Soil Data of Turkey, Currents Status, Problems, Needs

Transcription

1 Logo Soil Data of Turkey, Currents Status, Problems, Needs ANKARA UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL FACULTY SOIL SCIENCE & PLANT NUTRITION DEPARTMENT ANKARA, TURKEY ILHAMI BAYRAMIN Extension of the European Soil Database Workshop May 2012 Izmir/Turkey

2 Institutional and Legal Soil History

3 ATATÜRK FOREST FARM 1925

4 March 1924 Law # 432 Ministry of Agriculture (Ziraat Vekaleti) In 1928, Ministry of Economy 29 December 1931 Law # 1910 Ministry of Agriculture (Ziraat Vekaleti) 1932, Establishing Eskişehir Dry Agriculture Experiment Station 1937, Law # 3203, re-organization Ministry of Agriculture (3 General Directorate) 1943 Flood Control law 1950, law for drain of the marshlands, and soils from these areas.

5 law # 4753 Provision of lands for farmers (Soil Feast) and General Directorate of Soil Works. 1950, establishing General Directorate of Soil and Settlement 1954, Ankara Soil & Fertilizer Research Institute 1 June 1959 first publication of Soil - Water TOPRAK-SU journal

6 28 February 1954, law # 6200, establishing State Hydraulic Works Devlet Su İşleri (DSİ) Umum Müdürlüğü

7 February 1960 tarihinde Law #7457, General Directorate of Soil & Water (TOPRAKSU GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ)

8 General Directorate of Soil - Water Common Applications and Tasks RESEARCH SOIL SURVEY CREDIT & COOPERATIVE UNION INVESTMENT

9 1943, First Soil Map, Prof. Dr. Kerim Ömer Çağlar

10 1958, 1: scaled General Soil Map of Turkey Mesut Özuygur, Nazmi Ülgen, Ziya Arıkök & Adem Karaelmas Ankara Soil & Fertilizer Research Institute Harvey Oakes (USA, Soil Expert) Approximately 16 * 10 6 ha land is suitable for agriculture 4 * 10 6 ha land is suitable for irrigated agriculture 80% of the Turkey s soils are not suitable for agriculture of have series limitations

11 1955, Ankara Soil & Fertilizer Research Institute Detailed Soil Mapping Studies of Adana Soils 1: scaled aerial photos Soil type soil series Irrigation, drainage and reclemation studies Increasing productivity

12 ******************************* Europe Soil Map Preparation Law # 7457 General Directorate of Soil & Water Using 1: scaled topographical maps for soil surveys Exploratory 2 3 km inspection & soil surveys 1938 Old American Soil Classification (revised 1949)

13 Great Groups and important phases of soil depth, slope, stonniness, erosion etc. Two different maps were preprared and published at the reconnaissance level scaled The Soil Recources Inventory Maps (for each province) 1: scaled Watershed Soil Map and Report (for 26 watershed) Gediz & Menemen Plain Projects Irrigation Suitability Maps Land Use Capability Classification Maps

14 Mülga TOPRAKSU Genel Müdürlüğü

15 General Directorate of Rural Services 3 General Directorate closed and merged into 1 General Directorate of Soil & Water General Directorate of Soil Settlement General Directorate of Road & Water & Electricity

16 Turkey Potantial Soil Survey and Land Uses for Non- Agricultural Purposes of the Agricultural Soils Project Land Use Change Studies (update) 1: scaled Land Resource Maps (for each province) based on the study )

17 National Digital Soil Data Base Project GDRS National Soil & Water Recources Information Center 5559 soil map sheets were georeferenced and digitized ( !!!!!!!!)

18 After Closing General Directorate of Soil & Water Soil Survey Studies were stopped Decreasing # of the soil experts!!!!! Only studies for non-agricultural uses Increasing Soil pollution Decreasing agricultural soils Drainage & salinity problems GDRS was the only responsible agency with few experts and budget for soil survey studies

19 By Çukurova University 1: scaled Detailed Soil Survey Maps - State Farm Soils - Harran Plain - Çukurova Plain - Mardin Plain Soil Taxonomy (1975, 1999) Remote Sensing & GIS Still have - Georeferencing problems - No digital soil database (hard copy maps) and reports - Less than 2% of the Turkey s soils

20 13 January 2005 The only Governmental Agency GDRS was closed ** General Directorate of Agrarian Reform

21 3 July 2005 Law # 5403 Soil Protection and Land Use

22 We have Many Many Many Problems Soil Protection Boards at each province Soil (non-protection) Boards Board decisions (big pressure on agricultural lands) Almost no soil expert in Ministry of Agriculture agricultural lands 28 * 10 6 ha After * 10 6 ha

23 Re-organization of the Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (MFAL, Turkey)

24 With the law # 639 Full responsibility for the Turkey s Soils General Directorate of Agrarian Reform

25 General Directorate of Agrarian Reform 4 new departments related to soils Land Reclemation and Irrigation Systems Department Geographic Information Systems Department Agricultural Lands Evaluation Department Land Consolidation Department

26 PROJECTS Land Reclemation and Irrigation Systems Department Nitrates Directive Black Sea Agricultural Pollution Control Project GEF Question: No salt affected soils? no drainage problems? No... Problems?

27 PROJECTS Geographic Information Systems Department Increasing Statistical Capacity Agricultural Monitoring and Information System Determination of Problematic Soils and Amendment!!!!! Farm Accounting Data Network Determination of Problematic Soils and their Amendment!!!!!! Is this GIS departments work? Or We have been solving all problems on the table!!!

28 PROJECTS Land Consolidation Department Land Consolidation and Field Improvement Land Distribution Argicultural Reform Region Surveys Village Development Plan Participatory Land Consolidation Projects

29 PROJECTS Agricultural Lands Evaluation Department Improving Agricultural Capacty and Detemination of Soil Classes Land Use Planning

30 Law # st section is about objectives, definitions... 2 nd section is about land ownership and Soil Protection Board 3 rd section is about determination of soil resources and land use 4 th section is about soil protection and land use (suitability, planning) There are 2 more sections

31 Major Soil Related Tasks of the MFAL Determination of Soil Resources and Land Use Classification o Developing Land Use Classification System and Policy o Classification of Agricultural Lands & Parcel Size IACS & LPIS project!!

32 Major Soil Related Tasks of the MFAL Soil Protection and Land Use Planning o Protection of Soils o Land Use Planning o Preventing non-agricultural uses of Agri-soils o Determination of Great Plains and their protection o Erosion Risk Assessement Maps and Protection, Mitigation Measures o Monitoring soil pollution and protection o Land consolidation and distribution

33 What we need? Data Base. Soil Data Base. Detailed Soil Data Base. Detailed Digital Soil Data Base Soil Data Base Soil Data Base Soil Data Base

34 Logo Title Soil Data of Turkey, Currents Status, Problems, Needs Do we have any Soil Problems? Answer : NO Extension of the European Soil Database Workshop May 2012 Izmir/Turkey

35 Do we need detailed soil data base? Agenda!! - IACS LPIS - Land Consolidation - Land Distribution - Land Use Planning - Desertification - Climate Change - CO 2 release - Soil Erosion - Rural Development - Pollution - Biodiversity Does Soil Data Base help to solve all these problems? Our 41 years-old National Soil Database is crying, Please help me! I am too old to answer all of the problems.

36 Problems! - Lack of soil vision and mission? - Don t know the importance of the soil data base? - Lack of the soil experts in the ministry? - Lack of the experts at the universities? - Lack of the new technologies? - Lack of the soil knowledge? - Lack of the institutional structure? - Lack of the policies? - Lack of the WHAT?????

37 2005, #5403 The Soil Protection and Land Use Law Prof. Dr. Şefik Yeşilsoy In 1919, population was around We were importing wheat. In 1993, population is , We are exporting wheat However, we are in 2012, We are about to import wheat.

38 Non-Agricultural Use Applications Between (TÜGEM, 2011 Ocak) Years # Applications Accepted (ha.) Returned (ha.) TOTAL TOTAL GENERAL TOTAL

39 The only requirement? Not the needs The Independent National Soil Protection and Management Board The Independent National Soil Protection and Management Board The Independent National Soil Protection and Management Board The Independent National Soil Protection and Management Board The Independent National Soil Protection and Management Board The Independent National Soil Protection and Management Board The Independent National Soil Protection and Management Board The Independent National Soil Protection and Management Board The Independent National Soil Protection and Management Board