Learning from New Zealand s 30 Years Experience in Fisheries Management via a Quota Management System

Transcription

1 Learning from New Zealand s 30 Years Experience in Fisheries Management via a Quota Management System Project Team Michael Arbuckle Independent Fisheries Consultant New Zealand Raewyn Peart Policy Director NZ Environmental Defence Society Lynne Zeitlin Hale Sr Marine Conserv Fellow Kate Kauer Prgrm Dir, CA Groundfish Michael Looker New Zealand Country Director Carmen Revenga Fisheries Global Priority Lead Jeremy Rude Fisheries Specialist 1

2 3/28/18 3 Report Content Introduction Insights and Lessons from the New Zealand Experience Introduction of a QMS QMS Design Science and Information for Management QMS Implementation Outcomes Delivered The New Zealand QMS The Role of the QMS in the Settlement of Māori Treaty Rights The Principle Institutions Engaged in Fisheries Management The Wider Context of Ocean Conservation and Management Outcomes Achieved Under the New Zealand QMS Photo: Seafood NZ 4 Pre-QMS History of Fisheries since European Settlement 2

3 NZ s Quota Right is Amongst the Strongest in the World Design Attributes New Zealand s Individual Transferable Quota Exclusivity Individual Transferable quota in New Zealand is not a harvesting right but is a right to generate an Annual Catch Entitlement as a proportion of the Total Allowable Commercial Catch Duration Quota rights are owned in perpetuity Flexibility Quota owners are provided with some level of flexibility within regulatory constraints Quality of Title Transferability / Divisibility TACC adjustments proportionally adjust the right Settlement of Māori Treaty rights give ITQ rights constitutional force Quota ownership is registered and can be caveated and mortgaged ITQ are limited to NZ ownership Māori settlement constrains transferability of Māori owned quota Quota share and ACE are traded separately and are divisible Minimum holdings of ACE are required and aggregations limits apply Asset values and TACC catches for the first 26 species The value of fish quota has increased over time 3

4 3/28/18 The ITQ was the currency for recognition of the commercial fishing rights of Māori, enabling: Creation of Mandated Iwi Organizations (MIOs) Ascension of iwi in both the management and ownership of fisheries assets Social and economic benefits Identified benefits to Māori Creation and empowerment of MIOs Dividend payments to iwi from Māoriowned seafood companies Employment in Māori-owned companies Financial returns from leasing ACE Funds used to build homes, support scholarships, run language schools, build Marae 4

5 9 Photo: Seafood NZ Moving Forward: Challenges and Opportunities Under the QMS The multiple fishing sectors are managed under different systems Total Allowable Catch (TAC) Recreational Customary Commercial Other Sources of Fisheries-related Mortality O 5

6 Clarify how other uses of marine space impact quota rights; and how quota rights impact other uses 12Protect and restore habitat critical to fish production 6

7 13 Obtain adequate science and information for culturally and/or locally important species of low commercial value Photo: Seafood NZ Clarify the continuing relationship between the Crown and Māori for decision-making and co-management 7

8 3/28/18 16 New Zealand s approach to fisheries management will continue to evolve Ngā mihi To download the report go to: Photo: Seafood NZ 8