthening the development of in-house M&E systems, supporting relevant national and international exposure visits, and improving capacities in farmer contact centres in project areas. iv) Upgrading two District Watershed Training centres servicing key project areas, and strengthening their internal information technology (IT) systems to handle activities related to capacity building of the stakeholders. 15

26 Integration with programmes and agencies Important Activities Identified SUJALA-III IWMP Partner Agencies, Community & NGOs Component 3: Institutional Strengthening. Objective of component 3 intervention is to address a need to make a range of tools, some identified under component 2, and to make rainfed agriculture schemes more accessible to enhance farmer adoption, strengthening information and extension systems, to help farmers to improve integrated watershed management practices and sustain rainfed productivity and incomes in long run. Training and To address these above said issues the sub-components would capacity building provide: Infrastructure Training and capacity building that would assess the needs of improvements end users in terms of extension, integrated watershed management and value addition, and then development and delivery of training modules, awareness raising activities, and structured exposure visits. For this purpose specialized and experienced training NGOs will be engaged to deliver most of the trainings. Take action to procure qualified NGOs by following Banks procurement methods. Action PPMU/REC and Service providers. Training would be provided to village level extension agents, community institutions, Gram Panchayat members, and farmers. Special emphasis would be given to lead farmers who would form a core group as champions and peer-to-peer support to other farmers; Institutional strengthening training at state level, would include training to implementing agencies, particularly to strengthen the development of in-house M&E systems, Supporting relevant national and international exposure visits, 16

27 Improving capacities of farmer contact centres in project areas; Upgrading two District Watershed Training centres servicing key project areas, and strengthen their internal information technology (IT) systems and for trainings. Action: PPMU/REC and Service providers. The component would finance eligible expenditures for goods, consulting services, training, minor works, and incremental operating costs. Get the requirement list from the concerned and process for the requirements as per the procurement procedures. Action: PPMU/REC and Service providers. 17

28 2.4 Component 4. Strengthening Horticulture in Rainfed Areas The aim is to strengthen the knowledge base regarding horticultural potential in rainfed areas, and to demonstrate and build the capacity of institutions and communities to improve production and value addition of horticultural products in project areas. Project support will be provided through four sub-components: i) Training and demonstrations for farmer groups (Sanghas) regarding annual and perennial crops, nutrition gardens, water management, production methods and diversification, etc; ii) Soil and crop monitoring in horticultural crops: The returns from horticultural crops are considered to be lower than in field crops due to inappropriate management. Monitoring soils for fertility through soil and leaf analysis of the plants on regular basis would help the farmers to use inputs as appropriate for improving yield and through economic returns. iii) Strengthening horticultural post-harvest management and value-addition through technical support for identifying practices for various crops on harvest and postharvest management, feasibility studies and participatory value chain investigations involving Horticultural Producers Cooperative Marketing and Processing Society (HOPCOMS) in Karnataka. The Horticulture Department (HD) skill-development programmes for Sanghas will be expanded through field demonstrations. iv) Supporting Horticulture Department to deliver the component through incremental costs for specialist staff, travel, equipment and materials. 18

29 Important Activities Identified Integration with programmes and agencies SUJALA-III IWMP Component 4. Strengthening Horticulture in Rainfed Areas. Partner Agencies, Community & NGOs Main Objective: Horticulture sector is an important part of watershed development as it plays both a nutritional and income generating role for rainfed farmers. Based on the sujala-i experience, the component intervention would integrate and expand Horticulture production in the project area, facilitating for demonstrations, soil and crop monitoring, post-harvest and value and Horticultural services support. Extension and demonstrations for productivity improvement. Farmer horticulture soil and crop monitoring. Horticulture postharvest management and value chain. Horticultural services support Activities: This component would support for: i) Training of farmer groups / Sanghas and organising ii) iii) iv) demonstrations around annual and perennial crops, nutrition gardens, crop water management, production methods and diversification, etc; Promoting soil and horticulture crop monitoring through soil and leaf tissue testing in the existing crops and related training and literature; Action: Horticulture Department. Strengthening horticulture post-harvest management and value-addition through technical support to develop recommendations for various crops on harvest and postharvest management, feasibility studies and participatory value chain investigations. This would include field demonstrations of low-cost equipment, and expanding the Horticulture Department (HD) skill development programs for CBOs/ User Groups / Sanghas. Action: Horticulture Producers Cooperative Marketing and Processing Society (HOPCOMS) Supporting the Horticulture Department to deliver the component through incremental costs for specialist staff, travel, equipment and materials. Action: Horticulture Department. 19

30 The component would finance eligible expenditures for goods, consulting services, training, and incremental operating costs. Collect a detailed plan of Implementation from the Horticulture Department. Process for the procurements based on the proposals received by the HD as per the Procurement Policy of WB project. Action: PPMU/REC and Service providers 20

31 2.5 Component 5. Project Management and Coordination This will provide incremental support to WDD to strengthen the IWMP coordination and management systems already in place, and to ensure that the additional activities of the project are effective. Project support will be provided through three sub-components. i) Project management and coordination - Overall project implementation support through additional specialized technical staff (both full and part-time) in headquarters and field offices, covering various fields including agriculture, hydrology/meteorology, GIS/MIS, environment, training, documentation, procurement, financial management, and legal services. ii) Financial management and procurement - Through consultancies for financial management, procurement, and audit to augment WDD capabilities and systems costs for staff training in procurement and financial management procedures prescribed by the Bank. iii) Project monitoring and evaluation - Through third party monitoring and evaluation relevant to project activities specifically, complementing the overall M&E system operating under IWMP, which in turn would be further strengthened under component

32 Integration with programmes and agencies Important Activities Identified Partner Agencies, SUJALA-III IWMP Community & NGOs Component 5. Project management and coordination Main Objective: Financial Support for the Management, Coordination and third party upgraded MEL&D systems. Project management and coordination. Financial management and procurement Project monitoring and evaluation The component would support for; Additional/Incremental specialized staff, both full and part-time based on the requirement, in headquarters and field offices; Incremental administration costs for field travel, creating and managing a project website, improved communications, financial management activities and internal audit, procurement, and equipment to support overall project implementation, etc. The project would have a comprehensive communication and review strategy to ensure wide awareness about the project purpose and lessons and ensure that stakeholders engage in continuous improvement of the project. The component would finance 3 rd party monitoring and evaluation requirements directly tied to project activities, incremental to M&E taking place under IWMP, and would strengthen the internal M&E of the WDD under Component 3.2. WDD would partner with a specialized agency with skills in advanced monitoring of resource conservation technologies, evaluation of hydrological behaviour, management of watersheds and scientific tools developed under the project. The project would primarily fund baseline, input and output monitoring, process monitoring, impact 22

33 assessments, and case studies to guide project implementation. The component would finance eligible expenditures for goods, consulting services, training, and incremental operating costs. Action: PPMU, FMPC. The component would finance eligible expenditures for goods, consulting services, training, and incremental operating costs. Therefore, based on the procurement plan process for formalities for Goods, Services and Training consultancies by following procurement procedures. Action: PPMU, FMPC. 23

34 CHAPTER - 3 Implementation Arrangements 3.1 Project Implementing Agency: The WDD / DoH will be the implementing agency for the project and shall be responsible for ensuring that the project development objectives are met. 3.2 Project Partners The project will be partnering with many state and central organizations and agencies, involved in research, development and management of natural resources in the state. In this connection, Institutions involved in research and management of the natural resources have been identified as service provider of a consortium members for developing science-based watershed management plans under KWDP II (Sujala III). Their proposed roles and responsibilities are listed below. 24

35 3.3 Project Partners at different levels with Roles: Partners / Levels Important Roles I. Government Level. Project Empowered Committee (PEC) The PEC will review progress and provide policy guidance. II. Department Level 1. Watershed Development Department (WDD) / Horticulture Department WDD / DoH will be the Project Implementing Agencies (PIA) and be responsible for ensuring that the project development objectives are met. (DoH) 2. Project Planning Monitoring Unit (PPMU) 1. Assume direct Action for day-to-day project management, coordination and implementation. 2. Take the lead role in planning, coordination and monitoring of the project performance in line with the project implementation schedule. 3. Facilitate regular decision making for implementation of various components of the project, and be responsible for inter-institutional coordination. 4. Ensure resources are budgeted and disbursed, and project accounts are audited. 3. Project Management Support Cell (PMSC) Support project for pre-project actions and provide all types of support during preparatory phase of the project for Integration, Convergence and Coordination among the players and stakeholders. 4. Project Technical Cell (PTC) Shall provide advice and project related support on technical matters for integrated watershed planning and monitoring and hydrology, and overall M&E and reporting. 5. Research and Extension Cell (REC) Shall guide and coordinate project activities relating to delivering research outputs, technology transfer and strengthening local institutions. 25

36 6. Financial Management and Procurement Cell Shall be responsible for the accounting, procurement, and financial control of the project. (FMPC) 7. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) Lead Agency for Consortium of Institutions of Service Providers. Establishing Digital Lab and Decision Support System. 8. Indian Institute of Science (IISc.) Hydrological studies. Provide input for Hydrology in DSS. 9. State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) Bengaluru, Dharwar and Raichur, UHS, UAHS Shimoga. Providing Technical Inputs for, Participatory Research. Will be associated with NBSS&LUP in Land resource inventory, operationalisation of Digital Library and DSS Establish and operate GIS Labs Extension support 10. Indian Institute of Participatory Research. Horticultural Research (IIHR) 11. Karnataka Veterinary, Participatory Research work. Animal & Fisheries Sciences University (KVA&FSU) Bidar. 12. Bangalore University Provide Technical Inputs and data on Hydrogeology. (B.U) 13. Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Provide weather parameters for watershed and other areas of the state. Centre (KSNDMC) Undertake weather analysis for identifying frequency of droughts and evolve plans related to climate smart farming. Provide base for developing contingency plans to overcome weather aberrations. 14. Krishi Vigyan Kendras Provide Technical Inputs and work as knowledge 26

37 (KVKs) centres particularly in Technology Transfer. 15. Horticultural Producers Cooperative Marketing Forward & Backward linkages for value chain and marketing support. Society (HOPCOMS) 16. ICRISAT Capacity building Demonstration of productivity enhancement technologies Preparing bid document for hiring services of total solution provider for establishing DL and DSS and its implementation 17. Third Part M & E agencies Concurrent Process monitoring Input-output monitoring Impact Assessment III. District Level 1. Joint Director s of Facilitator and Project Implementation& Monitoring. Agriculture (JDAs) 2. District Watershed Development Teams (DWDTs) 1. Technical support and internal monitoring. 2. Technology transfer and work as District Resource Group. 3. District Level Committee (DLC) 1. Convergence of MNREGA and other line department programmes. 2. Scrutiny and approval of DPRs. 1. Taluk Watershed Development Officer / ADA 2. Watershed Development Teams (WDT) IV. Taluk Level Facilitator and Team Leader of the (WDT) 1. Technical support and internal monitoring. 2. Technology transfer and Taluk Resource Group. 3. Guidance and Quality Assurance for all the Activities of the Project. 3. Raitha Samparka Kendras Technology Extension Unit and Information and 27

38 (RSKs) and Krishi Vigyan Knowledge Resource centres. Kendras (KVKs) 1. Community Monitoring Social audit Groups Participatory monitoring and impact assessment Hydrological monitoring V. Sub watershed 1. Non Governmental 1. Social Mobilisation, Awareness Building through Agency (NGO) Training Street plays, Jatha and other extension means. NGO 2. Facilitator for coordinating Net Planning, Production Systems and Livelihood Sub-plan preparation. 2. Resource Specialist and Work with NBSS&LUP for land-use planning. Support Man power for Watershed Assessment (Out-Sourced) VI. Micro-watershed level 2. Executive Committee EC Participatory Plan preparation and Implementation. (Watershed Sangha) Ensuring Accountability, Transparency and Quality Checks. 3. User Groups (UGs) Participatory Plan preparation and end use of the assets and their maintenance. 4. Self Help Groups (SHGs) Participatory Plan preparation and beneficiaries Implementation of Livelihood activities. The linkages of partners in the KWDP-II (Sujala-III) project are shown in the following Management Organogram. 28

39 MOA: (DoA, DoH, WDD) WDD PEC PPMU Other Departments: Animal Husbandry, Forestry, Mines and Geology, RDPR, KSNDMC etc., Project cells for advisory and technical support FMPC PTC REC Project partners NBSS&LUP Agriculture/ Veterinary/ Horticulture Universities &IISc Component 1. Support for Improved Program Integration in Rainfed Areas Component 2. Research and Development Component 4. Horticultural Component 3. Institutional Development ICAR Institutions Specialized NGO Private sector IWMP and NREGS: DWDT; WDT/Local NGOs GPs, Watershed committees User groups Local extension systems District Training Centers RSKs and KVKs Farmer facilitators and farmer groups, Sanghas Figure -2. Organogram-Overall Project Management 3.4 Collaboration with other Agencies There is a need for collection of secondary data related to physical, biophysical and socio-economic status of the project area. As this information is held by different organizations at several levels in varying formats and scales, it needs to be collated and brought to the same scale. Hence the following departments / institutions are associated as partners for sharing information. Agency Responsibilities and Information to be shared Department of Agriculture (DoA) Convergence of Agricultural Intensification and Technology Transfer as well as crop advisories through various ongoing programmes and Mechanisms, information on crops, cropping patterns and yield. Department of Dovetailing of various ongoing programmes and Horticulture (DoH) Mechanisms on Horticultural Intensification and Technology Transfer in Information on areas under horticultural crops and yields. 29

40 Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services (DAH&VS) MNREGS Directorate Bangalore University (B.U) Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI) Incorporation of Animal husbandry programmes in the Participatory Micro-plans for watersheds. Details of livestock, breed improvement and diseases. Incorporation of MNREGS activities for Land Treatment in the Participatory Micro-plans. Financial allocations for such works. Integration of hydro-geological programmes in the Participatory Micro-plans. Information on groundwater status and functional wells. Hydro geological map and groundwater details Improved Package of practices, technological inputs and problems and prospects of horticultural crops Partnering with the NBSS&LUP in field survey, review and correlation 4.5 Project Management The Project Empowered Committee (PEC) The PEC at the apex level will guide, monitor and supervise the implementation of the ongoing IWMP. PEC will also guide and monitor the WDD in implementing the KWDP II (Bank project), through IWMP. The PEC is constituted by the members drawn from the line departments, GOI representatives, Vice Chancellors of Agriculture Universities and is chaired by the Additional Chief Secretary and Development Commissioner, GOK. In view of the extended requirements for broader sector integration and convergence with NREGS under the project, the PEC will include the Secretaries of Agriculture, Horticulture, Planning, Finance, Animal Husbandry, Rural Development and Panchayat Raj plus the Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests. The PEC will also include the Director, Mines and Geology, and Director, KSNDMC. There will also be a representation of civil society experienced in participatory and integrated watershed management, as well as one from the private sector with adequate experience in 30

41 agricultural value chains in rainfed areas. The Commissioner - WDD will be Member Secretary. The PEC provides overall guidance on policy aspects relating to watershed development, integration between departments, and convergence. The PEC will review progress and shall provide policy guidance. It will also look into mid-course corrections, and issue guidelines for smooth implementation of the project. This will complement the ongoing IWMP responsibility of the PEC to approve the perspective and strategic plan for watershed development on the basis of block and district plans. The PEC will work closely with the SLNA in IWMP presently which acts as a link between the state and the Central Nodal Agency at GOI level for appraisal and clearance of watershed programmes, and thus provides a channel to raise wider policy issues relating to the project. The PEC issues financial and administrative sanctions, organize recruitments, and assign works and consultancies as required by the project. It will approve the annual implementation plan, and procurement of goods (by the line departments) exceeding Rs. 10 million (US$217,400), and works and services required by the line departments exceeding Rs. 1 million (US$21,739). 3.6 Project Planning and Management Unit At the state level, a Project Planning and Management Unit (PPMU) will be set up within the WDD and shall assume direct responsibility for project management. The Commissioner - WDD in Bangalore will be the Project Director responsible for overall project implementation. For effective day-to-day coordination of project implementation, the Commissioner will be assisted by a full-time Executive Project Director, who is also the Additional Project Director (APD) Coordination. The members of the PPMU will be the sectoral heads of Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture and Animal Husbandry in WDD headquarters, the Director of Mines and Geology, Director of Horticulture, Director of NREGS as well as Director of the Disaster Monitoring Cell GOK, Directors of Research of different universities and the Head, NBSS&LUP, Bangalore will be members. An expert on groundwater will also be a member. The Executive Project Director will be the member Secretary. The PPMU will take the lead role in planning, coordination and monitoring of project performance in line with the existing IWMP implementation schedule, and facilitate 31

42 decision-making for implementation of various components of the project, and be responsible for inter-institutional coordination. It will also ensure that requirements are budgeted, be in charge of all project procurement, manage disbursements, and ensure that project accounts are audited. Specific responsibilities of the PPMU will be: a) Preparing annual work programmes, budgets, annual procurement plans and packages b) Coordinating and providing technical support to field-implementation teams c) Informing, supporting, coordinating and interacting with key project partners, and ensuring key stakeholder participation; d) Coordinating and reporting the results of monitoring and evaluation of all aspects of project input, outputs and outcomes, as observed by MEL & D agencies the incorporeity learning in the project; e) Monitor project risks and accountability mechanisms; f) Preparing withdrawal applications for disbursements for submission to IDA; g) Maintaining project accounts and arranging for project audits to be done on time and as per specifications; h) Preparing quarterly Interim Unaudited Financial Reports (IUFRs), i) To plan and execute capacity-building programmes for different stakeholders in the project to realize the stated goals. Project funds will be disbursed through the PPMU, which will be responsible for all contracting and procurement in the project, across all components, as advised by technical staff, and consultants and specialized agencies contracted for the purposes. The PPMU will approve procurement of goods by the WDD up to Rs.10 (USD217, 400) million, and works and services required by the WDD and the line departments up to Rs.1million (USD21,739). The WDD will develop agreements with respective agencies for the handover and ownership and maintenance of any equipment purchased by the PPMU. The Executive Project Director shall be assisted by: i) a project technical cell (PTC); ii) a Research and Extension Cell (REC); and iii) a Financial Management and Procurement cell (FMPC). The PTC, REC and FMPC would in turn be aided by specialist consultancies in the development of appropriate management systems and related training to ensure PPMU staff can deliver their required tasks. 32

43 3.7 Project Technical Cell (PTC) to be established in the WDD shall comprise experts in hydrogeology, soils, groundwater, agricultural meteorology, agricultural engineering, economics M&E, GIS/MIS and documentation. This cell will assist the PPMU in dealing with the day-to-day technical aspects of the implementation of the project. The PTC will be responsible for coordinating with agencies and universities on technical matters. It will work closely with the research and extension cell (see below) for integration of research and development products into the IWMP planning processes. It will be the unit primarily responsible for overseeing the project M&E and reporting. 3.8 Research and Extension Cell (REC) will be established under the PPMU to coordinate all aspects of research and extension. The REC will guide and coordinate activities relating to delivering research outputs, technology transfer and strengthening local institutions. The REC will be headed by a senior technical advisor, with two experienced staff deputed from the Department of Agriculture: and one from the Planning unit for research, and one from Extension and Training. Additionally an officer from the Department of Horticulture will be assigned to this cell. A training coordinator and documentation officer will support them. The REC will be responsible for the overall guidance of the research process, advising on procurement of research consultancies, facilitating coordination and partnerships with research agencies, universities, and government departments. It will also oversee capacity-building NGOs and private sector, and evaluate research products and their use, ensuring linkages to technology transfer and dissemination (mainly delivered under component 3). As there will be a considerable number of training packages to be developed and delivered, the REC will be assisted by a lead NGO specialized and experienced in agricultural research/ training and participatory extension. 3.9 Finance Management and Procurement Cell (FMPC) will be established in the WDD under the PPMU for financial and procurement control. The project will have a full-time qualified Finance Manager to be assisted by staff in each of the seven project Districts, including dedicated staff to assist in accounts under the horticulture component. Financial management and procurement consultants will be hired on consultancy/staff basis to assist the PPMU in designing, establishing, and monitoring the FM systems, software installation, and processes for handling finance and procurement issues under the project. 33

44 3.10 Project management from District level to community level At District and Taluk levels the project will provide support staff, training and equipment to build capacity and strengthen the arrangements already in place, mainly the existing DWDTs and WDT under the IWMP. The REC supported by outsourced specialized NGOs will build capacity of existing agricultural and horticultural extension units, especially RSKs, so that the local units can access and use a greater range of information products, decision tools, and manage field demonstrations Project Management Support Cell (PMSC) A project Management and Support Cell will be established in WDD. The Executive Director will head the cell. It undertakes various pre project activities. All the sectoral heads in WDD will be the members and the Agriculture & Horticulture Departments will nominate a senior functionary to this cell. This cell will meet periodically and review pre project activities and liaison with all partner agencies Training Advisory Group A Training Advisory Group will be set up within REC at WDD to assist the Executive Director in monitoring and supervision of various programs and its integration with IWMP training process. 34

45 Chapter 4 Component-wise implementation Arrangements 4.1 Component 1: Support for Improved Programme Integration in Rainfed Areas This component involves DL, LRP & DSS to provide scientifically interpreted data sets for microwatershed master planning process. The activities under this component will enrol participation and assistance by technical partners and SAUs and SHU. MoUs will be developed in co-ordination with concerned partner agencies. Sub Component: 1.1 Development of a Digital Spatial-Data Library: Purpose: To Providing single window access system for Geospatial and other Agriculture-related information for the farming community, researchers, planners and all other users from agriculture and allied sectors facilitating Integrated landscape approach for planning effective watershed management. Location: National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) Bengaluru and 5 partner Universities. As a part of DL development 6 GIS labs (one at NBSS&LUP and Four at partner Agriculture and Horticulture universities) will be established. Project will provide necessary man power support. Objectives: Generation of site-specific land-resource database in a digital form at the watershed level. Design of a suitable architecture for the integrated digital data base storage Develop appropriate protocols for data sharing, definitions and use Guide in the development of e-solutions for integrated watershed management Provide inputs for establishment of a Land Resources Portal Note : Component 4 Horticulture - Implementation arrangements separately compiled by Horticulture Department 35

46 Strategy: Land Resource inventory to assess bio-physical status of natural resources through mapping and digitization on GIS platform. Pooling of relevant information from sources and organisations; compilation, synthesis and analysis of primary and secondary data on climate, surface water and groundwater, land use, crops and cropping pattern, socio-economic parameters etc. of the watershed area. Interpretation of the data and generation of reports and maps on GIS platform Operationalization of Digital Spatial-data Library Implementation This involves two stage i) Land resource Inventory and ii) Development and Establishment of Digital Library. Land Resource Inventory and GIS Database Need for Land Resource Inventory Karnataka state, with an area of M.ha, is endowed with varied climate, fauna and flora, soils, forests, minerals and rivers. The natural resources, which have enriched the social fabric of the state, are under severe stress due to population pressures and competing demands on land resources. This has resulted in large scale land degradation (about 7 m.ha), which is continuing at an alarming rate, and requires urgent and effective remedial interventions. This calls for assessment of potential and constraints. Often the problems are site-specific necessitating farm-level intervention to bring in the desired change or impact. The detailed site-specific information at watershed level, particularly on soil and site characteristics is not available at present in the state. Many studies carried out in various parts of the country, including the recent one carried out in Tirumale sub-watershed near Magadi under IWMP, have proved conclusively the importance of site-specific database for watershed planning and programme implementation in the state. (See Annexure IV) Present Status of the Database: At present land resources are characterized at macro level (1:250,000 and 1:50,000 scales) with respect to certain parameters to broadly indicate the type/category to differentiate through visual observations with limited ground checks. 36

47 Land resources inventory for different uses at cadastral level has not been generated so far in the state. Hydrological information and vegetation details at larger scale are not available as Spatial information. Socio-economic features are not available to know the needs and demands as well as strengths and weaknesses to promote equity, inclusiveness and improving economic status. Next Action: For watershed development site-specific spatial information on various land resources is required and the same can be obtained by carrying out detailed characterisation and mapping of all the existing land resources like soils, climate, minerals and rocks, groundwater, vegetation, crops, land-use pattern, socio-economic conditions, infrastructure and marketing facilities. Execution: The Land Resource Inventory (LRI) is carried out by using cadastral map in conjunction with Cartosat imagery as base. The land parcels or survey numbers having similar soil-site characteristics are grouped as one management unit and this helps greatly in planning and implementation of various watershed development programmes. The National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bangalore will lead the consortium of Institutions identified in the state, for organizing the cadastral level Land Resource Inventory and Mapping. It will provide technical facilitation whereas the WDD will facilitate the consortium of institutions by financing necessary manpower, equipment and goods required by the consortium of institutions to undertake LRI. The NBSS&LUP will enter into MoU with the WDD and will be responsible for Land Resource Inventory. It will have suitable linkages with IISc, the KSNDMC and the SAUs. The required Maps and Imageries will be made available to the NBSS&LUP and Universities. Four Agricultural Universities and one Horticultural University in different zones/districts of the project (Fig 3) will act as Nodal Centres for LRI field inventory. Each university will have four trained field parties to carry out field work for land resource assessment. Standard protocols will be followed in the execution of the 37

48 inventory (See Annexure V). The IISc and B.U will provide the details of Hydrological parameters to be surveyed during LRI. Primary data will be organized through field surveys. Secondary data will be collated from Departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Minor Irrigation, and Economics and Statistics. The Karnataka Watershed Development Department will facilitate the above efforts of the partners. The following Remote Sensing data required will be procured by KSRSAC and provided to the NBSS&LUP for the use in LRI by the consortium partners. Digitised, geo-referenced cadastral base maps and remote sensing datasets, maps and outputs pertaining to the micro-watershed area. Cartosat 1 imagery (Pan+LISS IV, ortho) for the Sujala watershed area first and later for the entire state (hard and soft copy). Required remote sensing Imageries for the entire state (Present and legacy data) at different scales, (soft and hard copy). Temporal data of suitable resolution (1:12,500) for three seasons for the watershed area DEM at the micro-watershed and sub-watershed levels for the operational area Role of the Nodal centres in acquiring primary and secondary data, mapping and digitisation. The Universities of Agricultural Sciences (Bangalore, Dharwad and Raichur), University of Horticultural Sciences (Bagalkot) and University of Agriculture and Horticulture Sciences (Shimoga) will be the Nodal Centres for LRI field investigation. Each nodal centre will have four field parties of trained manpower and they will be deployed for field work in the identified districts, as per the schedule given below. The NBSS&LUP will train the field partners besides undertaking LRI works. 38

49 Land Resource Inventory schedule for Identified Micro Watersheds in Sujala-III District Micro watersheds Area (ha) Chamrajnagar Davangere Gulbarga Yadgir Gadag Koppal Bidar Tumkur Raichur Bijapur Chikkamagalur Total Institution wise micro-watersheds allotted District No. of MWS Batch V Batch VI Total UAS B Chamrajnagar Davanagere Tumkur Total UAS D Gadag Koppal Bijapur Total UHS B Bidar UAHS Chikkamagalur NBSS&LUP Chamrajnagar Tumkur Gadag Gulburga Raichur Bidar Total UAS R Gulbarga Yadgir Raichur Total Grand Total Out of 931 micro watersheds, 698 micro watersheds are already identified remaining 233 will be from VII batch IWMP projects which will be finalized after the approval of PPRs by DoLR, GOI. 39

50 Community Inter-phasing The IWMP NGO in the watersheds will provide necessary community inter-phasing in close coordination with the WDT. Before commencing the Land Resources Inventory at Micro-watershed level stakeholder workshops and training programmes will be organised with audio-visual aids developed by NBSS&LUP. The NBSS&LUP, will also Organize training programmes for field parties, Plan and review the progress of survey different watersheds, Analyse of soil samples collected from the correlated soil series; and Finalisation of maps and reports. The tools and equipment required and facilities and maps inputs needed to execute the LRI project in the eleven districts of the state are furnished in Annexure -VI. 40

51 Fig 3. Districts to be surveyed by the Nodal centres 41

52 Responsibilities of the partners in the LRI: Partner NBSS&LUP, Bangalore [Lead Institute for the Consortium] IISc Bangalore UAS Bangalore, Dharwad, Raichur, UHS Bagalkot and UAHS Shimoga KSNDMC Bangalore Key responsibilities Organizing and executing field surveys and collection of primary data and ground truthing in association with Project partners. Organizing stakeholder workshop Training field parties in LRI Providing standard protocols and proforma Review is the field survey progress Data authentication, data processing Developing Protocols and proforma for collection of data on Hydrology. Developing related training modules and organising trainings. To undertake soil survey and ground truthing under the guidance of NBSS&LUP in the respective areas of their jurisdiction. Analysis of soil samples Finalisation of Maps and Reports for the surveyed watersheds Development of Decision Support System (DSS) To provide weather data for watershed and other areas of the state. To undertake weather analysis for identifying frequency of droughts and evolve plans related to climate-smart farming. To provide base for developing contingency plans to overcome weather aberrations. 42

53 The required secondary data/inputs will be collected from the following agencies Agency Department of Agriculture Department of Horticulture Department of Sericulture Department of Animal Husbandry Department of Fisheries Department of Forestry Department of Minor Irrigation Department of Mines &Geology Central Ground-Water Board, Bangalore Department of Marketing Department of Economics and Statistics Central Soil and water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research centre, Bellary Information to be collected Crops and Cropping pattern and yields Information on horticultural crops, extent and yields Information on sericulture, area and yields Details of livestock, disease occurrence, area under fodder crops and yields Extent of pisiculture and surface bodies used and yields Forest areas, extent and canopy and other details Details of surface water bodies (tanks, gokattes, check dam, vented dams) and areas irrigated along with cropping pattern. Geological and geomorphological maps of the state at 1:50,000 scale Details of bore-wells and their discharges and depth Data on groundwater levels from observation wells. Ground-Water levels of observation wells in the state Availability of marketing facilities, storage, etc. Census data Data on crops, extent and yields Socio-economic information. Specifications for soil conservation structure and guidelines for planning watershed development. 43

54 Relevance and utility of the database: The detailed and comprehensive database generated through the Land Resource Inventory, covering all the land holdings in a watershed area will help in Identifying site-and area-specific constraints affecting crop production Capability of the area for agriculture, horticulture, forestry and other uses Suitability for various crops and other uses Identifying promising land-use options suited to the location Allocating areas for different crops and land uses Identifying the extent of wastelands, common lands etc. and measures for their regeneration Identifying the type and location of water conservation structures in the watershed area Strategic planning identifying areas suitable for the introduction of new or exotic crops from one area or region to another is possible with the help of the database. Fertilizer requirement through soil fertility maps Proactive advice to farmers - Our farmers need proactive advice on various aspects of land use so that timely action is taken to derive the maximum benefit from local and global situations. The land resource database in GIS framework will provide the necessary scientific inputs needed for giving such advice to the farmers. The extension advisory system, Distance education through AIR, Doordarshan can make use of the information for advice on scientific farm planning. Monitoring Benchmark sites - It will provide the base line data needed for monitoring the state of health of the Natural resources through a watch at Benchmark sites and hot spots, at least at sub-watershed level. 44

55 Training needs (Capacity building) for project personnel, user agencies and community The utility of the database depends entirely on its dissemination to the various user agencies and project personnel working in the watershed areas. This can be achieved by organising structured training programmes, both during the course of the survey and later during planning and implementation. Since NBSS&LUP and its partners will be generating Spatial digital data library of land resources and hydrological characteristics these partners will be organizing training to sensitize the field officials, development departments and stakeholders / farmers and any other concerned groups. The details of capacity building framework are given below: STATE NBSS&LUP & SAUs & DISTRICT DWDT SUB WATERSHED TWDT Digital Library MICRO WATERSHED WA GP COMMUNITY SHG UG WC Fig. 4 Training Frame work in Component I 45

56 Training Framework to familiarize the use of DL, DSS and LR Portal State level: District watershed officials; lead NGOs and any other personnel indicated by WDD on: a) GIS applications for land resource data utilization, b) Importance of Land Resources Inventory in Watershed Development. District level: Topics: a) How to make use of land resources inventory in watershed planning and prioritizing activities. Sub-watershed level: Topics: a) Soil survey techniques to the scientists and technical officers involved in LRI b) Land evaluation for identifying potentials, opportunities and constraints of the watersheds, c) Land use planning for watershed development. 46

57 Activities involved and time frame required for Land Resource Inventory and database generation for one micro watershed Activities Procurement of cadastral maps Procurement of Cartosat 1 and other imagery Base map preparation 1 Orientation training for field parties Field investigations 1 (Detailed soil survey) Hydrogeological investigations Agencies involved Inputs delivered Outputs generated Procurement Geo-referenced cadastral maps of the watershed, both in soft and hard copy (1:10,000 scale) Procurement Cartosat 1 Pan+LISS IV ortho imagery, digital and hard copy (1:10,000 scale) UAS-Bangalore, - Interpretation of Dharwad, imagery and Raichur, UHS- generation of Bagalkot & cadastral base for UAHS Shimoga field work. NBSS&LUP, Protocols, Trained Man Bangalore Manuals and power Orientation training UAS-B lore, Soil map, land use Dharwad, land cover map, Raichur, UHS- geology map, and Bagalkot, others NBSS&LUP & UAHS Shimoga Indian Institute of Lineament map, Science (IISC) & surface & ground Bangalore water resources University map & location map for water Time in weeks

58 Socio-economic survey & compilation of data on climate, crops land use etc. 1 Laboratory analysis (Soil and fertility samples) Generation of soil and thematic maps through GIS 1 Interaction with users and stake holders Finalisation of maps and reports UAS-Bangalore, Dharwad, Raichur, UHS - Bagalkot & UAHS Shimoga UAS-Bangalore, Dharwad, Raichur, UHS- Bagalkot, NBSS&LUP & UAHS Shimoga UAS-Bangalore, Dharwad, Raichur, UHS- Bagalkot & UAHS Shimoga All the Project partners UAS-Bangalore, Dharwad, Raichur, UHS- Bagalkot & UAHS Shimoga harvesting structures Datasets on Socioeconomic conditions of the watershed, climate, land use etc Data pertaining to all the soil parameters and macro and micro nutrient status Land Capability map, slope, depth, texture, rock fragments and water holding capacity maps and land suitability maps for crops and other uses Audiovisual aids/films and maps Report on Land Resources of the Microwatershed concerned 1 NBSS&LUP will provide the necessary technical backup and coordination and facilitate the execution of the survey work at the micro-watershed level. For each micro watershed, the deliverables like soil and various thematic layers will be generated in the second month and delivered for DL and LRP usage. 48

59 Action plan for covering 931 micro watersheds under Sujala III Activities First Year Second Year Third Year Quarter Preliminary work (Procurement of cadastral maps and imagery) Base map preparation Orientation training for field staff Field investigations (Detailed land resource/soil survey) Socio-economic survey &compilation of data on climate, crops land use etc. Laboratory analysis (Soil and fertility samples) Generation of soil and thematic maps through GIS Interaction with users and stake holders Land suitability assessment for crops and various other land uses Finalisation of draft maps and reports Userinteraction/interface workshop with line departments Printing of reports and maps 49

60 A. Establishment and Maintenance of Digital Library Objectives Support improved sub-watershed assessment, integrated micro-watershed master planning, monitoring and evaluation, and relevant research and development. Design of a suitable architecture for the integrated digital data base through technical support Digital Library It is the collection, development and management of physical and bio-physical information of an area, region or state in the electronic form with index creation and a provision for access, retrieval and facilitation of reference work and preservation. The information needed for establishing a dynamic digital library to meet the requirements of various line departments, stakeholders, farmers and other users at watershed level is so varied and diverse that it cannot be provided by any one single organization or agency in the state. Apart from the inputs generated from the Land Resource Inventory, information needs of the users have to be sourced from many other agencies in the state. The schematic figure indicated below shows the flow of datasets from different sources to the Digital Library. Location NBSS&LUP with the help of Project partners will be responsible for developing the DL. The DL will be housed in the UAS Bangalore, UAS Dharwad, UAS Raichur, UHS Bagalkot, NBSS&LUP and UAHS Shimoga which will execute and maintain the DL. 50

61 UAS, Bangalore, LRI in Chamarajnagar and Davanagere Districts. UAS, Dharwad, LRI in Gadagand Koppal. UAS, Raichur, LRI in Gulbarga and Yadgir UHS, Bagalkot, LRI in Bidar NBSS & LUP Bangalore (LRI input compilation for all the districts) Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar(livestock related) Digital Library (Designed, Executed and Maintained by NBSS & LUP (ICAR), Bangalore) Land Resources Portal Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore (Hydrological data sets) Karnataka State Remote Sensing Application Centre (KSRSAC), Bangalore (Digital cadastral maps of watersheds) Regional Remote Sensing Application Centre (RRSC), Bangalore (Cartosat Pan + LISS IV imagery) Karnataka State Natural Disaster Management Centre (KSNDMC), Bangalore (Climatic data sets) Secondary data inputs from Dept. of Agriculture, Dept of Geology and Mines etc., Fig.5 Schematic figure indicating the flow of datasets from different sources to the DL 51

62 The Digital Library will house the following land resource database and thematic layers at micro-watershed and sub-watershed levels and also at district and state levels in the state Geology Geomorphology and Hydro geomorphology: Topography Land use and land cover: Forest & wild life Water bodies and drainage network Administrative boundary Climate Demography Socioeconomic Intra structure Agro-economy Groundwater Soil Thematic outputs Wasteland Type of rocks, dip and strike, lineaments, faults and folds Landforms, weathering Altitude, contour lines, drainage and road networks and other permanent physical and cultural features Types, cropping pattern Forest Cover Hydrology Village, panchayat, hobli, district layers Pressure, temperature, humidity, rainfall Population, literacy & levels of education, occupation Industry, developmental activity Communication, drinking water, educational facility, electricity, financial institutions, markets, medical facilities & public health, transport, veterinary services, recreation & tourism Land utilisation, land ownership pattern, area under principal crops, irrigation, agricultural implements, animal husbandry Quality, depth to water table Site and soil characteristics at cadastral and higher levels Land capability, land suitability, soil fertility,maps Type and extend for watershed/ village level 52

63 Fig.6 Configuration of Digital Library Scope of the Digital Library The Digital Library houses all the primary and secondary datasets and various resource and thematic maps of the surveyed watersheds. The line departments and other users can source from it their data needs such as for Delineating homogeneous areas based on soil-site characteristics into management units. Interpretation of climatic and agronomic data for crop planning in relation to soil units. Identification of problem and potential areas and strategies for their management. Identification of capability of the area for agriculture, horticulture, forestry and other uses based on LCC. Preparation of ideal conservation plan in a given landscape Delineate upper reach, middle reach and lower reach of each micro-watershed at Land parcel level. To identify areas for establishing groundwater and vegetation sanctuaries for optimizing resource use. 53

64 To develop plans to overcome market fluctuations and identify value added products through alternative livelihoods. The result of land resource inventory and secondary data collected will form the basis for developing the digital library. Consultants will be hired to develop, test and synchronize the Digital library, maintain and capacity building of users B. Establishment of Land Resources Portal (LR Portal): Purpose The LR Portal for watershed is established to facilitate and coordinate the exchange and sharing of the disparate spatial and non-spatial data between various stakeholders of different groups of watershed user. Catalogues and registries that conform to OGC/ISO specifications play an important role in LR Portal. Staff should be trained for long-term maintenance and management of the LR Portal. Location The UAS (Raichur) will host the LRP in collaboration with NBSS&LUP. The two LRP nodes will be provided at WDD head quarters and NBSS&LUP. Services expected from the Portal: The turnkey solution provider must establish LR Portal which would provide following services; Portal services The portal services should be made available to address the needs of the viewer, discovery, management, authentication and access control and exposed services. Portrayal services The portrayal services should include map services, styling services, coverage services, and the map context services. Data services The data services should include features, coverage, and symbology management. Catalogue services. The catalogue services should include data discovery, service discovery, catalogue update and query language. The deliverables and configuration of the LR Portal are presented below. 54

65 Deliverables of Land Resources Training Stakeholders/ NGOs Soil & Water Conservation Plan Integrated Watershed Dev. Plan Watershed Development Department Identification of Water Harvesting Structures Crop Choice & Crop Planning Land Resource Maps Soil Map Land Use Map Land Form Map Geology & Lineament Map Road & Communication Network Drainage Network Cartosat & other imagery Cadastral Maps Problem Identification & Designing Research Proposals Land Resource s (LR) Portal UAS / R & D Institutions Developing Location Specific Package of Practices Thematic Outputs Soil, Texture, Drainage, Depth, Slope, Fertility, Land Capability & Land Suitability Maps Decision Support System Hydro-geological Monitoring Soil & Water Conservation Plans Review, Monitoring & Evaluation 55

66 Fig.7 LP Deliverables Disaster Recovery Centre MIS Data Centre (NBSS&LUP) FTP GIS Consortium Partner (SAU s/uhs, KSRSAC, SLUSI, IISC, RRSSC) Clearing House (WDD) LR Portal for Watershed Internet Portal Server Web Server Stakeholders Fig.8 Schematic configuration of the Land Resources Portal Implementation The UAS (Raichur) will host the LRP in collaboration with NBSS&LUP. The two LRP nodes will be provided at WDD head quarters and NBSS&LUP. For the implementation of the project a qualified and experienced Total Solution Provider (TSP) shall be hired for setting up the LR Portal, Clearinghouse and to design, develop and implement watershed DSS. Expected Outcome All the modules in the Software should be secured with user authentication. The users should have access to the functionalities like, data viewing querying and updating depending on the privilege assigned. The applications should ensure that users are only allowed to access functions that they are assigned. The Mapping and Metadata services of the system will be designed as per OGC standard specifications 56

67 Sub-component 1.2: Sub-Watershed Assessment (SWA) Objectives To provide information to help set priorities and strategies for designing master plans at micro-watershed level in the IWMP (sub-component 1.4). To develop water availability maps to highlight areas most sensitive to water stress. To identify researchable issues which can be addressed by the state and national level research institutions to evolve best management practices. Agencies to be engaged: WDD, DoH and NBSS&LUP as lead partner will deliver the various requirements of the sub-watershed assessment. The WDT will facilitate community involvement in the process through the Watershed Committee, GP, User Groups and SHG s. Implementation The process of Land resources inventory and sub watershed assessment will be undertaken simultaneously. NBSS&LUP will be the lead institution to undertake watershed assessment. The Agricultural and Horticultural universities will deliver the watershed assessment products in collaboration with NBSS&LUP, in this process it will associate with IISc for Hydrology, Bangalore University, KSNDMC for meteorological information. The NBSS&LUP, IISC, B.U & the SAUs will work in close co-ordination with the WDT. The WDT facilitates community inter-phasing. The watershed assessment will commence with the stake holder consultation facilitation by the WDT Knowledge of watershed characteristics such as soils and their, physical and chemical properties, geology, surface water and groundwater, vegetation, land use, topography and socio-economic data would help to assess the potentials, threats and gaps, and means to bridge them using the available scientific information. The data will be made available in public domain through the Land Resource Portal to provide scientific data base and provide information needed for prioritizing, initiating and executing development programmes in the watershed. For identifying researchable issues, an initial reconnaissance survey of the watersheds by using remote sensing products, historical datasets and traversing the area with the all the consortium partners along with local facilitators and stakeholders will be carried out 57

68 along with community participation ensured by WDT. The issues identified at this stage will be subjected to detailed investigations at the micro watershed level later. The watershed assessment process will lead to development of broad management plans in participatory process. The datasets and thematic outputs needed to develop management plans at sub-watershed level are indicated below. Land Resource Survey: The database generated for the micro-watersheds, under the sub-watershed in each district can be sourced from the digital library established under the sub Component 1.2 in the main Component 1. Using this information, problems, constraints and potentials of the selected sub-watershed can be identified. Climate analysis used for identifying periods of onset and withdrawal of the monsoon, droughts of different duration and intensity, periods of intense rains and occurrence of floods and other aberrations that affect crop production for developing appropriate contingency crop plans to mitigate the adversities of climate. Socio- economic survey will be undertaken by the IWMP and it consists of Household survey for demographic details to determine the assets and liabilities along with their needs and demands. Livestock details for determining their health and productive performance so as to develop plans to promote health and performance using the available knowledge generated in the Universities. Crops and cropping practices followed along with productivity levels so as to develop appropriate crop and crop management plans in relation to soil characteristics based on the information generated in research organizations (Universities of Agricultural Sciences, University of Horticultural Sciences, Departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, KVKs and RSKs). A list of development programmes of various line departments functioning in the area will be generated so as to plan for the integration of various programmes into watershed development programme. 58

69 Thematic outputs needed: Land Resource maps: a. Soil map indicating the distribution of soils in the watershed area and land management units with survey numbers and legend indicating all the details of the unit using cadastral map. b. Land Capability map: Land capability map shows the general capability of the resources. The grouping is based on the inherent soil characteristics, external land features and environmental factors that limit the use of the land for various uses. c. Soil slope map: Slope plays an important role in the formation of soils and process of erosion (and alters the overall use of the land). Slope information provides the land users the information on the type and extent of soil and water conservation structures needed. d. Rock fragments map: Provides information on Gravel content in the soil, stones, boulders and rock pieces and their distribution, greatly influences hydrological characteristics of the soils and thereby the crop production. e. Soil depth map: Soil depth refers to the depth of the soil occurring above the parent material. It determines the rooting depth, water and nutrient holding capacity of the soil. It is used to group the various soils occurring in the area into different soil series. f. Surface soil and subsoil texture map: Texture indicates the relative proportion of particles present in the soil. Based on the proportion, the soils are grouped into various textural classes like sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay and clay. g. Soil reaction map: The level of salinity, alkalinity and acidity influences the quality of soils and has a direct bearing on crop production. h. Soil erosion map: Erosion due to normal factors like rainfall, slope, soil type etc is known as natural erosion or geological erosion and the erosion due to human disturbance to ecosystem is known as accelerated erosion. The intensity of erosion is assessed based on the physical characters and a map is prepared depicting the variations observed in the field. i. Water holding capacity and Available water: The parameter is crucial for deciding the type of crops under rainfed situations. In climate-smart agriculture the parameter is of prime importance in selection of crop and management practices. The amount of water held between saturation and field capacity contributes to 59

70 groundwater recharge and it is essential to know the total water held and also available water for determining the groundwater recharges. It is the measure of the quantity of water stored in soil profile within one meter depth and is readily available for crop production. This water is held between field capacity (1/3 bar) and permanent wilting point (15 bar). j. Soil organic carbon status: The status of soil organic carbon indicates the inherent fertility and overall health of soils. In tropical countries it is extremely difficult to maintain good organic matter content particularly in fields subjected to frequent ploughing and other farming operations. Monitoring of this parameter is the most important activity when we plan for climate-smart farming, soil carbon sequestration and other related activities. k. Soil fertility status map: The content and dynamics of major nutrients (macro and micro) should be understood for adopting of precision farming. Nutrient level are influenced by management practices, kind of crops cultivated, changes in soil reaction (ph), climatic changes and extreme weather events (drought and floods). Hence this information requires to be updated from time to time. l. Meteorological map: The information related to climate in terms of extent and intensities of droughts and areas prone to floods would help to prepare risk management plans. Geo-Hydrological survey involves Geomorphological studies to determine lineaments and presence of aquifers to generate lineament map. Identification of water bodies, runoff and stream characteristics and building models to develop potential water resources map for surface water and groundwater. Hydro-geological survey for water quality, aquifer characteristics and groundwater abstraction and recharge to delineate areas and their status for locating groundwater sanctuaries. Vegetation survey is done for identifying species native to the area and useful to society to promote livelihoods. 60

71 Vegetation map depicting the existing vegetation with respect to forestry species, agriculture and horticulture crops is to be prepared to determine the species native to the area as well as for identifying the areas that will be used for incorporating new technologies based on the knowledge generated at the research institutions to promote vegetative density and productivity. Livestock map: The density map of different livestock is to be prepared for determining the carrying capacity and productivity so as to incorporate corrective measures and management plans to increase the economic levels by building over native experience with the knowledge generated in the research institutions and experience of the departments. Preparation of conservation and Land Use Plan: Considering the information contained in the above database and thematic maps, a tentative land use plan for the concerned watershed will be prepared for the use of the various line departments and implementing agency/agencies, as per the schematic diagram below. The land use plan highlights the problems, potentials and suitability of the resources for various agricultural and non-agricultural uses with multiple options to choose from. This facilitates net planning process and finalization of Action Plan for implementation (by line departments followed by PRA exercise). 61

72 Database at Watershed Level Climate Hydrology Soil Site Characteristics Agricultural Data & Practices Existing Infrastructure Marketing Mechanism Socio-economic Data Development Programmes Identification of Problems/Constraints Potentials of the Resources Land Suitability for Various Uses Conservation Plan (Soil & Water) Land Use (Crop Requirements) Land Use Options Choice to Users DSS Action Plan- Allocation to Various Uses Implementation Mid Course Correction Field Crops Forestry Silvi-Horticulture Non-agricultural Uses Reserve Area Common Lands Land Management Water Management Crop Management Wasteland Management Ecosystem Management Bench Mark Sites Monitoring Fig.9 From Land Resource Inventory to Land Use Planning Documentation: Land resource maps and reports for each sub-watershed and generation of thematic layers for identified uses Preparation of resource use and management plan taking into account all the information collected for improving productivity as well as production on long term basis under different land-uses. Preparation of a user manual for easy use by the line departments Documenting the best management practices as evidenced by research, extension and farmer field schools for up-scaling in different agro-climatic zones 62

73 COMPONENT 1: Support for Improved Programme Integration in Rainfed Areas PPMU IISc DSS Tools PTC Digital Library NBSS&LUP and SAU/SHU LR Portal Sub-watershed Assessment LR Portal DSS Specialized NGO, SAU/SHU for Facilitation and Training Micro watershed Planning & Incremental Capacity Building & Convergence Community Based M&E IWMP & NREGS Local Government DWDT TWDT/Local NGOs GPs, Watershed Committees User Groups Fig.9 Schematic representation of Component 1 Sub-component 1.3: Developing and piloting new decision-support models (DSS) Purpose: For integrated watershed management and site selection Objectives: Development and piloting of new decision-support systems to assist WDD in leading integrated watershed programmes. 63

74 Integrated decision-support models to help plan and priorities soil and water conservation measures including land-use practices at sub-watershed level that can then be downscaled to guide micro-watershed level planning. Modern agriculture is highly knowledge intensive and requires the support of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for planning and decision making. Information needs in the agriculture and allied sectors are quite different from those in other sectors. While the farmer has some control over a few of the resources e.g., land and water resources, labour, seeds, etc. there are several other variables that are beyond his control the weather paremeters, precipitation and market prices, etc. By establishing connectivity between variables that influence production levels, it is possible to match with suitable options wherever possible, which can improve the efficiency of agriculture sector. The Internet, satellite communication, remote sensing, and GIS are providing new opportunities to connect people with new development strategies which can bring in a new revolution in agriculture. The DSS produces simple output from the complex system and large data set in the form of decisions and plans. The plans may be of different types depending upon the purpose. Mathematical models such as hydrologic models and groundwater models crop growth models coupled with the field data are the basis for DSS. The models have the capability to convert the complex system into simpler ones, making it easy for the reliable prediction of impacts of changes to the existing system. The innovative and science-based approaches and convergence between IWMP and other development programmes can be better achieved through technology. Effective way to achieve the above is through locally-based planning and management at the watershed scale by considering spatial and non-spatial information on one hand and matching the needs and demands of the people on the other. In order to address these considerations, it is necessary to integrate a large amount of spatial information and knowledge from several disciplines. To be useful, the information and knowledge must be made available to stakeholders and decision makers in a rational framework. Decision Support System DSS is a computer-based information system that supports organizational decision-making easier, DSS serves management at planning and operation levels and helps to make decisions, which may be rapidly changing and are not easily specified in advance. 64

75 The WMDSS (Watershed Management Decision Support System) is a tool designed to determine the optimum use of natural resources for improving the productive capacities under a given set of conditions by selecting appropriate strategies. It is a multi-dimensional optimization model designed to identify possible management scenarios that meet multiple resources-allocation objectives under various hydrologic, ecologic, social, regulatory and economic constraints. Location DSS will be located at NBSS&LUP Bangalore and Disaster Recovery Center would be implemented at UAS (Dharwad). Implementation Research-cum-development initiative for developing the decision support systems by forming a consortium of various organizations in the state. Many of the institutions will need handholding support and capacity development before they can apply appropriate models for IWMP. Integrate all the models starting from water available assessment through water balanced models developing appropriate structures and designing them with identification of suitable locations, preparing the estimates of various rainwater harvesting structures, designing watershed interventions by undertaking total water budgeting and yield gap analysis and designing suitable productivity enhancement interventions. Use of water impact calculator along with GIS-based soil nutrient management practices will ensure efficient use of available water resources for increasing productivity and enhancing the incomes of the farmers by applying SWAT. A Consultant will be hired (if required) for reviewing the performance of existing decision tools and models available in similar environmental and institutional context along with the assessment of the capacity to use them in the state. Gaps, if any, will be identified suitable measures suggested. Based on the requirement a software consultant or a Total Solution Provider (TSP) will be hired by the PTC for the development and implementation of WMDSS. The consultant may be asked for in-house development for which consultant may have to depute resource persons to NBBSSLUP/WDD/IISc for a stipulated period of time. 65

76 A Disaster Recovery Center would be implemented at UAS (Dharwad), considering all the results. Outputs developed through DSS will be digitally recorded and stored in a safe environment. The terms of reference for Developing DSS are given in Annexure -VII. The architecture of DSS thus developed would look as depicted below Fig. 10 Typical Workflow of WMDSS Functions of DSS (at different levels) Assist local stakeholders to manage land and water sources for sustainability and better growth Developing models to enhance water and environment management activities within the watershed 66

77 To provide alternatives through modelling to mitigate drought and manage disasters To determine the trade-offs associated with different interventions within the watershed Develop on-the-ground watershed management strategies given alternative social constraints Provide technical guidance in the watershed by predicting future impacts of potential strategies, guidance in strategy selection in other watersheds where such detailed analysis have not been completed, and a framework for organizing information and predictions to manage watersheds in the most effective way. Hydrological models for designing and identifying the locations for rainwater harvesting structures in the watersheds Assess impact of various watershed interventions and rainwater harvesting structures on crop productivity and increased incomes with soil conservation onsite as well as off-site downstream impacts through reduced runoff and changes in groundwater recharging etc. Developing water impact calculator for supplemental irrigation and use of water impact calculator in place of calendar-based irrigation. This experience will also put together integration of various models for developing the integrated decision support system. Utility of the System The system can integrate spatial and non-spatial data and help farmers, stakeholders and policy makers to make faster and better analysis based on queries raised by various users. The WMDSS will be made use of to allow faster decision making, identification of negative trends, and better allocation of resources of Integrated Watershed Management System, with a view to Managing the natural resources in a sustained manner Balancing agricultural growth, environmental protection and economic gains on sustainable basis Scientifically utilizing soil, water, livestock, and other biological and natural resources for greater benefit of society. 67

78 Enabling individual land owners to improve the yield of crops, reduce the possible production risks, reduce the cost of inputs, reduce the labour requirement and generally improve efficiency. Roles / Responsibilities of Partners / Agencies : The WDD will enter into Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) with NBSS&LUP (National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning), Regional Centre, Bengaluru and Contract IISc (Indian Institute of Science), and also with the four State Agricultural Universities (SAU), Horticultural University of Karnataka and UAHS Shimoga. The NBSS&LUP will advise and oversee the adaptation in use of technical decision tools, GIS data bases, monitoring systems, collecting information and validation. The IISc will develop an information infrastructure and adaptation of existing scientific decision-making tools and models that would inform sub-watershed assessments and integrated micro-watershed planning concerning hydrological aspects. The SAU s, UHS and UAHS Shimoga will provide the inputs for modules to be developed based on the requirement of the farming community and also would involve in developing protocols / scenarios / workflow to address various challenges faced by the farmers and suggest various modules to be developed for DSS to address issues at farmer s field level. Tool & Equipments required for establishing WMDSS are given in Annexure - VI Capacity Building and Training One of the key tasks for successful implementation of DSS is to build the capacities of different stakeholders at different levels. This also requires computer and web based infrastructure development at various levels of implementation, viz. state, district, taluk and GP/watershed levels. The key areas of capacity building that are to be carried out by NBSS&LUP for state level Universities, District and Watershed level are detailed below: 68

79 Capacity building method Orientation workshop Pre- Operational Training Review Workshops Real-time Hands-on Training Implementation Training Topic/purpose Target group Periodicity Introduction to DSS and its applicability at watershed, district and state level. Analysis of data for planning appropriate land management To review the progress Data input, and models for specific watershed situations, Planning, monitoring and report generation at taluk level Utilization of DSS scenarios and recommendations for arriving decisions at field level Staff at State, District, and Watershed levels. State and district level technical staff Policy level staff, senior WDD staff including JDA s of the district Taluk level line department staff including Rural development staff responsible for watershed & NREGS GP staff and a few Master Farmers to be identified as volunteers At the beginning of the project for 2 days One week duration soon after DSS is tested and before operationalization Quarterly basis after the DSS is operationalized for one day each One week duration after all the data for pilot watershed areas is digitized Two days after the pilot watershed data is digitized. Training on new upgrades Periodic updating of new knowledge and information as and when developed District level technical staff Taluk level line department staff GP level workers and master farmers One to two days depending on the topic and timing Sub-component 1.4: Micro-watershed master planning Objectives: To facilitate Participatory IWMP micro-watershed master planning process with new tools and scientific knowledge base that would promote more effective integration of watershed management with other development programmes under different sectors. To demonstrate and create awareness of the utility of new planning tools and knowledge base Improved resource conservation and production practices so as to establish equity and inclusiveness 69

80 To promote effective convergence between the IWMP and NREGS programmes, particularly for better targeted and higher quality soil and water conservation investments. To promote better integration between watershed planning and agricultural crop planning. Revision of the field IWMP manual in year 1 to incorporate new processes for watershed planning. After implementing, to draw in lessons learned from project implementation and to diffuse the same on a wider scale for making integrated planning approaches for sustainable cost effective development. Developing incremental training modules that can be integrated into IWMP planning process with communities and GPs Integrated Watershed development programmes, initiated under the Hanumanth Rao committee recommendations, as a strategy for over all development of agriculture in the country has been in operation since the Seventh Five Year Plan (FYP 89-92) guided by the pre and post Hariyali Guidelines of GOI. During this period the Watershed development programmes focused on Soil and Water Conservation Works, adopting a top-down approach. It was observed that the supplydemand mismatch resulting in inadequate attention to local needs and aspirations of the communities leading to inadequate implementation and consequent lack of sustainability. It was, therefore, felt that there was a need for technology-cum-resource driven agriculture to achieve region-specific resource-use optimality and gender equity to make the programme truly people-centred and people-driven. Consequently, rural development by way of transition from traditional isolation to integration with new technologies through people s participation has become the current policy paradigm and enunciated in the XI th Plan. The KWDP I (Sujala I) demonstrated the new socially inclusive participatory Watershed approach. The Common Guidelines 2008 issued by the NRRA, MOA, GOI to a great extent reflect the Sujala learning. The IWMP planning process revolves around the Common Guidelines. The present Project intends to expand and refine the Planning process by bringing in the New Scientific Knowledge base and planning tools developed under various components. 70

81 Participatory Planning The IWMP planning process will be complemented by providing science-based inputs. The Land Resource Inventory coupled with sub-watershed assessment provides a thorough understanding of Natural resource constraints and potentials at sub-watershed and micro-watershed level. The Land Resource Portal and DSS enable more effective understanding of soils, hydrology, climate etc, leading to various options / alternatives for more advantageous soil and water conservation strategies including crop planning and crop advisory. Simple tools for watershed planning, groundwater assessment, water budgeting tools/educative games developed in components 1 and 2 will help in better local understanding of watershed potential, constraints, management and hydrology links with land-use decisions. This will help stakeholders to make better informed micro-watershed planning decisions that include hydrological objectives and outcomes. All the products of other sub-components like the outcomes of thematic study and identified Best Management Practices (BMPs) will be made use to develop Participatory Micro Watershed Master Planning. Based on guidance from the above, WDD facilitates the communities to develop microwatershed master plans through the IWMP process by integrating watershed management for agricultural and economic development through improved resource conservation and production practices leading to Convergence between the IWMP and NREGS programs, particularly around better targeted and higher quality soil and water conservation measures. Investments on agricultural and horticultural crops and silvi-pasture and agroforestry systems for increasing bio-diversity. Development of community and waste lands, common drainage lines involving the landless and resource-poor in convergence with National Livelihood Improvement Programme to address and improve economic stability of vulnerable groups. New Planning Planning activities would be integrated with the on-going IWMP participatory planning process by: 71

82 Incorporating key recommendations from the larger scale sub-watershed assessments, especially around hydrology, through a GIS platform to support better decision with respect to surface water use and groundwater management in micro-watersheds that supports agriculture and its intensification; Drawing on the digital library (sub-component 1.2) for thematic maps and information to help define options for improved integration and coordination between, agriculture, horticulture, agro-forestry, pisciculture and livestock programs, and identifying general priorities for post-harvest, marketing, and income generating activities within the micro-watershed plan; Adopting Best Management Practices (BMPs) into programme integration and convergence Developing modules that can be integrated into IWMP planning processes with communities and GPs, includes material on applying new approaches and tools for better-integrated planning, Preparing plans Watershed Action Plans are prepared by teams of various stakeholders including the community (through various CBOs) and the facilitators (NGOs and the Department). The following teams will be involved at the micro-watershed level for this purpose. Executive Committee (EC) of the watershed and GP User Groups (UG); and SHGs NGO staff, Watershed Assistants and local facilitators Watershed Development Team consisting of AO, AHO, RFO, AAo Role of Various partners / Agencies / Institutions during planning In order to develop a Watershed Development Plan addressing program integration across the sectors including NREGS convergence the various agencies are required to work in close co-ordination: Following are the responsibilities Consortium of Partners To provide the watershed assessment and land resource inventory outputs along with various theme maps and land use maps and tentative Land use plan to facilitate informed planning process 72

83 To educate the WDT, Watershed Institutions and Line Departments including GPs on the usage and utility of Watershed Assessment and LRI outputs and tentative Land use plan Role of watershed development team (WDT) The WDT will co-ordinate with the consortium partners to obtain the Watershed assessment and land resource inventory outputs To organize and conduct community facilitation process through IWMP NGOs to educate the watershed institutions and GPs regarding Watershed Assessment and LRI outputs The team supported by NGOs and Watershed Assistants shall discuss the land-use plans with the respective user groups at individual level for identifying the needs and demands so as to converge with the schemes under different sectors for inclusion in the net plans Technical facilitation for planning process Bring the Net Plans for social approval before the Grama Sabha and DPR before the ZP Role of NGO To create effective and functional linkages between project partners at district & community level to implement the program. IWMP NGOs will undertake project publicity and awareness creation, formulate CBOs and undertake capacity building. To provide assistance and facilitate involvement of EC, UG, SHG and GP members and participation of all vulnerable sections of the society in the entire planning process for resource conservation under the guidance of WDT. The NGO in association with WA will collect and collate the information required for generating management plans for developing common and waste lands involving EC and SHGs. Identify appropriate Income Generation Activities for the landless for achieving convergence with National Livelihood Improvement Programme and Special Component Programmes. 73

84 Role of the Executive Committee (EC); Actively participates in the planning process starting from farmer level planning to the preparation of the Net Plan Training facilitation for convergence planning process Convergence of watershed Plans with MNREGS and other schemes and programmes Plan for management and maintenance of common property resources To ensure participation of all the vulnerable families dependent on the resources of common property while planning for common lands Role of the UGs; The UGs shall participate to take the advantage of science-based land-use planning and value-addition with their traditional knowledge to make the programme more effective in order to conserve the resources and manage them efficiently for higher incomes and achieve sustainability Role of SHGs The SHGs will participate in developing the community, common and waste lands for enlarging their livelihoods and effectively manage the assets created Role of GPs Facilitate participation of GP and the Grama Sabha in the planning process Plan for management and maintenance of common property Training facilitation for convergence planning process Convergence of watershed Plans with MNREGS and other schemes and programmes Convene Grama Sabha for social approval of the Net Plans The flow diagram for the convergence is as given below: 74

85 Land Resource Inventory Digital Library, DSS & LRP NREGS: Soil Conservation Land Development Water Conservation and Water Harvesting Afforestation Water Storage Enhancement Improving Micro & Agriculture Dev. Programmes: Bhuchetana SuvarnaBhumi Organic Farming CSS-Cotton CSS-ISOPOM CSS-Micro-Irrigation New Macro Management Mode Animal Husbandry & Fisheries: Breed Improvement Milk & Meet production Pasture & Fodder Dev. Improved IWMP Planning Process Horticulture Dev. Programmes: Expansion and demonstrations Productivity improvement Micro irrigation Forestry Programmes: Social Forestry Bio-diversity Bio-fuels Market linkages Institutional Linkages: Credits to Landless for Livelihoods Credits to Small Fig.11. New Planning 75

86 Documentation: The proposed approaches will be tested in two micro-watersheds in each project district. Under this sub-component capacities of the local implementers and community stakeholders will be built through training in use of applications from Digital Library. Watershed assessment and DSS etc using appropriate tools, such a participatory initiative would also be an important point for future convergence of different developmental schemes with watershed management. The lessons learnt while bringing convergence of different sectoral schemes into IWMP and their impacts on resource conservation and production changes due to science based technologies will be documented as part of M & E together with components of equity and inclusiveness for future adoption in similar agro-climatic and socio-economic conditions. Synchronizing the Sujala concept into IWMP It is proposed to develop land use planning using science-based approach to replace the present subsistence farming. It also provides space to converge other developmental programmes such as MNREGS for improving quality and quantity of soil and water conservation programmes, enhancing agricultural, horticultural production and livelihoods of the asset-less families by dovetailing development programmes under Departments of Agriculture, Horticulture and Rural Development and Panchayat Raj respectively. In order to bring synergy in the development, it is proposed to organize a workshop by the WDT with EC, UG and SHG members/ representatives along with concerned technical officers of the Departments working in the project area, to explain about the schemes available and prepare a list of stakeholders who could be additionally covered using the above during the project cycle. The same will be incorporated in the DPR before submitting to JDAs for technical approval and then to CEO for administrative and financial approval. The farmers coming under a homogeneous unit of land will be familiarised of the potentials and the limitations of the natural resource. Possible steps for improving productivity will be discussed and a range of options related to resources presented to them using the GIS database developed under component-1. The hydrological situation in the project area will be brought to the farmers notice, based on the information collected under Component-2.The social regulations and 76

87 options available to improve and maintain groundwater levels will be considered to achieve the goals of the project. All opportunities available in different schemes, for improving production and incomes directly or through value addition will be exploited by incorporating them into the IWMP during the project period. Similar exercise would be done with respect to livelihoods and all these will be incorporated to cover large population to establish equity during the project life cycle. The Annexure XII indicates the KWDP II and IWMP integrated watershed management process. 77

88 Action Points for NREGS Convergence Important Activities Identified Integration with programmes and agencies SUJALA-III IWMP Partner Agencies, Community & NGOs NREGA Convergence: To know about the pattern of convergence with IWMP, linkages with several players. 1.Focused Workshop for Workshop to understand the on-going NREGA understanding NREGS implementation. implementation details regarding approach, costs, etc., which would lead the project for convergence. Invite a Resource person from the NREGA Directorate to present the details with a Power Point Presentation. Invite DWDOs and GPs of 11 Sujala-III project districts. Action: PPMU. 2. Prepare a plan for NREGS convergence-incorporate in the OM and also issue a circular for implementation process at the field level. Organise District level One day workshop involving key officers of the district and the line departments district heads- to understand PIP and Preparation of Convergence plan Sub Watershed (SWS) Taluk level. Organise Taluk level Awareness building workshop in the Taluk Head Quarters involving Key Officers and Imp. Public representative Preparation of Convergence plan Action plan preparation considering all aspects of convergence requirement. Action: PPMU. WDTs should plan, finalise the programme details. Action: DWDO/WDT Project District representatives of line departments and GPs to participate. Action: DWDO- WDT/ZP WDT should plan, finalise the Action Plan programme details in consultation with the DWDO. Action: TWDO-Taluk Watershed Team (WDT) Representatives of line departments and GPs to participate. Action: TWDO-Taluk Watershed Team (WDT) All activities of IWMP and Sujala-III convergence guidelines would be implemented based on the circulars and OMs issued by the project authorities time to time. Action. WDT,NGOs and CBOs and other agencies. 78

89 1.5. Intensive monitoring and documentation at local level Objective: To incorporate greater community input to field-level monitoring and documentation. Tracking of performance, social accountability and assessing service delivery performance. Strategy: This will support the implementation of integrated micro-watershed plans (incorporating some level of NREGS investment) and tracking of performance. It will follow successful experiences from other Bank financed projects in Karnataka (for example Health) and elsewhere in India. This necessitates capacity building of local implementers and community stakeholders in gathering and sharing specific monitoring data on physical works, stream flow and water level, groundwater levels, etc. This will be done through training and technical support for data collection. Simple tools such as GPS-enabled cameras, manual stream gauge recorders, groundwater level recorders, soil moisture probes and data recorders will be provided. This participatory monitoring initiative will also be an important point for converging IWMP and other schemes such as NREGS with regards to social accountability and assessing service delivery performance. 4.2 Component 2: Research, Development and Innovation Objectives: To provide new technologies regarding crop selection, planting time, water management, harvesting, and value addition to rainfed farmers. To strengthen extension and information systems. Introduction: Rainfed agriculture is characterized by low productivity and high biotic pressure resulting in reduced vegetative cover, extensive grazing leading to accelerated runoff, soil erosion and low groundwater recharge. The combined outcome has resulted in land 79

90 degradation and erosion of productive potential of Natural Resources. It is estimated that a total of 7.7 M ha of land in Karnataka is suffering from one type of degradation or the other and about 2.0 M ha have attained the status of waste land; fallow lands have increased from 0.8 to 1.3 M ha over a period of 30 years from 1960 to Consequent to such degradation the averaged yields are low. Unscientific management of resources, low input use, and need-based farming led to subsistence farming which cannot provide food and livelihood security. Agriculture as a livelihood option under such conditions is considered as a rural poverty trap. Hence there is a need to ensure conservation of natural resources by arresting degradation, balanced use of inputs to increase water use efficiency through adoption of innovative technologies based on land capabilities for minimizing the risks of vulnerability of crops to variations in climate. This would shift subsistence farming to science-based farming profitable farming venture. Strategy: Research development and innovations for best practices in rainfed farming will be led through four sub components I. Research for integrated landscape management and agricultural intensification through thematic studies II. Integrated Hydrological Assessment and Monitoring III. Technology transfer and IV. Strengthening research management Research for integrated land management and agricultural intensification Objective To undertake applied research studies and identify best management practices for wider adoption of appropriate technologies under different land uses To ensure resource conservation and promote production through appropriate crop husbandry Introduction: Strategies of agricultural intensification depend on quantification of natural resources along with their existing and potential production levels. The best practices suitable to different agro-climatic circumstances need to be identified based on the research outputs generated by various organizations as well as the best farming practices at 80

91 community and lead-farmer level. Based on the synthesis of various scenarios the identified packages are to be disseminated through demonstration/farmers field schools to educate farmers, so as to trigger the farming community to adopt the new practices for achieving higher production on a sustained basis. Research is also required to be undertaken for establishing efficient linkages with market forces as well as value-chain addition to the products. The following broad thematic areas for research were identified through a priority setting workshop in July 2011, chaired by the Principal Secretary, Agriculture Theme 1: Integrated land management and agricultural intensification: Survey and documentation of indigenous knowledge and best practices for community-based water budgeting and links to cropping patterns from season to season in drought- integration crop production; Lessons learned in mixed farming systems and development of a set of comprehensive Lessons Learned reports to guide the design of more sustainable and equitable Agricultural Intensification and Watershed Management systems that can be scaled up to state level; Examine issues of participation and local institutional arrangements for integrated watershed management, including the role of women, and of specific social groups such as scheduled castes and tribes. Understand the processes and systems which strengthen more equitable outcomes in watershed management; Status of soil resources in watersheds and their constraints in achieving yield potentials for key agricultural products; Best management practices for achieving potential yields and addressing yield gaps; Best-practice institutional arrangements for more sustainable management of common lands, drawing from experiences in Sujala I, project pilot areas, and other experiences; Policy analysis and recommendations for sector reform; Site specific fertilizer recommendation for selected agricultural products; Mixed farming and livestock management and input use and yield patterns; Integrated pest and nutrient management options; Theme 2: Strengthening agricultural value chains and support; 81

92 Evaluation of promising new farm enterprises and farming systems; Assessment of off-farm employment and income potentials for the landless; System-based guidelines for post-harvest management and value addition; Policy research on agricultural marketing. Theme 3: Climate-smart agriculture, adaptation and mitigation; Potential for soil carbon sequestration and accessing carbon credits in Karnataka; Identify the most appropriate integrated farming system models for each Agro- Climatic zone in the state for targeted socio-economic groups; Comprehensive synthesis of climate variability and agricultural production in the region; Synthesis of climate-sensitive livestock and crop diseases. Steps to revitalize rainfed agricultural production are: Undertaking research on Preventing Post harvest losses through value addition chains and improving marketing facilities. Improving water and nutrient use efficiency practices. Practice and adoption of appropriate methodologies for conserving and recycling rainwater. Land-use changes to improve base flow even reducing overall runoff. Steps to reduce evapotranspiration losses is of immediate concern in the rainfed tracts. Implementation: The WDD will put in place a Research Advisory Group consisting of senior specialists and officers for Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed and Extension, Private Sector, NGO and Farmer Representatives to undertake the following. Priority setting for identified studies: The REC will convene a workshop at State level for identifying issues and research priority setting during September REC will undertake participatory stakeholder surveys and meetings at the District level in the project Districts to validate and further refine these research areas during November through December

93 The REC/WDD will outsource the workshop and stakeholder process to a leading NGO actively involved in Dry Land Agriculture or to the Dryland Research wing of the Universities of Agricultural Sciences. The outcomes of the workshop will be presented in the upcoming DOA zonal Research workshop and in the DOA/UAS Advisory Council workshop. The REC would convene additional workshops for review of the needs and priorities based on emerging issues. Processing of Research Proposals: The themes and research areas identified in the above prioritization will be advertised in a Call for Proposals by the REC. The potential research organizations will be required to submit Concept Notes (CNs) which will be peer-reviewed for qualification for the second evaluation stage. Proposals that qualify in the second stage will be asked to submit detailed proposals including detailed cost estimates. Selection criteria: The criteria for evaluation of research proposals include relevance and scientific quality of the proposal; expected impact on watershed management, rainfed agricultural productivity, farm income, sustainability and equity; likelihood of achieving the expected outputs and impacts; comparative advantage of research institute; and evidence of a multi-disciplinary and inter-institutional approach. Additional preference may be given to joint proposals that promote public-private partnerships involving NGOs or research organizations outside the UASs, and focus on research-extensionfarmer linkages, and practical end-user solutions. The proposals in each thematic area will be ranked, based on objective and transparent selection criteria. Only those proposals meeting the prescribed criteria will be approved for funding. Funding: The PPMU shall finance investment and operational costs, including incremental operating costs; contractual staff (e.g. research associates); goods specifically for proposed research activity, including need-based small equipment; honoraria for researchers and institutional charges; training; and travel. 83

94 Monitoring and Review: The progress of the approved research sub-projects shall be regularly monitored against agreed milestones by the REC. In addition, the DOA s and Universities bi-monthly Research Workshops at District level will be used for monitoring progress and overseeing demonstration activities. Operational guidelines: Under each theme the agency interested in undertaking the research shall provide up-todate review of literature, status of adoption of technologies/best practice, constraints and future roadmap. This shall be evaluated by the project REC before approval of the proposal as detailed above. The agencies will provide detailed reports on the best practices that will be converted into field guides, brochures and training materials. The outcomes will have to be demonstrated under different scenarios for determining the area of applicability and organize FFS to train the farmers for its adoption. Time Period The duration of the research projects would normally be 1-2 years, extendable by a maximum of 1 year. Researching for the best practices in a given environment will be a continuous process and will be organized by the REC through the identified agencies and the resultant outputs will be demonstrated in farmers fields. The successful practices will then be extended to other areas. Dissemination of information WDD through REC will continue the process of disseminating the information in partnership with DoA, DoH, DoAH, SAU s, Animal Sciences University, KVK s and RSK s.and other suitable agencies like appropriate NGO s for its extension. Successful studies/research results shall be published by the REC in the form of reports and hosted on the portal/website Integrated Hydrological Assessment and Monitoring Objective: To strengthen hydrological monitoring Surface and groundwater research and development Piloting advanced monitoring systems To design effective water conservation structures in a watershed 84

95 Developing community Groundwater Management System Strategy: A basic hydrological assessment and monitoring in all project sub-watersheds will be done with available information and simple tools. For monitoring, communities will be trained to measure a small set of indicators supported by a simple IT-based data-acquisition tool. This basic monitoring is a part of Sub-watershed Assessment. Low-cost monitoring of groundwater levels, key weather parameters, runoff volumes, and changes in water levels in open water bodies (tanks, farm ponds, etc) will be undertaken to support improved, integrated sub-watershed and micro-watershed planning and monitoring. This will complement community hydrological monitoring under component 1.5 (participatory monitoring and documentation). The hydrological assessment data will be used to prioritize watersheds for soil- and water-based interventions and guide the design of required water conservation practices. Advanced field-based hydrological assessment and monitoring will be undertaken in two micro-watersheds in each project district using integrated models and decision-support tools, cutting edge equipment, and IT-based data-acquisition system. Sensors will be installed to monitor weather, outflow in selected watershed streams, soil physical properties (soil moisture, infiltration rate), soil nutrient level, groundwater levels and usage in wells, and water storage and usage in various water-harvesting structures will be monitored. Demonstrating an assessment of groundwater potential/recharge based on aquifer mapping that could be used to guide community-based groundwater management. There is a need to strengthen the research for effective groundwater management by identifying areas for groundwater recharge and discharge along with the recuperation rates in a given hydro-geological unit based on geo-morphological characteristics, rainfall and surface water bodies. Research is required on: Aquifer characteristics in different hydro-geological units Location and continuity lineaments using remote-sensing data with proper ground truthing. 85

96 Monitoring the water quality changes due to insitu contamination and develop ameliorative measures through enhanced recharge Establishing the relationships between the land use and groundwater status particularly in areas with deep borewells and excessive draft The main themes in the Hydrological Assessment and Monitoring package are: 1. Reconnaissance of the catchment 2. Topography of the micro-watershed 3. Rainfall and weather parameters 4. Stream flow 5. Infiltration 6. Crop growth monitoring 7. Ground water modelling 8. Water quality 9. Water use for different purposes Monitor two micro-watersheds each in Chamarajanagar, Tumkur and Gulbarga Districts and one each in remaining 8 Project Districts. Details are given in the following Table. List of Model Micro Watersheds For Hydrological Studies Partner District Block Name of MCs IWMP IISc (2) UAS Bangalore (3) Chamarajanagar (2) Tumkur (2) Gundal Watershed Ankhalli -SWS K.Madahalli - MC Kodasoge G.P Gundlupet Tq Doddaholle Watershed Singanallur - SWS Singanallur -2 MC Singanallur - G.P Kollegal Tq Hosalaya SWS Hebbur hobli Thondigere, Tumkur Taluk Mudugere SWS Turuvekere Taluq Devanayakana halli 4B3E2IEc 4B3A4C2F 4B3C5N1a 4B3D1P1c VI III V VI 86

97 UAS Dharwad (3) UAS Raichuru (4) UHS Bagalkot (1) UAHS Shivamogga (1) Davanagere Gadag Koppal Bijapur Raichur Chennehpur SWS, Chennagiri Tq Kanakawadda SWS, Shirahatti Taluk, Bedawatti SWS Yelaburga Taluk, Daddamatti SWS Bijapur Tq, Murharpur SWS, Raichur Tq Yadgir Tekaral SWS, Shahpur Tq Gulbarga (2) Kalmandari tanda MC Kalamandargi SWS kamalapur hobli Mulkod SWS, Chittapur Tq Bidar Humnabad Taluk, Chitaguppa hobli, Rayapalli SWS Chikkamagalur Hebbur Microwatershed, Ajjampura Subwatershed, Tarikere Taluk, 4D4C4W1c, 4D4A3J2c & 4D4A3J2d (Clubbed) 4D4A1F1a 4D7A5G1a 4D2D8D2a & 4D2D8D2b (Clubbed) 4D5A1O2a 4D5B7E2b 4D5B8Z1c 4E6E2D1e 4D3E4P2b VI VI V V VI VI V V V VI Simultaneously IISc will impart training and capacity building to the other partners (Universities) in hydrological monitoring and assessment. IISc will also help in hydrological assessments using the data gathered by the partner universities through suitable models. These models will be shared among partners to impart knowledge and for use in other watersheds. 1. Reconnaissance of the catchment Maps of themes like Geology, soil, Land Use and Land Cover, Hydrogeomorphology, structures, etc will be generated by utilising remote sensing techniques coupled with reconnaissance survey in the field. NBSS&LUP, B.U and IISc are in-charge for reconnaissance surveys. 87

98 2. Topography of the watershed To understand the slope of the catchment Topographical mapping (1m contour) would be done using ground survey through Total station (through suitable agency) and this data will be used to calibrate and validate DEM prepared from Indian remote sensing satellite, Cartosat-2 and Quick Bird. (RRSSC, Bangalore or KSRSC will be in charge of developing the DEM).The total station survey will also include the drainage network. 3. Rainfall and weather parameters Rainfall and weather parameters will be monitored by telemetric and manual methods. KSNDMC will facilitate WDD and Community to install and manage weather forecasting equipment and maintain the weather parameter database and also estimates PET and AET of the watershed. Frequency of the measurements will be sub-hourly and on daily basis. The data from Weather stations will be used to estimate daily PET for each of the micro-watersheds selected for hydrological monitoring. Moreover using these weather stations along with the network of weather stations of KSNDMC, the daily PET estimates will be made available for all the subwatersheds of the KWDP II Project by KSNDMC. 4. Stream flow To quantify the runoff volume, stream flow will be monitored daily at the exit of the micro-watersheds selected for Hydrological Assessment and Monitoring. For this purpose flume or Doppler devices will be installed depending upon the nature of the conditions at the site of the stream at the watershed exit, which will be determined during the reconnaissance surveys of the sub-and microwatersheds. The salt gulp method will also be used for making assessments of stream flow at various locations of the stream network in the micro-watershed during various storms. A sediment sampler will be also installed in the exit of the watershed. 5. Soil moisture & Infiltration Measurements of profile soil moisture at various locations in the micro-watershed would be carried out with Time Domain Reflecto-meter. The choice and number 88

99 of monitoring stations within a micro-watershed will be planned during the reconnaissance surveys. The surface soil moisture sampling will also be carried out in several plots of the micro-watershed. These measurements would be performed during the microwave satellite passes over the watersheds during the Kharif season. Data sets of ENVISAT and RADARSAT-2 would be used in the first stage and in the later stage the data of RiSAT (Indian microwave satellite scheduled to be launched in 2012) will also be used by procuring from the ISRO. The satellite data and ground measurements will help in calibrating the models of soil moisture retrieval in the plots of the micro-watershed, which then will be used for making watershed scale soil moisture maps periodically during the Kharif season. The ground measurements of soil moisture profiles would be used for estimating infiltration and daily AET. Satellite images for soil moisture i.e Active SAR data will be gathered during the four months of Kharif season by acquiring at least 6 to 8 images for the selected micro-watersheds during years 2013 to Crop growth monitoring and assessment Selected plots in the micro-watershed will be used for carrying out studies of leaf area index, crop parameters and crop yield at harvest. Leaf-area meter will be used for LAI measurements. 7. Groundwater monitoring & assessment Groundwater level surveys need to be carried out at the sub-watershed scale during the beginning of the project. Groundwater levels will be monitored by using data loggers and manual methods. Ten data loggers will be used for each micro-watershed with one telemetric logger suggested for each of the microwatershed. Temporal frequency of automatic measurement will be 30 min to 1 hr. A groundwater level measurement, for all available wells, is collected manually at least once in each month in the micro-watershed. The groundwater level monitoring will be used to estimate groundwater recharge at various locations of the watershed. Suitable models either developed or customised for this purpose will be shared among the partner universities. Specific hydraulic tests needed to understand the aquifer behaviour in the micro-watershed will be carried out. 89

100 8. Water quality Water quality of the stream and groundwater at various locations will be determined. B.U will assist the water quality analysis. 9. Water use for different purposes Bore well meters and power consumption will be considered to quantify groundwater extraction. For surface water use details will be collected from GP various records. NBSS&LUP and Partner Universities will be in-charge for gathering data of water use and surveys. Watersheds selected for Assessment and Monitoring Advanced field based Hydrological assessment and monitoring will be implemented in 14 micro-watersheds in the Eleven districts namely, Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgir, Gadag, Koppal, Chamarajnagar, Davanagere, Tumkur, Raichur, Bijapur and Chikkamagalur. Roles and Responsibilities Partners State level: Watershed Development Department as Key project implementing agency (PIA) Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is the Lead consultancy for hydrological monitoring. Key Responsibilities To oversee the entire project implementation and coordination between all partners. Actions to build institutional capacities in implementing and partner agencies of the project. To release funds for project implementation as and when required based on the situation. To advise and support the WDD in Hydrological assessment and monitoring related to the project. To monitor and assess two pilot watersheds in Chamarajnagar District. To develop preparation of the bid documents for procurement of equipments relevant to the project. To prepare guidelines to Design monitoring setup, advice required formats for database of each watershed in order to 90

101 have uniform data and compatible with the knowledgebase. Train regional universities in setting up the instrument for other watersheds, and train for analysis in advance monitoring, and modeling. Controlling the quality of hydrological data, storing, processing, analyzing, maintaining the database of 14 watersheds through regional universities and WDD Planning for water-conservation structures. To develop hydrological models to use in the Decision Support Systems. The Time line for Hydrological monitoring and assessment will start in 2012, and will continue till 2017 and could continue further up to 2022 on a revised time line under the on going watershed projects later. In this context Hydrological, water quality and weather parameters will be collected daily and for each crop season and will be used for developing models to support further integrated activities. Participatory Hydrological planning in a micro-watershed Water is an essential resource that affects all. True participation is ensured only when all stakeholders are involved in taking decisions on water. In this process local people, community organizations, NGOs and other stakeholders decide together how to measure hydrological pathways and what actions should follow once this information has been collected and analyzed. Stakeholders are given a voice in water planning and management, with particular attention to securing the involvement of women and the poor. Methodology: Integrated participatory approach Many approaches have been used in establishing hydrological monitoring networks. It is proposed to develop an approach of six steps as given in the figure below; 91

102 Step 1 Step 2 Inception of Idea (a) What should be the spatial boundaries of the monitoring system? (b) What are the key hydrological processes that need to be monitored and how? (c) Is there any existing monitoring system? (d) What is the historical profile of the Stakeholder Identification (a) Who are key stakeholders (b) What are their interests? (c) How should they be involved? (d) When should they be involved? Input from Experts & Key Stakeholder Expert Knowledge (Experience from similar projects Elsewhere & Literature) Local Knowledge Step 3 Step 4 Defining the Scope of the Network (a) Establish a range of possible networks (b) Consider processes that needs to be monitored, resource available and scope of existing network Installation (a) Collect and analyze existing information (b) Site Surveys (c) Detailed design and installation (d) Participation of key stakeholders in installation Feedback to Key Stakeholders Data and Information sharing (Field days, report analyzed data) Step 5 Monitoring (a) Participation of stakeholders (b) Security of the installed network End User Fig.12 Integrated participatory approach in establishing the hydrological monitoring network Use of hydrological assessment by the community Participation of men and women of a watershed community in decision making at all levels of water management is essential to achieve sustainability. Integrated and sustainable water-resource management will contribute greatly to gender equality by improving access of both women and men to water and water-related services. 92

103 Equitable, sustainable and guaranteed access to water will result in reduction in loss of produce caused by disruption in water supply and, consequently, helps increase incomes and reduce poverty. Adequate supply of water in the watershed creates an environment for additional production, which promotes employment and income enhancement. Involvement of many people promotes water education and awareness. Training Needs Improved knowledge and skills for a range of stakeholders, planners, and policy makers at all levels will contribute to more effective integrated watershed management and agricultural production. The component would be implemented through. Training of village-level extension agents (Jala Mitras), community institutions, Gram Panchayat members and farmers. Special emphasis will be given to lead farmers who will form a core group as champions and peer-to-peer support to other farmers. Institutional strengthening at state level, including training to implementing agencies, with respect to management of surface water and groundwater and of monitoring systems. Linking Hydrological Assessment and Monitoring to Watershed planning through DSS Results of hydrological assessment and monitoring can be used to address a wide range of water management issues such as; Recharging groundwater and thereby aquifers for ensuring sustainability matching demand and supply. Reducing loss through runoff and evaporation losses through appropriate interventions. The data needed for undertaking the above assessment can be sourced from the Digital Library. The information is also used for developing appropriate models and incorporates in the decision support system to address complexities involved in sustainable management of both surface- and ground-water resources. 93

104 4.2.3 Technology transfer Objectives: Development/adaptation of best-practice models and tools for end-users. Developing planning and training tools. Strategy: In terms of strengthening extension systems and outreach to rainfed farmers, the REC will build strengths and links of the existing agricultural extension system. For technology transfer specialist technical agencies, closely coordinated by the PTC and REC will be contracted work in consultation with DoA and end users to develop information and decision tools for end users. For prioritizing and coordinating field demonstrations, for the adoption of new technologies, Farmer Field Schools approach will be adopted. The REC will coordinate closely with the DoA s and UAS field research and extension wings. The REC shall ensure that extension units such as district agricultural offices and RSKs and KVKs in project watersheds are closely involved to feed research results into the extension training programmes (under Component 3). This work will be coordinated by the District Agricultural Training Centres through the KVKs and the RSKs. RSKs will be upgraded to use IT under separate DoA funds. For this the PPMU will contract a consultant to work closely with the REC and extension units to develop interactive kiosks for use of extension agents and farmers to access a range of information. Based on the utilization and feedback on the kiosks, these kiosks could be rolled out in the second phase project to the MWS also. Priority Areas of Technology Transfer: The tools and techniques required to be demonstrated as best-practice models for end users are in the following areas. Land capability maps at micro-watershed level indicating potentials and constraints of the resources at individual farm level. Land suitability maps for cereals, oilseeds, pulses, horticultural crops, tree crops and farming systems 94

105 Contingency plans for managing climate risks such as drought, variations in the onset and withdrawals of monsoon, and flood. Synergizing other developmental programmes such as soil and water conservation measures with soil topography and rainfall maps generated through Land resources inventory. Using hydro-geological and geo-morphological maps to develop groundwater management plans Monitoring information related to market demands, supplies and prices on the data base for dissemination. Methodology for Transfer of Technology: The new technology will be disseminated by organizing demonstrations on specific land uses, crops and farming systems, INM, IPM, Water use efficiency, water conservation through land configuration systems, alternative land uses and livestock management. Audio-visual aids, web based information can also be used for intensification of agriculture and improving water-use efficiency. Exposure visits to farmers within the District/State will be arranged for better understanding and adaptation of the technology by them. In addition to the above, adaptive trials will be conducted on farmers fields so as to train them for sustaining higher production levels and preventing resource degradation. Specific themes will be selected and farmers field schools will be organized through Lead Farmers for training purposes Strengthening research management The REC will coordinate with local universities and research organizations and ensure collaboration with other research institutions in India, such as International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid-Tropics (ICRISAT, under the CGIAR), and where local/national expertise is not available, from specialized research institutions and researchers overseas. The REC will convene a workshop at State level for research identification and priority setting. Further the REC will collaborate with the Agricultural Research Identification 95

106 and funding processes existing in the DoA. This includes District level bi-monthly workshops, and bi-annual Zonal Research and Extension Advisory Council (ZREAC) meetings in each agro-climatic region, both of which involve university research and department extension staff. The DoA also has a Research and Development Scheme for funding research, directed towards the three UAS. The project will augment the resources dedicated to rainfed agriculture and the range of stakeholders involved with specific interests in watershed management. For example, the REC would ensure that the private sector, NGO and community representatives form part of the identification process for research programmes. For integrated hydrological monitoring, the IISc through a consultancy shall advise the PPMU on the purchase of equipment for one micro-watershed where best-practice monitoring methodology would be demonstrated. The IISc will use the pilot experiences to train the three UAS institutions in rolling out the advanced system in 14 selected micro-watersheds across all seven project Districts. There would be close coordination on hydrology and groundwater monitoring through Bangalore University, which has a network of groundwater monitoring points. An MoU would be signed with the Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) under the State Department of Science and Technology, for processing and sharing of the agro-climatic data that this component would generate. 96

107 PPMU REC DoA & DoH SAU/SHU Competitive Research Process NGO / Private Sectors Research DoA Districts Extension Units IISc Bangalore University Specialized Technology Transfer Hydrological Monitoring System Technology Transfer KVKs Hopcoms RSKs Agricultural Systems & Portal Web Server, etc. Demonstrations Field Schools Fig.13 Schematic Representation of component 2 97

108 4.2.5 Pilot Demonstration of Water Harvesting and production technologies Watershed Development Department is implementing integrated Watershed Development programmes in the state. The Programme envisages efficient utilization of Natural Resources like soil, water, bio-diversity for improving Livelihood of the farmers. Soil & Moisture conservation structures like graded bunds, Trench cum bund, Farm ponds Check dams, boulder checks, Gully checks, mini perculation tank etc., have been implemented. To improve the productivity of the crops several agronomic practices have been adopted. To raise the income of the farmers Income Generating activities like Animal Husbandry, Poultry, Bee keeping etc., were undertaken in the projects. The rain water harvested and collected in Water Harvesting Structures and supplementary irrigation with Bore wells. High value crops are grown to improve the income of the farmers. Karnataka Watershed Development Project-II (Sujala-III) World Bank aided project under component, research development and innovation has earmarked Rs. 300 lakhs for and Rs. 300 lakhs for and Rs. 400 lakhs for totaling Rs lakhs (CBH. ID No approved project cost table) for conducting pilot demonstration of Water Harvesting and Production Technology. The demonstration will be conducted in one selected Watershed in each project districts in small and marginal farmers field in utilizing this stored water for productive purposes. Objectives : 1. To demonstrate how to utilize the water harvested in the project activity to enhance the income of the farmers. 2. To demonstrate the ways of other income generation activity and to improve the lively wood of the farmers. 3. To provide income to the farmers throughout the year in rainfed areas through the intervention of Horticulture and Animal Husbandry Pilot demonstrations on watershed treatments saturation gap filling in selected in micro watersheds Govt.of India has fixed the cost per hectare of Rs.12000/-in plains and Rs.15000/-in hilly areas under IWMP projects. Of which amount available for land based activities is Rs.6720/Ha in plains and Rs.8400/Ha in hilly areas. In this context, the area planned to be treated may not be fully covered giving thrust for all the activities required in that parcel on holistic approach may be due to paucity of funds. 98

109 Taking stock of the situation and inorder to assess the real time visible impact of all the activities/interventions with respect to natural resource management, land capability, crop production and productivity of the soils eventually to see the marked improvement in the production and sustainable management of natural resources. Sujala-3 project is planned to identify one sub-watershed /Microwatershed in each of the project district which was treated under IWMP in which taking the stock of the previously executed netplan, revisiting all the parcels of the sub-watershed /Micro-watershed to prepare the revised net plan based on the interventions required in the parcel on real time basis to precipitate desirable out puts. Therefore, the planned area will be treated to measure the impact of interventions for sustainable management of natural resources dovetailing the fundsof Rs.22.54corersavailable under Sujala-3 project Peri urban watershed planning, management and demonstration Peri-urban areas are characterized by a mixture of land uses associated with a range of urban and rural livelihoods. However, the majority of settlements in periurban areas, particularly those inhabited by poorer communities, do not have access to adequate water supply and sanitation facilities. Even where household sanitation and localized drainage facilities do exist, often there is a lack of a comprehensive system for the collection and disposal of wastewater. Use of wastewater in agriculture in rural as well as peri-urban areas in India is not uncommon. Almost 90% of total water supplied for domestic use generates wastewater which could be diverted for agriculture purpose. Safe use of wastewater could be a potential source of water in agriculture especially for vegetable growers in peri-urban areas. These areas have large employment opportunity for female and male labourers to cultivate crops, vegetables, flowers, fodders that can be sold in nearby markets or for their livestock use. The wastewater is also a resource that can be applied for productive uses since wastewater contains nutrients that have the potential for use in agriculture, aquaculture, and other activities. Objectives To develop plans for improved wastewater treatment and reuse in peri-urban area. To Adopt best wastewater treatment available in terms of economy and time. To find out best use/alternate use of this recycled water for income generation activity. To identify the environmental impacts of wastewater use 99

110 Wastewater Treatment Processes Flow Diagram of the Wastewater Treatment Process 100

111 4.3 Component - 3. Institutional Strengthening-Capacity Building The project seeks to demonstrate more effective watershed management through greater programme integration related to rainfed agriculture, innovative and sciencebased approaches, strengthened institutions and increased capacities of the stakeholders. The project proposes to strengthen science base of watershed management under IWMP through land management in the light of hydrological dynamics and climate variability along with Horticulture, value chain & value addition etc. It is considered that greater participation of small and marginal farmers in the proposed extension delivery system, agricultural, horticultural schemes, will enhance their opportunities to adopt new technologies for realizing higher yields and incomes. In addition, stakeholders require more knowledge and expertise on improved planning tools and process, land management and productivity in rainfed areas. The capacity building activities will be organized to improve / enhance the ability of all stakeholders to achieve the project objectives collectively. The principles of capacity building are : (i) Institutional development focusing engagement of stakeholders in relation to the development objectives and ii) Enhancing knowledge base and skill levels of different stake holders. The project targets the capacity building of the following: a) Beneficiary organizations (EC, UG, SHGs, HOPCOMS) b) Facilitator organizations (WDT, NGOs, WA) c) Project Management Unit (PPMU, PTC, REC, DWDO, TWDOs) d) Elected Local Bodies (GP and ZP members) e) Technical support members (Staff of WDD, DoA, DoH, SAUs, DoAH, UHS, RSKs, KVKs) Implementation: The PPMU will plan, oversee and monitor the comprehensive training needs and exposure program for the State, District and field level project stakeholders. This task will be implemented with the assistance of a contracted training NGO having extensive experience & expertise in participatory watershed management and agricultural extension activities. Workshops and Trainings including Exposure visits and development of suitable Training Modules are the integral part of the capacity building process. 101

112 Institutional Development achieved through: Customised training modules & programs on planning processes. Tools & Techniques of integrated watershed management. Development and Strengthening of the in-house M&E systems in WDD Providing Information Education and Communication (IEC) equipments to farmer contact centres. Study tours / Exposure visits within India and selected countries abroad Effective MIS system. Main Objectives : Institutional Strengthening & Capacity Building of Project partners & implementing agencies. Train the stakeholders at all levels for efficient & integrated watershed management programmes to achieve enhanced Production and Productivity in rainfed agriculture. Integrate the existing training programmes conducted through IWMP Strengthen the skills and knowledge of stakeholders at community and state level. Scientific, improved & integrated watershed planning & management in rainfed areas. To impart training to the farmer groups about watershed planning programme, convergence, integration, and participatory agricultural extension, either directly or through a lead farmer trainer. To Train the Village level extension agents (Jala Mitras / Gopalaka Mitras), community institutions, Gram Panchayat members, and farmers about the benefits of integrated watershed planning and the importance of effective convergence of IWMP and MNREGS operations. To Train the farmers on integrated crop planning, water management, farming intensity, environmental management, soil and soil moisture management, and adaptation to climatic change, etc. Incremental training for User Groups / Producer groups on improved harvesting and post-harvest handling of produce, Primary processing and value addition, assessing the market potential etc. for Agriculture and Horticulture crops. 102

113 Awareness training for the members of Women s Groups & Self-Help Groups about the other ongoing Government Schemes and Programs on Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry etc. To organise Exposure Visits for community members across the project area for exchange of information, sharing the Knowledge and adoption of latest Technology. Training Material and Tools for CB Activities: Preparation of Training Materials and Tools and Development of various training Modules will be the responsibility of the Lead Technical Partner of the respective component, in association with WDD. In this regard, PTC and REC of WDD will coordinate with all the Technical project partners. While preparing CB Plan care will be taken to integrate the existing information in the IWMP Training modules. The proposed major Training Programmes, workshops, training modules and the exposure visits for Capacity Building are listed in the Table below Infrastructure improvements Necessary steps will be taken to upgrade the District Watershed Training Centres located at Mysore and Bijapur. Services of these Training Centres will be utilised to impart trainings to target groups of the project at different levels. To provide improved Training support, these two institutions will be strengthened for establishing effective Management Information Systems (MIS) by upgrading the Technology with latest software and hardware. 103

114 Various capacity building activities proposed under the project are; A. Identified Workshops SL No. 1 Workshop WORKSHOP to develop MoU and contract document for consortium partners. 2 Workshop State level Project induction WORKSHOP for all stakeholders. 3 Workshop District level WORKSHOP involving District level officers and TWDOs as Orientation/Induction WORKSHOP. 4 Workshop Organising IEC campaigns at project, district, sub watershed and micro watershed level 5 Workshop State level and district level M&E WORKSHOPS 6 Workshop Midterm review WORKSHOP and Impact Assessment surveys 7 Workshop Stake holders orientation workshop at sub watershed level involving WDT, NGO, RSK, KVK, Through Grama sabha for community input in watershed analysis 8 Workshop Information dissemination Workshop at sub watershed level to present assessment report and Tentative land use plan / conservation plan etc. for stakeholder consultation and incorporate their feed back 9 Workshop Stakeholder engagement workshop for review of new tool testing at mid-term and identify changes and refinements 10 Workshop Training on Planning and designing for Convergence with NREGS particularly with spatial targeting of physical soil moisture conservation works within a science-based watershed plan 11 Workshop Planning process workshop for dissemination of knowledge Products to EC, Jal mitras, UGs, GPs, filed staff, NGO staff at MWS level (maps, field manuals for local teams etc.) 12 Workshop MWS Level M&E workshops & Hands on training on use of various monitoring equipments, data collection, storage and transmission for community M&E (one training workshop for every 3 MWS) Category Activities Responsibility WDD/NBSS&LUP and other partners WDD DWDOs WDD / Outsourcing / NGO PPMU/REC WDD/PPMU PTC / NBSS&LUP /UAS / UHS Regional Universities assigned with LRI & WDT facilitated by PTC/REC PTC / WDD / DoH WDT / NBSS&LUP / SAUs WDD and Line Departments, ZP and NGOs WDT/NGO 13 Workshop State Level Research Identification & Priority setting workshop REC /WDD 104

115 14 Workshop Participatory district level stake holder survey workshops to validate & refine Research areas 15 Workshop Additional Annual workshop for Review of Priorities based on emerging issues 16 Workshop Coordinating with District level bi monthly workshops by DOA & Universities for Review & monitoring of the ongoing research projects 17 Workshop State level & District level workshop to stakeholders to disseminate the research findings 18 Workshop Workshop - SAU's and WDD/line department staff on basic & advanced Hydrological monitoring & assessments 19 Workshop Collaborate with the Agricultural Research Identification and funding processes existing in the DOA, through the District level bi-monthly workshops, and bi-annual Zonal Research and Extension Advisory Council (ZREAC) meetings in each of the regions, 20 Workshop State level Coordination Workshops involving various organizations 21 Workshop Coordination workshops with SAUs and DOA/DOH/DAH on field research and extension process involving KVKs, RSKs 22 Workshop NREGS convergence workshops at District and Taluka level REC /WDD NGO / Dry land Research wing of UAS REC / M & E Agency REC / Approved Research Organizations / NGO IISc REC/WDD REC/WDD PTC/REC WDT/ZP/GP Modules Identified for Development Sl Module No 1 Module 2 Module Developing Capacity Building manual on DSS for its operationalisation and utility. Developing publicity material for LRI stake holders orientation Developing Video film on LRI 3 Module Publication of LRI reports- Micro watershed wise 4 Module Developing training manual for DL usage and utility 5 Module Developing user manual for LR Portal 6 Module Developing Training Modules for resource assessment at sub watershed level for survey team, local facilitators, NGO's, KVK's, lead farmers and GP members Consortium Partners NBSS&LUP/UAS/ UHS/IISC through outsourcing PPMU / NBSS&LUP NBSS&LUP / SAUs & UHS ICRISAT & Partners ICRISAT NBSS&LUP / SAUs 105

116 7 Module Develop an incremental Training Module & Manual for WDT, Communities and GP On:1. programme integration & Convergence 8 Module Safeguards 9 Module i) providing for participation by PRIs through SWS and MWS level institutional platforms 10 Module ii) capacity building of PRI institutions and securing participation in planning and implementation 11 Module iii) establishment of Right of Grievance (ROG) to address issues arising at the MWS & disputes (if any) across the different levels. 12 Module Planning & Designing interventions 13 Module New approaches and tools for integrated planning, 14 Module Watershed management and Hydrology and links with land-use decisions to promote rationale for more NREGS convergence with spatial Targeting 15 Module Environmental Awareness Management and Monitoring 16 Module Developing community monotoring training modules for WDT, CBOs and GPs 17 Module Developing training modules in Hydrological assessment 18 Module Developing Capacity Building Manuals on technology transfer for Extension Agents 19 Module Develop materials, field notes, tool kits, videos, fact sheets, posters,and Install interactive kiosks on a pilot basis 20 Module Audio-visual aids, web based information for intensification of agriculture and improving rainwater use efficiency and groundwater use efficiency, post harvest technology 21 Module Developing awareness raising training modules based on the need assessment 22 Module Developing Technical modules for training and demonstrations for various horticultural crops on production, harvest and post harvest management including marketing aspects 23 Module Developing Training Modules for various Horticulture crops on Best Farming Practices that include Pest and Disease Management, insitu water conservation, weed control, intercropping, mulching, supplemental irrigation, harvest and post harvest management PTC / NBSS&LUP / SAUs WDT/ZP/NGO WDT/ZP/NGO WDT/WDD/ZP/ Line Depts. PTC / NBSS&LUP / SAUs PTC / NBSS&LUP / SAUs PTC / NBSS&LUP / SAUs PTC / NBSS&LUP / SAUs PTC/NGO IISc UAS/DOA PTC/REC/DOA WDT/DoA/DoH/D OAH/KVKs/NGOs NGO/WDD NGO/DoH WDT/DoH/KVKs/ NGOs 106

117 and INM linked to the productivity Trainings Identified Sl Training Capacity Building to WDD/line PPMU/REC No. departments/saus., for Upscaling on DSS. 1 Training Awareness creation on DSS and its utility for PPMU/REC WDT and community institutions at micro watershed level 2 Training Training for conducting Soil survey and NBSS&LUP /IISc Watershed Assessment in Constitution of field parties 3 Training Orientation training for end users on Soil survey NBSS&LUP /IISc and Watershed Assessment 4 Training Capacity building on usage and utility of LRI for planning and interpretation for WDT. NBSS&LUP/SAUs & UHS 5 Training Workshops, trainings and seminars on usage and utility of DL for planning and interpretation ICRISAT& Partners for WDT and local watershed institutions including GP and RSK's and line department staff (insitu/satcom) 6 Training Training on Geo-informatics (GIS) (Land scape Technology -Latest development ) ICRISAT & NBSS&LUP 7 Training NBSS&LUP,IISc Capacity Building for Project staff on Use of Land resources portal and SAUs and WDD. 8 Training Agency familiar Additional training and Technical support for hydrology and stakeholder facilitation. with the use of hydrological models/ngo/wdt 9 Training Trainings at watershed institutions NBSS&LUP/SAUs /WDT 10 Training Training WDT Teams for Programme integration, convergence planning & designing WDD Training Centres interventions, safeguards (1 to 6 )and Hydrology 11 Training Training community, CBOs,and GPs for WDT/NGO Programme integration, convergence planning, Hydrology 12 Training Pilot and monitor a program of testing new tools PTC/WDT in I phase Micro Watersheds 13 Training Delivery of trainings to WDT, CBOs and GP - (Intensive monitoring and documentation ) NGO 14 Training Organizing farmer field school to disseminate the best practices / technologies to the farmers with the help of field guide, brouchers, training material Research Organisations / KVKs / UAS 107

118 15 Training Training - SAU's and WDD/line department staff on basic & advanced Hydrological monitoring & assessment 16 Training Training of micro watershed sanghas, GP, KVK's and NGO's by the SAU'S on Hydrological monitoring 17 Training Training SAU & WDD / Line Dept. Staff on Improved methods of Surface & Ground water recharge development 18 Training Trainings to Extension Agents on Technology transfer 19 Training Training farmer groups (Sanghas) around small Demonstrations on perennial crops, annual crops and nutrition gardens to assist to adopt Good Agriculture Practices including integrated nutrition, pest and disease management practices, in-situ water conservation, weed control, intercropping, mulching, supplemental irrigation 20 Training Training and Capacity building need assessment both at state as well as at the field level 21 Training Training of trainers (TOT) to all the state level stakeholders including WDD & DOH HQ staff on planning process including tools for integrated watershed management and in-house M&E development 22 Training Training and capacity building of horticulture based farmer groups (Sanghas) established in the micro watersheds for various Horticulture crops on harvest and post harvest management 23 Training Training village institutions like SHGs, UGs, GPs, Progressive farmers and Village Extension Agents on integrated natural resource management, hydrology/ground water management, safeguards, agriculture intensification, marketing and post harvest management 24 Training Additional training and technical support for hydrology IISc WDD/SAU's IISc, SAU and NBSS&LUP UAS/DoA DoH/WDT/HOPC OMS WDD/PPMU WDD/DoH/NGO DoH/NGO NGO/WDT WDT/NGO 25 Training Field testing & Training on ICT Tools WDD/DOH/PPMU 26 Training Technical support for maintenance, refinement and to strengthen WDD MIS 27 Training Capacity Building of project staff at different levels on Procurement, Financial Management 28 Training Training to facilitators (TOT) Outsourcing WDD/Outsourcing WDT/DoH/DoAH/ KVKs/NGOs 108

119 29 Training NREGS Convergence trainings to EC and GP WDT/ZP 30 Training Focused Horticultural Trainings DoH/WDT Exposure Visits Sl Exposure No. visit 1 Exposure visit 2 Exposure visit 3 Exposure visit 4 Exposure visit 5 Exposure visit Organizing National and International exposure visits to GOK officials Exposure visits to farmers within the district/state for better understanding and adaptation of the technology Organizing exposure visits to SHGs, UGs, ECs, GPs, Jala mitra and progressive farmers Exposure visits to Horticulture Farmers / User Groups Improved post-harvesting handling practices through exposure visits Exposure visits for Headquarters, Field Staff & Support Staff within India and to other countries. ICRISAT ICRISAT NGO/WDT WDT/WDD Outsourcing DoH/PPMU/REC 109

120 4.5 Component 5. Project Management and Coordination Component 5 will be implemented through three sub components Sub-component 5.1. Human resources The sub-component will support incremental technical staff (both full-time and parttime) in headquarters and field offices, with specialization in various disciplines such as agriculture, hydrology/meteorology, GIS/MIS, environment, training, documentation, procurement, financial management, and legal services. These staff will be mainly located in the headquarters of the project. The sub-component will also support incremental administration costs including field travel, communications and equipment such as rental cars, computers, office furniture, etc, to support project implementation. The sub-component will cover costs of external audits and other relevant financial management activities. It will also support the setting up and maintenance of a project website (built as update to the existing WDD website) and other project information material. The project will have a comprehensive communication and review strategy to ensure wide awareness about the project purpose and lessons, and ensure stakeholders engage in the continuous improvement of the project. This will include specific information events and workshops, but will largely build on the M&E and learning system and products, as well as a wide range of knowledge products emerging from the research and development component. Management specialists will be hired for strengthening the WDD management and M&E systems, and upgrading the WDD s existing MIS system. In terms of strengthening extension systems and outreach to rainfed farmers, the REC will build strengths and links of the existing agricultural extension system. This will be coordinated with the District Agricultural Training Centres through KVKs(under the Agricultural Universities) in most districts and also the RSKs (or Farmer Contact Centres) located at the Hobli level. The RSKs are managed by the Agricultural Officer at the Taluk level, and form a contact point for farmer facilitators and farmer groups for agricultural inputs, information on DoA schemes and technologies. One farmer facilitator, with an allowance from the DoA, provides support on technologies and advice on schemes to farmers in an area of 500 ha, roughly equivalent to a micro-watershed. RSKs will have IT upgrading under separate DoA funds, the PPMU will contract a consultant to work closely with the REC and extension units to develop interactive 110

121 kiosks on a pilot basis, which extension agents and farmers can use to access a range of information. Based on the utilization and feedback, these kiosks will then be rolled out in the second phase project also. For technology transfer, specialist technical agencies, coordinated by the PTC and REC and working in consultation with DoA and end users, will be contracted to develop information decision tools for end users. For prioritizing and coordinating field demonstrations and field schools for the adoption of new technologies, the REC will coordinate with the DoA s and UAS field research and extension processes. At District and Taluk levels the project will provide support staff, training and equipment to build capacity and strengthen the arrangements already in place, mainly the existing DWDTs and WDT under the IWMP. The REC supported by outsourced specialized NGOs will undertake capacity building of existing agricultural and horticultural extension units, especially RSKs, so that the local units can access and use a greater range of information products, decision tools, and manage field demonstrations. A web-enabled computerized MIS which will be an integral part of the M&E system, integrated into the overall WDD MIS systems Sub-component 5.2 Financial management and procurement The sub-component will support consultancies for financial management, procurement, and internal audit to augment internal WDD capabilities and systems. Costs for staff training in Bank procurement and financial management will also be supported. A Finance Management and Procurement Cell (FMPC) will be established in the WDD under the PPMU for financial and procurement control and reporting of the project. The project will have a full time qualified Finance Manager at State level and qualified staff in each of the eleven project Districts. There will be dedicated staff to assist with the accounts under the horticulture component in Districts. Financial management and procurement consultancies will be outsourced to assist the PPMU in designing, establishing, and monitoring the FM systems, software installation, and processes for handling finance and procurement issues under the Bank project. 111

122 4.5.3 Sub-component 5.3 Project monitoring and evaluation Introduction: The sub-component will finance the incremental third party monitoring and evaluation requirements relevant to project activities specifically, complementing the overall M&E system operating under IWMP. The M&E system shall consist of the following elements: i) Baseline studies; ii) concurrent progress monitoring; iii) process monitoring and pathway analysis; iv) results monitoring, including performance assessments, with regular local and State project planning and review workshops; v) participatory monitoring and evaluation; vi) thematic studies and case-studies, with learning and policy oriented workshops; and vii) impact evaluation. Input-output monitoring and regular reporting will be supported by a web-enabled computerized MIS which will be an integral part of the M&E system, Strategy In the wake of increasingly emerging concern all over the world for people-centric, environment- friendly and cost- effective development initiatives, there has been a paradigm shift in monitoring and evaluation of projects. The thrust is essentially on participatory monitoring and evaluation. It enables identification of operational constraints and problems if any in planning and successful implementation of a project and the department of suitable hands-on corrective measures by involving those concerned. The project monitoring and evaluation approach as envisaged in the project provides for the involvement of different stakeholders, implementing agencies and research organizations in key decisions regarding convergence with other development programmes in the area, inclusiveness, equity and agricultural intensification with best farming practices and efforts at up-scaling. The project M&E system shall a) provide a clear picture of the project, showing the logical link between inputs, activities, outputs, and the sequence of outcomes; b) outline an institutional/ governance structure for M&E and the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders involved; c) describe a strategy to track progress, measure outcomes, support the evaluation work, and enable continuous learning and improvement; and d) provide information regarding what the project aims to achieve, identifies the critical processes and indicators, and how it would measure and report on results. Annexure X 112

123 provides project and component outcome indicators and methods for collecting information. Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Monitoring is a systematic and continuous assessment of the progress and direction of all activities throughout the project period, watching closely the project implementation trajectories and the results achieved. In the process, shortcomings are identified and brought to the notice of decision-makers, to facilitate implementation of corrective measures. Evaluation consists of determining the net contribution of the project to agricultural intensification in the project area adopting science-based farming and benefits that are accrued to the stakeholders, by using a set of indicators. Learning comprises the corrective measures identified to bridge the gaps observed in the programme during the monitoring. The learning insights that emerge in the process should be documented for generating a knowledge base that will be used in developing contingency plans to overcome shortcomings in implementation of similar programmes elsewhere. The learning, therefore, triggers multiplier effects across space and time. Impact Assessment Impact Assessment of the project is done to evaluate the overall impact of the project on the natural resources and socio-economic aspects. This is done through 10% sampling (socio-economic & natural resources) with respect to baseline, mid-term and final assessment. Impact assessment will be carried out in 3 stages:- i) Initial stage: The first stage will be initiated with baseline survey, which forms the benchmark for the mid-term and final assessment. The sample watersheds under the project taluk will be selected through simple random sampling with control watersheds selected outside the project area. ii) The baseline surveys would draw information from the Digital Library and Natural Resources Portal and data from other sources. iii) Mid-term assessment will be carried out to coincide with the half way point of project implementation. It will make use of baseline information as benchmark. 113

124 iv) Final assessment: The final evaluation would coincide with the end of the project. At this stage, the evaluation would focus on the project s overall objectives of improved productivity, reduction in poverty across the target population through scientific land-use, performance of the local level institutions regarding their ability to manage the resources, level of convergence with other development programmes to determine equity, inclusiveness and optimum allocation of financial resources. It will also focus on the best management practices identified involving research organizations. Concurrent progress monitoring The purpose of this activity is to assess progress in implementation against time progress of and fund use against budgets. It will report on progress of implementation and expenditure on a quarterly and annual basis. Concurrent monitoring will consist of two parts: Input-output monitoring (updated monthly, reported quarterly and annually) to be undertaken by project implementation and management units supported by an MIS; and Sample survey (quarterly basis), to be undertaken by an external M&E agency for validation of internal reports. Process monitoring and pathway analysis Process monitoring will deal with critical processes directly related to the project objectives, viz., formulation of integrated plans, convergence of resources, and so on. It will be combined with pathway analysis to systematically study and analyze the factors leading to achievement or non-achievement of intermediate project outcomes and impacts. Process monitoring responsibilities will be divided between internal and external auditors, and specific formats and checklists developed to facilitate process monitoring by internal staff members. To deal with the constraints of lack of capacity for undertaking such assignment, an external agency will be hired for capacity building of project team. 114

125 Monitoring of results To track efficiency and effectiveness of the project interventions, achievement of results will be continuously monitored. While the MIS will be able to track immediate results, tracking of intermediate outcomes will be done by an external M&E agency, which will also validate findings of input-output monitoring on a quarterly basis. Any deviations notice will be corrected. Project Management Information Systems (MIS) Input-output and results monitoring would be supported by a web-enabled computerized MIS which would be an integral part of the M&E system, wherever necessary integrated into the overall WDD MIS systems. Support in this area would cover i) initial assessment of management information requirements and potential for ICT automation; ii) software development; iii) customization; iv) field testing and system rolling out; and v) sustained technical support for maintenance, including further adaptation and refinement. Participatory monitoring and evaluation Participatory M&E (PME) tools will be developed and used extensively at Executive Committee, Panchayat and User group levels for sensitization, capacity building, planning and self-assessment of institutional capabilities, depending on stage of institutional maturity. Gopal Mitras/ Jala Mitras will be brought on board to the tools. Suggested methods include self-scoring by Community Based Organizations (CBOs), and District team facilitated institutional assessment. Results of self-scoring exercises will be integrated within the project MIS and indices developed for assessment of institutional maturity. Thematic studies and case-studies The need for thematic studies will emerge from the findings of the process monitoring and external quality monitoring as the project progresses. Specialized agencies with expertise in the fields to be studied will be invited for planning and conduct of these studies. The studies will generally be evaluative in nature, but may also capture good practices of the project. In addition, the project will proactively undertake documentation of processes, case-studies, best practices and lessons learnt from project experience. Documentation will be for internal learning as well as for disseminating 115

126 project experiences to other stakeholders; it will be a continuing process throughout the project duration and across all the project personnel. Impact Evaluation The objective of Impact Evaluation will be to establish the net contribution of the project to the sustainable livelihoods of the targeted families quasi-experimental timeseries design will proposed for the project impact evaluation. As necessitated by the nature of the project outcomes and impacts, an appropriate mix of quantitative and qualitative methods will be adopted for the evaluations. Action learning, documentation and reflection Internal learning is crucial for the project to be responsive to the changing context of the project as it progresses. The effectiveness of internal learning will depend upon the degree of institutionalization of learning among the various levels of project organization and the community. A considerable part of learning will take place through a structured set of participatory workshops associated with quarterly and annual review and planning, at local, district and State level. Institutional Arrangement for M&E The M&E responsibilities will be distributed across all the project units and staff. However, primary responsibilities at each level will rest with M&E specialists: M&E Coordinator and MIS Coordinator at the state level; M&E assigned specialist and MIS Specialist at district level; and Hired services for design, development, operation and maintenance of project MIS. The Results framework table in Annexure outlines responsibilities in relation to outcome monitoring. Items to be Monitored Convergence between NREGS and IWMP so as to augment finances for effectively organizing soils and water conservation measures as only 63% of the allocations under IWMP could be used for soil and water conservation 116

127 Micro-watershed plans developed for promoting science-based land-use management coupled with integrated water resources management based on hydrological assessment. Bridging the yield gaps at the individual farm level in the watersheds that could be achieved through science-based farming and incorporating the best management practices are to be identified by organizing bi-monthly and annual zonal workshops involving research organizations as wells as line departments, viz, agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry by WDD. Annual zonal workshops will distil the best practices and learning for up-scaling. WDD will take initiative to organize these workshops. 117

128 Fig.14 Information Flow for Monitoring & Evaluation WDD UAS-B UAS-D UAS-R UAHS-S UHS-B BMPs Research Themes REC Schemes Indigenous Knowledge & Issues Line Departments 1. Agriculture 2. Horticulture 3. Animal Husbandry 4. Fisheries Farmer Groups UAHV&FS-B BMP s DWDO WSC (User Groups) 118

129 Chapter-5 Pre Project Studies under the KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) (Disclosed in WDD website The WDD initiated Baseline, Social Assessment and Environmental Assessment studies. The study reports submitted by the different agencies have made several observations and recommendations to be considered by the project authorities. The said reports are reviewed by the PIA-WDD, and suitable recommendations and observations are considered for drafting implementation concept note and details are given below; 5.1 Comprehensive Base line Survey of the project districts: Objectives and Scope of Study; The broad objectives of the baseline study under SUJALA-III considered are to ascertain the current status of the poor rural households in the 7 Project Districts (Bidar, Chamarajnagar, Davangere, Gadag, Gulbarga, Koppal &Yadgir) in terms of their resources, skills, livelihoods, assets and to identify the factors affecting their current status. To establish benchmarks against which project progress will be measured, To generate and develop an information base pertaining to socio-economic profile of targeted households and villages, To reflect on power dynamics structure pre-existent in the target areas, and risks which are likely to be faced by the project; also suggest mitigation strategies for the risks identified. To map the availability and concentration of developmental agencies and inputs in the project districts, while analysing their socio-economic profiles. Introduction; In Karnataka, in general, the area under dry land agriculture is prone to periodic droughts, severe soil erosion due to erratic rainfall, and depleting groundwater, significantly hindering agricultural productivity. Sujala Watershed Development Project (Sujala I), implemented by the Watershed Development Department, established a model for the participatory integrated Watershed Development. Sujala 119

130 was a community-driven watershed development project implemented over The current project - Karnataka Watershed Development Project II (Sujala III) aims to build on the success of Sujala I by involving all stakeholders. However, as a prerequisite to this process this study is undertaken to identify the Stakeholders individuals or agencies who can impact and/or who can get impacted by the project - and to map their expectations as well as issues. Methodology followed; Methodology followed is analysis of primary data followed by baseline indicators matrix development, of the information collected from State, District, Taluk Offices, including survey by the investigators of the agency. Although several indicators are considered for study, only data for few selected indicators data details applicable to the seven project districts are given in following Table Table: Baseline Indicators (all figs in % of households unless stated) Sl. No Indicator Bidar Cha mraj nagar Davan gere Gadag Gulbarga Koppal Yadgir Coverage (Talukas) No. of households sampled 1 Owning Land Land Holding Size Landless (Nil) Small (0 to 2 acre) Marginal (2 to 4 acre) Medium (4 to 8 acre) Big (> 8 acre) Water Harvesting Structures Farm Bunds Contour Bunds Ponds Stone/Earth dams Check dams Diversion Dams Migration

131 (overall) Migration 5 (category wise) SC ST BC Others Annual Income <Rs. 20, Rs.20,000-50, Rs. 50,000-1,00, >Rs. 1,00, Annual Income 7 Sources Agriculture Labour Trade MGNREGS 9 %households involved Beneficiaries by Ration Card Type 11 11a 11b BPL Antyodaya APL Utilization of Subsidy Schemes Households Utilizing Category wise SC ST BC Others Households dependent exclusively on Agriculture Having own Land % Milk Yield per milch animal (Ltrs/Yr)* computed based on average figures 121

132 Key Observations of the study; The key observations arrived from the data analysis are; i. Most of the farmers do not have water harvesting structures in their land to conserve rain water, which is essential for improving farm productivity. ii. iii. iv. Only a few households have permanent house structures, with a higher percentage of households residing in temporary/semi-permanent structures. In most of the sub-watershed areas, the households rely on firewood and other fuels for their cooking needs, thus impacting the ecology adversely. Since there are no toilet facilities either at the household or community level, there is a possibility for the spread of contagious diseases from open defecation. v. Most of the households do not give importance to nutritious food and, therefore, give least priority for expenditure on food. vi. vii. viii. ix. In the sub watershed areas, more farmers depend on traditional agricultural equipment & practices, and prefer organic pesticides to chemical pesticides, which is a positive and encouraging trend in the agricultural practices. However, one of the disturbing trends is that the farmers are more dependent on hybrid seeds than using indigenous ones, and, if this trend continues, there is every possibility of the latter becoming extinct. In most of the sub-watershed areas, the households depend more on micro finance institutions and money-lenders for borrowing. Since the rate of interest charged is high, it leads to distress sale of assets. Most of the household income is spent on non-productive purposes like marriages and festivals and they give less priority to child education, food consumption, etc. The benefits from the Government of India s flagship poverty alleviation programme, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), which seeks to create income-generating assets at the local level through community involvement, rarely manage to reach the target groups. x. Most of the marginalized households interviewed were not often aware of the existence of the various government-initiated poverty alleviation programmes / 122

133 schemes and the SC/ST households have not benefitted much from such initiatives. xi. xii. The cattle population appears to be on a declining trend, this can mostly be attributed to severe drought conditions which affect the project districts almost every year. Due to this, milk production is less compared to the state average. Due to lack of proper rainwater management structures, the agricultural output is way below the state average, if properly augmented, there can be multiple crops grown in the same land as also for more than one season to increase production. KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) - View; After reviewing the above mentioned observations drawn based on the data generated, it is made clear that, in the KWDP-II project implementation plan (PIP) would be addressing majority of them with appropriate interventions as a convergence model, involving concerned line departments, MGNREGA, IWMP and PRIs. Therefore, the proposed project indicators would be enough to indicate the expected out comes of the project implementation. 5.2 Social Assessment Study: Objectives; Main objectives considered for the Social Assessment study are: To carry out a socio-economic, cultural and political/institutional analysis to identify potential social impacts of the proposed development of the project; To identify principal stakeholders, carry out consultations that are well documented and develop institutional framework for transparent and participatory implementation; Screen the proposed investment and assess whether there will be any adverse social impacts and to determine the applicability of policies relating to involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples policies, and, To ensure that results of the SA provide inputs for participatory implementation. 123

134 Social assessment (SA) in the seven project districts ensures that development initiatives contribute to inclusive development and poverty reduction. It is an approach for incorporating social analyses and participatory processes into project design and implementation. SA helps to make the project responsive to social development concerns including seeking to enhance benefits for the poor and vulnerable people while minimizing or mitigating risks and adverse impacts. The following tasks were undertaken during Social Assessment Beneficiary Assessment; Stakeholder Analysis; Impact Assessments; Safeguards Analysis; Risks Analysis; Designing Participatory Framework; Human and Institutional Development; Monitoring and Evaluation; Scope for Financial Participation by Beneficiaries; Assessing the Legislative and Regulatory Considerations. The findings of the assessment are as given below; Boundary issues are likely to crop up while implementing private land development activities such as bunding and plantations. Convergence evokes mixed reaction from stakeholders. Therefore a detailed convergence policy is needed (under preparation). The issue of what is the right or desirable mix of common land treatment and private land treatment in a given location needs to be addressed. Due to high fluoride content in groundwater, people in several watershed locations of Yadgir, Koppal, Gadag and Gulbarga districts suffer from dental and skeletal fluorosis. They expect that watershed development activities would mitigate the incidence. KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) s Views; The findings of the Social Assessment study reveal that the overall impacts would be positive but issues related to equity need closer attention. As per the report, the Social Assessment enquiry has identified the following points as key social development issues/ principles which should underpin the project s strategy and implementation, accordingly following steps are considered for implementation under project implementation plan(pip); i) Participation and inclusion is the central point in the design of the project. 124

135 ii) iii) iv) The IWMP of WDD aims to assist for mobilizing individuals and institutions at different levels: from community to state level; Project would be implemented on Integration and Convergence policy design to protect the interest of all the project stakeholders while developing the Watershed Project area on a science based plat form. Sector related institutions would be strengthened, or if necessary established, at different levels with explicit capacity, composition and a definite mandate, with strong emphasis on accountability and service delivery performance; v) An Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign would be implemented by: publicizing the project rules for open engagement of partners; establishing a communication platform; and an easily accessible digital library. Therefore no Social Safeguard Policies are triggered for the focused action. Further, Given the shift in project design from an investment to technical assistance focus, the investments no longer have any direct bearing on the Bank's Social Safeguard Policies - Resettlement and Lands. No lands are to be acquired for any of the proposed activities, nor any impacts on the tribals expected. However, some risks are possible for example in convergence activities, which involve new processes, and direct engagement with political bodies. These would be addressed by providing for participation by Panchayat Raj Institutes (PRIs), their capacity building, and establishment of a grievance process to address any disputes. 125

136 5.3 Environmental Assessment EMF Report: Environmental Assessment and Management Frame work (EMF): Environmental Management Frame Work (EMF) mainly comprises the following tasks; Understanding the project area with respect to the Environmental Situations existing; Analysis of the existing Environmental Situations and Identifying the sensitive areas which needs attention under the prevailing legal frame work; Understanding expected Positive and Negative Impacts due to intervention of several activities under different components; Assigning responsibilities to different stakeholders/project players for Enhancing Positive impacts and Mitigation of Negative impacts for assuring safety through the safeguard measures to the society and the delicate environment. Developing and Implementation of Capacity Building Activities to the project stakeholders/project players at different levels for Environmental Management. Objectives; The specific objectives of the EMF are; a) To provide a systematic approach for identifying various possible environmental impacts at different stages of the project cycle, b) To identify appropriate mitigation measures against the identified environmental impacts and c) To devise an institutional arrangement for mainstreaming environmental management into the project implementation processes. 126

137 Introduction Over view of the KWDP-II (Sujala-III) reveals that the project design does not result in any adverse environmental impacts and leads to enhancement of positive environmental impacts. KWDP-I of GOK has prepared a detailed EMF and implemented the model. However, the study agency has provided the Environmental Assessment Report of the proposed project districts and the EMF has been prepared based on a detailed; a) Environmental Assessment, b) Stakeholder Consultations and c) Baseline Assessment. Review: Review of available literature, visiting the project area and consulting the respective DWDO and other line departments to establish the baseline conditions in terms of physical and biological environment conditions in the proposed project area is done. Data on key parameters such as hydrological conditions of the watershed, status of natural resource management, land use pattern within the watershed, etc. are collected. Based on the information collected the environmental impacts, positive and negative, on account of the project are identified. Project stakeholders Consultation: The project stakeholder s consultations were held to delineate the appropriate boundaries of the environmental assessment and to screen potential adverse environmental issues. Feedback on the expected environmental issues related to the project impacts and suggested mitigation measures was also received. Study data Analysis The important environmental issues identified: Through stakeholder consultations in the project districts following summarized environmental issues are identified and listed below. 127

138 Parameter Area Situation Land Related Forest cover Depleting Natural Resource Base Poor vegetation in forests Degradation of forests due to anthropogenic activities Land Degradation Soils Related Water Related Livestock Related Soil fertility Siltation of tanks Soil Erosion Groundwater levels Water Availability Fodder Fuel wood Low water holding capacity of soils High to moderate erodability of soil Erratic and low rainfall Small and non perennial streams Water Quality Inadequate Sanitation (report not given details) By knowing the expected Positive and Negative environmental Impacts due to project interventions under different components; Review and evaluation of the KWDP-II components was done from the point of view of the World Bank s Safeguard policies for identification of potential environmental issues in terms of their nature, magnitude, extent and location, and timing and duration. Table: The World Bank Safeguard Policies, Key Features and their Applicability. Policy Key Features Applicability to this project OP/BP 4.01 Environment al Assessment OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitats Potential environmental consequences of projects identified early in project cycle. EAs and mitigation plans required for projects with significant environmental impacts or involuntary resettlement. EAs should include analysis of alternative designs and sites, or consideration of "no option" Requires public participation and information disclosure before Board approval. Prohibits financing of projects involving "significant conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives". Requires environmental cost benefit Applicable. To identify any potential impacts and proposed mitigation/ enhancement measures to address likely impacts. Not Applicable. The schemes to be taken up under the project would not convert or degrade natural 128

139 Policy Key Features Applicability to this project OP/BP 4.36 Forestry OP 4.09 Pest Management OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.20 Indigenous Peoples analysis. Requires EA with mitigation measures. Prohibits financing for commercial logging operations or acquisition of equipment for use in primary moist tropical forests. Supports environmentally sound pest management, including integrated pest management, but does not prohibit the use of highly hazardous pesticides. Pest management is the borrower's responsibility in the context of a project's EA. Implemented in projects which displace people. Requires public participation in resettlement planning as part of EA for project. Intended to restore or improve income earning capacity of displaced populations. Purpose is to ensure indigenous peoples benefit from Bank financed development and to avoid or mitigate adverse affects on indigenous peoples. Applies to projects that might adversely affect indigenous peoples or when they are targeted beneficiaries. Requires participation of indigenous peoples in creation of indigenous peoples development plans. habitats. However, assessment procedures and mitigation measures have been put into place through the EMF so that any likely negative impacts on the natural environment are minimized. Not Applicable. Proposed investments do not have any impact on forest habitats under the project areas. Not Applicable. Project is not financing procurement of any pesticides. Not Applicable. Not Applicable. 129

140 Policy Key Features Applicability to this project OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources OP/BP 4.37 Safety of Dams OP/BP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways OP/BP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas Purpose is to assist in the preservation of cultural property, such as sites having archeological, paleontological, historical, religious and unique cultural values. Generally seeks to assist in their preservation and avoid their elimination. Discourages financing of projects that will damage cultural property. Applies to large dams (15 meters or more in height). Requires review by independent experts throughout project cycle. Requires preparation of EA and detailed plans for construction and operation, and periodic inspection by the Bank. Covers riparian waterways that form boundary between two or more states, as well as any bay, gulf, strait or channel bordered by two or more states. Applies to dams, irrigation, flood control, navigation, water, sewage and industrial projects. Requires notification, agreement between states, detailed maps, and feasibility surveys. Applies to projects where there are territorial disputes present. Allows Bank to proceed if governments agree to go forward without prejudice to claims. Requires early identification of territorial disputes and descriptions in all Bank documentation. Not Applicable. Not Applicable. Not Applicable. Not Applicable. 130

141 Note: Other World Bank Policies important to Environmental Concerns is the BP This policy deals with Disclosure of Operational Information. The Bank s Policy on Disclosure of Information, has been incorporated in the project implementation plan. As part of disclosure plan, the Project would disclose the final environmental assessment report on its website and at the district headquarters, where the project is to be implemented. An executive summary of the environmental assessment would be prepared and translated in the local language and disclosed. Mitigation measures: Identified adverse environmental impacts were screened for designing mitigation measures and included in the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP). Project will be implemented in accordance with the EMF in a manner satisfactory to the (IDA) Association; including, the mitigation measures set forth therein, in a manner satisfactory to the Association; and by Ensuring that the environmental performance indicators contained in the EMF are updated and monitored regularly, in agreement with the Association. Environment Management Framework highlighting project activities, impacts, and mitigation measures with responsibilities, details would be communicated with a circular for implementation by the PIA-WDD. Management Arrangements: In view of the above situation, in order to implement the KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) efficiently and to facilitate the end users to be more responsible and responsive, aiming at achieving the watershed development objectives in long run, the project would contract an Environmental Management and Policy Research consultant who will assist the PIA - WDD to oversee the implementation of the EMF Risk and Mitigation: The project is not financing any on the ground investments, such as, water and soil conservation works, constructing check dams, erosion prevention structures etc. This minimizes the risks, if any, emanating from Bank s investments. 131

142 Project is supporting institutional capacities, use of new and innovative technology for watershed planning and training and capacity building of stakeholders on science and research based findings. The Project s objective is to improve integration of programs, strengthened institutions related to rainfed agriculture, and a stronger science-based approach supported by new innovations, knowledge and technologies that result in increased productivity of natural resources and incomes for communities in selected watersheds. KWDP-II (SUJALA-III) s Views: Consequent to the project implementation no potential large scale, significant and/or irreversible impacts are anticipated. However, the key environmental challenges that the project addresses are: (i) Optimal utilization of hydrological resources through improved planning and collection of hydrological data; and (ii) Arrest decline of groundwater and reduce soil erosion. In order to face the possible challenges effectively, at the district level the DWDO will be overall in charge for the implementation of EMF. DWDO would coordinate with the Environmental Consultant and take appropriate actions to implement provisions of the EMF. At the Taluk level the Agricultural Officer/ADA would be in charge of the implementation of the EMF. These, project players would be suitably capacitated with Workshops/Trainings. Under Environmental Management Frame work (EMF), the project plan has an approach with measures to enhance the potential positive environmental impacts that the project investments would result in. As part of the project design, new decisionsupport tools would be developed and piloted to improve selection of priority watershed sites that combine biophysical, hydrological, socio-economic, and environmental criteria. Deployment of such tools is likely to facilitate sustainable utilisation of natural resources, accurate investment plans to improve the natural resource base. 132

143 The Detailed Project Report (DPR) prepared as a part of Watershed Assessment and consequent planning process would be screened and scanned by the WDT before it is submitted for approval of the District Level Committee (DLC). Training and Capacity Building under EMF and Social Framework; The objectives of the capacity building initiatives are: To build and strengthen the capability of Watershed development institutions and other partners (NGOs) to integrate sound environmental management into watershed implementation. To orient the watershed development staff, participating institutions at watershed level and communities to the requirements of the project s environmental management framework. Past experience of Sujala-I and with the implementing experience of ongoing IWMP- Batch-1 & 2, the district and taluk level implementing agencies have clearly gained awareness, skills and experience regarding the environmental aspects of watershed planning and implementation. However, in the new project area project stakeholders have to be trained in a systematic way to build their capacity to safe guard the Environment. Appropriate Modules will be developed under safeguards as detailed below. After assessing the Environmental Management Frame work report and the baseline as well as The Social Assessment study reports the WDD proposes the following comprehensive capacity building arrangements to address the various Social and Environmental issues. Details of Training Programs to be considered during the project period; i) providing for participation by PRIs through SWS and MWS level institutional platforms ii) capacity building of PRIs and securing participation in planning and implementation iii) establishment of Right of Grievance (RoG) to address issues arising at the MWS & disputes (if any) across different levels. 3. Planning & Designing interventions 4. New approaches and tools for integrated planning, 5. Watershed management and Hydrology and links with land-use decisions to promote rationale for more NREGS convergence with spatial Targeting 6. Environmental Awareness Management and Monitoring 133

144 Developing community monitoring training modules for WDT, CBOs and GPs Developing training modules in Hydrological assessment Developing Capacity Building Manuals on technology transfer for Extension Agents Capacity building on usage and utility of LRI for planning and interpretation for WDT. Workshops, trainings and seminars on usage and utility of DL for planning and interpretation for WDT and local watershed institutions including GP and RSK's and line department staff (insitu/satcom) Training on Geo-informatics (GIS) (Landscape Technology -Latest development ) Capacity Building for Project staff on Use of Land resources portal Additional training and Technical support for hydrology and stakeholder facilitation. Approach Systematic capacity building initiatives are planned after the training needs assessment. The training would be of Top-Down-cascade mode. All the trained staff and others will in turn conduct further trainings at district, taluk and village levels. However, since capacity building goes beyond mere imparting training, institutionalization of best practices becomes a prerequisite for improved watershed management. Therefore, Capacity building for environmental management will be integrated with overall capacity building component of the project. Further the Masons, skilled labour, etc., and workforce involved in the project will also be trained. Institutions for Training: In view of the specialized training and capacity building envisaged under the EMF of the project, it is necessary to identify nodal training institutes that will closely work with capacity building wing of WDD for conceptualizing, designing, conducting and managing training programs on the EMF. Some such specialized institutions are: Environmental Management Policy and Research Institute. Karnataka RajyaVijnana Parishat, Indian Institute of Science. Engineering Staff College of India. Selected Staff of Forest Department. Selected Staff of Watershed Development Department. Other Identified Consultants. 134

145 Participants: Key officials of the project including TWDT, DWDT, as well as State Level Environmental Experts and District Resource Persons. DWDO of the district will be responsible for selection of suitable candidates for the training, and the expense will be borne by the overall project capacity building budget. Schedule: The training will include an initial orientation workshop, a main and annual refresher training workshops on environmental assessment. The main and refresher training programs will be for duration of 2-3 days each, whereas the initial orientation workshop will be of one day duration. 10 Training programs will be conducted during the first year and 5 refresher programs per year will be conducted for the next 4 years. This will total to 30 programs. Usage: This EMF is prepared for implementation by the WDD in the project area in order to overcome the anticipated adverse impacts of all the direct and indirectly linked infrastructure related activities and prepare enhancement and mitigation measures for implementation. Therefore, the PIA would make good use of this EMF and the good practice guidance note to identify key Environmental issues, as well as plan and implement mitigation and enhancement measures, as and where applicable. New Legal Requirements & Updation As and when required, PIA-WDD would update the EMF on any new legal requirements modification of existing legislation or introduction of new legislation as and when they are announced or made applicable. PIA-WDD would also ensure that the design, implementation and operation of all its sub-projects are in line with the new legal requirements. In particular, PIA-WDD would update the chapter on legal requirements as and when required. Comprehensive EMF Review: PIA-WDD would undertake one thorough / comprehensive review of the EMF during the project period. Based on the review, the EMF would be updated if necessary. WDD would undertake this review and revision prior to Sujala-III s mid-term review by the World Bank. 135

146 Supervision and Monitoring Plan: The following provisions are considered and the arrangements would be made for the effective implementation of the EMF with Supervision and Monitoring Plan: Environmental supervision: A sample of 10% of the completed schemes will be visited at six monthly intervals by the WDT to check if all safeguard requirements are met and to identify any issues that need to be addressed. The selected sample will have representation of both Phase- I and Phase-II project area. However, internal environmental monitoring will be done as part of the regular monitoring by the WDD. Monitoring of Relevant Environmental Parameters The M&E process to be initiated in by the project will also monitor and prepare a report of the environmental situation in the project districts including data and analysis of relevant parameters such as rainfall, depth to water levels, status of groundwater basins, soil erosion, etc., as well as a listing of relevant new legislation and regulations that have a bearing on the environmental performance of the project. The EMF will be suitably revised annually on the basis of situation and data availability. Environmental Audit Twice during the project period; mid-term and end-term; the WDD will appoint an external agency to undertake an independent audit of the environmental performance of the project. 5% of the completed micro watersheds will be covered in the audit having representation of both Phase- I and Phase-II project area. 136

147 6.0 RIGHT TO INFORMATION (RTI) Karnataka State has promulgated RTI Act 2005 (Central Act No.22 of 2005). Provisions of the Act provide that every office of the government should operationalize a Right to Information Cell to cater to information needs of public at large. Applications received shall be registered immediately and the information is furnished to the applicant within maximum time limit of 30 days. At the state level, Information Commission will oversee the RTI process. The Act prescribes for Public Information Officer (PIO), Assistant Public Information Officer (APIO) and Appellate Authority (AA). Watershed Development Department (WDD) has designated the public information officers at State, District and Taluka level. The WDD has also published Citizen Charter as provided under the RTI Act in its official Website Following is the schematic diagram of RTI structure in WDD. RTI STRUCTURE OF WDD STATE LEVEL DISTRICT LEVEL TALUK LEVEL Appellate Authority (AA) Commissioner Appellate Authority (AA) Director Appellate Authority (AA) Dist. Watershed Development Officer Public Informaiton Officer (PIO) Director Public Informaiton Officer (PIO) Dist. Watershed Development Officer Public Informaiton Officer (PIO) Asst. Director of Agril./Asst. Conservator of Forests/Asst.Director of Horticulture Asst. Public Information Officer (APIO) Addl. Director (Admin) Asst. Public Information Officer (APIO) Technical DWDO s Office Asst. Public Information Officer (APIO) Taluka Agriculture Officer/Range Forest Officer/ Asst. Horticulture Officer 137

148 The project adopts pro-active step to publicize the various aspects of the project through project website & extensively use the ITC tools and media to provide information to the stakeholders and the public at large. The RTI process diagram is furnished herewith. 138

149 6.1 RTI Process Diagram RTI Application Identify the APIO / PIO -as information officers PIO - 30 days to approve or reject application Information not available PIO must send return notice to applicant Application is accepted Application is rejected PIO to notify in writing additional fees to be paid, if any (No fees for BPL) Interventions are successful Information to application within 30 days APIO/PIO Appeal with appellate authority (AA) under sec 18 PIO rejects application. Sends decision notice including details of appeal rights AA to dispose of appeal within days AA accepts appeal information to be provided as soon as possible AA rejects appeal written notice to be given including right to appeal to central or state Information Commissioner (IC) IC reviews documents, PIO to justify non disclosure. 139

150 6.2 GRIEVANCES REDRESSAL Karnataka government has adopted a policy to speedily and effectively address public grievances, G.O.No. DPAR 21 AMC 83, dt prescribed modalities. A dedicated Public Grievances cell is constituted at the government level for addressing the grievances of the public at the earliest. This cell is under the control of DPAR. On receipt of the grievances, the concerned departments will make investigations. The action taken will be intimated to the applicant. Deputy Commissioner in districts through respective district departments are responsible for investigating and taking remedial actions on the grievances at the district level. The applications will be received at multiple levels (HO/District/Government). The applications / grievances received at state level will be sent to the concerned district DWDO offices to get it investigated. The action taken will be centrally monitored at state level. All the application / grievance received will be investigated at the district by respective DWDO. The compliance is reported through the Deputy Commissioner and also head of the department (Commissioner, WDD) to the state grievance redressed cell in DPAR with in 10 th of every month. Monthly grievance redressal progress report will be complied at district level & rendered to the Deputy Commissioner as well as commissioner WDD. The Commissioner WDD will also compile state level WDD progress report & submit to the DPAR Cell. Additional Director (Admin) in WDD will be responsible for this process. Pending applications if any at the end of each month will be monitored and suitable action initiated in the following months. The above mechanism will be followed for grievances redressal under the project. The grievances redressal process in WDD is as below: Application at state level Cell DPAR Application at District Level District WDD District Investigation Report to Cell through WDD copy to DC Action taken & Intimation to applicant 140

151 In addition, the grievance redressal particulars will be posted on the Project Website on monthly basis by 10 th of each month. Additional Director (Admin) in WDD will be responsible for this process. 141

152 Annexure - I Agro Climate Zone Characteristics of Project Districts Sl. No District Agro Climatic Zone 1. Bidar North eastern transitional zone 2. Gulbarga Zone-1 Northeastern transition zone, Zone-2 Northeastern dry zone 3. Yadagir Zone-2 Northeastern dry zone 4. Gadag Central dry zone Koppal Northern dry zone 6. Chamarajanagar Southern dry zone 7. Davanagere Central dry zone-4, Northern dry zone-3. Southern transitional zone-7 Average Rain fall (mm) Elevation above M.S.L (mt) Soil type Shallow to medium black clay soils, Red lateritic soils Shallow to medium clay soil, Clay loamy Medium to deep black soils Black red sandy loam Water Holding Capacity 10cm in medium black soil, 18-20cm in Red lateritic soils 10cm in medium black soil, 7cm in shallow soils 20cm in deep black soils, 10cm in medium black soils 20cm in black soils, 6cm in red loamy soils Red soils 14-20cm feet Red loamy black soils Black, Red sandy loam 14-20cm 14-20cm 10-15cm 142

153 Annexure - II Sl No Particulars of IWMP Watersheds proposed District Taluk No of Projects Batch 4 IWMP Projects No. Of Gram Panchayats No, of MWS Project Area Proposed for treatment (ha) 1 Bidar Chamrajnagar Davanagere Gadag Gulburga Koppal Yadgir Total Batch 5 IWMP Projects 1 Bidar Chamrajnagar Davanagere Gadag Gulburga Koppal Yadgir Total Batch 6 IWMP Projects 1 Bidar Chamrajnagar Davanagere Gadag Gulburga Koppal

154 7 Yadgir Total Batch V of CGIAR Districts 1 Bijapur Chikkamagalur Raichur Tumkur Total Batch VI of CGIAR Districts 1 Bijapur Chikkamagalur Raichur Tumkur Total Grand Total

155 Annexure - III Particulars of IWMP Watersheds proposed (Abstract) Sl No District Batch IV Batch V Batch VI Total Batch 4, 5, 6 IWMP Projects 1 Bidar Chamrajnagar Davanagere Gadag Gulburga Koppal Yadgir Total Additional CGIAR districts 1 Bijapur Chikkamagalur Raichur Tumkur Total Grand Total

156 Annexure - IV Need for Land Resource Inventory Karnataka is the eighth largest state in India with an area of M ha. It is endowed with varied climate, fauna and flora, soils, forests, bounty of minerals and many rivers. These resources enriching the social fabric of the state need to be conserved, protected and improved. But of late the limited cultivable land area of about 12 M ha in the state is under severe strain due to population pressure and competing demands of various land uses. According to various agency reports Land degradation has affected an area of about 7.7 M ha (40 % of the TGA) Wastelands occur in about 2. 0 M ha (11 % of TGA) Over-exploitation of groundwater and consequent drying up of borewells in all districts. Significant shift in the land-use pattern and diversion of prime lands to non-agricultural uses Declining productivity reported for most of the crops in both rainfed and irrigated agriculture. Salinity alkalinity has affected about 10 per cent of the total irrigated lands It is obvious that the neglect and deterioration of the land resources and consequent decline in the productivity is continuing without much effective intervention in the state. The situation is expected to worsen in the future and warrants urgent correction. This requires situation analysis and assessment to come out with remedial solutions. The challenge is not only to increase the productivity per unit area, which is steadily declining and showing a fatigue syndrome, but also to prevent or at least reduce the severity of the degradation, which has reached alarming proportions. The situation needs immediate attention of all the stakeholders, from policy makers to farmers, particularly involved in the management of vast stretches of rainfed areas in the state. The root cause for the degradation, neglect and irrational use of land resources lies at the grassroots or farm level. In the above background any initiative to address these issues should also rightly start at the farm/village/watershed level only. This needs detailed farm/cadastral level information on soil, water, land use and other resources. Land Resource Inventorisation (Modern Soil Survey) on large scale provides the information required for planning, executing and monitoring of all land-based activities at the farm or watershed level in the state. 146

157 . Formation of gullies in black soils of Northern Karnataka Before commencing the Land Resource Inventory at watershed level stakeholder workshops and education process will be organised as part of PRA by the IWMP, NGOs and WDT with active collaboration of various CBOs to be constituted by the IWMP NGOs. Suitable audiovisual aids will be developed by the NBSS&LUP for this purpose. 147

158 Annexure V Sequence of activities involved in the execution of Land Resource Inventory in watershed areas The sequence of activities involved in the generation of detailed cadastral level database in each of the watersheds identified in the state are indicated below. Land resources inventory at watershed level Traversing the watershed using cadastral maps and imagery as base Identifying landforms, geology, land use and other features Selecting fields representing land units Opening profiles to 2 m depth Studying soil and site characteristics Grouping similar areas based on their soil-site characteristics into management units National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bangalore Procurement of geo-referenced cadastral maps for all the 930 micro watersheds. If the geo-referenced base is not readily available for the project area, then the available cadastral maps will be scanned, digitized and georeferenced before they are used for field work. Satellite imageries (Cartosat Pan and LISS IV-Ortho) will be procured for all the watersheds and used for Identifying and correcting the boundaries of watersheds Identifying delineate major landforms and locating water bodies and major structures Marking habitations and permanent features of the area. Identifying geological formations and vegetative cover. 148

159 Generation of base maps for survey of the watershed by transferring boundaries identified from the imagery on to the cadastral maps. A typical geo-referenced cadastral base overlaid on imagery and used for land resource inventory Organisation of orientation training programme for field, laboratory and others involved in the project. Since the various Institutions, Departments and Personnel involved in the project are from different backgrounds, an orientation programme is necessary at the beginning of the project to explain the objectives, methodology, expected outputs and its impact on the user agencies. Traversing the watershed area to check the geological formations, rock types and lineaments, landform delineations and land use and updating the habitations and other permanent features Field investigations: Selection of transects representing all the landforms and units, site selection for profile study and recording of the following soil and site characteristics on a standard proforma (Pedon description form) a) Site characteristics viz., slope, erosion, drainage, rocks. b) Soil characteristics- texture, depth, colour, rock fragments, structure, redoximorphic features, porosity, etc. 149

160 Morphology of a typical red soil profile The required site and soil characteristics are described and recorded on a standard proforma by following the protocols and guidelines given in the Soil Survey Manual and Field Guide 150

161 151

162 152

163 Collection of soil samples from representative pedons for laboratory characterization and collection of surface soil samples from selected fields covering most of the management units for macro- and micro-nutrient analysis. Finalisation of soil map: Grouping parcels or survey numbers having similar soil-site characteristics into management units and showing their distribution on the cadastral map, as indicated below. Map showing the distribution of Management units at village/watershed level. 153