Competition in Agricultural Markets in Tanzania: Application of Structure, Conduct, and Performance Model
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2 Competition in Agricultural Markets in Tanzania: Application of Structure, Conduct, and Performance Model Anasia Maleko, Independent Consultant Co-authors: David Nyange, Isaac Minde, Emmanuel Domonko
3 Context Context and Objectives The growing concerns over agricultural commodity and food market competition The dichotomy nature of market structure that contain few large scale and with small scale companies missing the medium scale companies Commodities value chain with participants suspected to have inappropriate conduct in the market such as price fixing or collusion Objectives To analyze the context, the structure and functioning of the agricultural sector in terms of competition at various stages of the commodity value chain.
4 Model and Data Model The Structure Conduct Performance ( SCP) framework Data Literature, policy reports and commodity value chain briefs Wholesale prices and production data from ASLM, NBS, Crop Boards, FAO,WB, Agencies, NGOs and Associations. Limitation Access to information (timely, unreliable, missing data) Commodities with no data documentation and recent studies
5 Indicators STRUCTURE CONDUCT PERFORMANCE Total number of farmers Barrier to entry Number of processing firms Number of traders Barriers to trade entry and exit Potential collusion Price setting Buying and Selling Sector growth trends Price variability Degrees of market integration Level of value addition Transformation and Industrialization Agenda in Tanzania: How could agriculture be the and driver exporters rather than follower practices of economic transformation Market in Tanzania? share Font size 20 (given that we ll be in a room of over 150 pax) 6 X 6 rule to the extent Tariff possible rates (six lines, six words each) Each presenter will be allocated with a maximum of 15 minutes. Vertical and Horizontal integration Jobs created in postharvest operations Degree of regulation Access to market information
6 Preliminary Findings Food commodities more competitive than other traditional commodities (MAFC, 2016; NBS, 2016) Exports commodities Number of participants (Millions) Participants Commodities
7 Import (MAFC, 2016, NBS,2016) Preliminary Findings Number of Participants (Thousands) Participants 5, , , , , , , , , Commodities
8 Preliminary Findings Barriers to entry (capital, licenses, permits and taxes) Very few participants and jobs created in post harvest handling activities Market inequalities Vertical integration between traders and exporters
9 (MAFC, 2016, NBS,2016) Preliminary Findings
10 Preliminary Findings Export market concentration ratio (52.2%) Gini coefficient (MAFC, 2016, NBS,2016) %Cummulative proportion of Volumes Lorenz curve for Export %Proportion Traders
11 Preliminary Findings Import substitution market concentration ration(46.3%) Gini coefficient (MAFC, 2016, NBS,2016) 100 % Cummulative Proportion Volume Lorenz curve Imports % Proportion of Traders Equality Lorenz
12 Preliminary Findings Cashew nut market concentration ratio (31.37%, 64.39%) Gini Coefficient (CBT, 2016) % Cummulative Proportion of Volumes Lorenz Curve for Cashew nut % Cummulative Proportion of Traders Equality Lorenz
13 Preliminary Findings Jobs Created by Sector
14 Market Conduct Barrier to trade -Permits, Licences, Taxes, Initial capital - Poor quality of products Misconduct practices - Collusion - Price fixing Price settings Preliminary Findings Buying and selling practices (contract farming, out growers scheme and collection points)
15 Preliminary Findings Market performance Differences in commodities state of growth (decreasing, steady/stagnant and fast).
16 Maize (source MAFC policy brief 2016) Preliminary Findings 8, , , , '000 tons (ha) 4,000 3, tons /ha 2, , / / /2008* 2008/ / / / / / Area ( '000' ha) Production ( '000' tons) Yield (tons/ha)
17 Cashew (Source CBT report 2017) Preliminary Findings
18 Preliminary Findings Horticulture (flowers and vegetables) (TAHA report 2017) Total agric , , , , , , Horticulture* Traditional crops
19 Levels value addition -Low level of value addition - Quality issues Very Volatile prices -Traditional crops vs Food crops Market share -Negligible / Not at all Preliminary Findings
20 Preliminary Findings Degrees of market integration - Domestic food markets are fairly integrated - Exported exhibit imperfect price transmission(kilima, 2016)
21 Preliminary Policy Recommendation Government to reinforce regulations for markets competitive take action on miss conduct behaviours take measures on contracts that exploitative Strengthen regulatory bodies Promote processing with financial facilities Provision of incentives and conducive environment to private sector investments
22 Next phases Field work Analysis of the political economy Analysis of commodity fair competitions Discussion of the study policy implication and recommendations
23
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