WINTER COLONY LOSSES AND RENEWAL OF HONEY BEE LIVESTOCK IN AUSTRIA. Robert Brodschneider Karl Crailsheim
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1 WINTER COLONY LOSSES AND RENEWAL OF HONEY BEE LIVESTOCK IN AUSTRIA Robert Brodschneider Karl Crailsheim
2 COLOSS survey on winter colony losses Colony loss rate [%] Winter Brodschneider et al., 2010; van der Zee et al., 2012
3 COLOSS survey on winter colony losses Colony loss rate [%] Winter Brodschneider et al., 2010; van der Zee et al., 2012
4 Colony dynamics Winter 2007/ / / / / operations Summer reproduction Fall colonies Winter loss Spring colonies Spring colonies P>0,05, Chi 2 Test
5 Colony dynamics 832 operations Winter 2007/ / / / /12 Summer reproduction Fall colonies Colony loss rate [%] Winter loss Winter Spring colonies P<0,05, Chi 2 Test Spring colonies
6 Renewal of honey bee life stock After a winter with very high losses How do beekeepers compensate for losses? Market research on honey bee trade
7 Material & Methods COLOSS survey on winter loss Follow-up study Online (LimeSurvey 1.91) % response, 246 answers Production of livestock Buy and sell of livestock Queens, nuclei, swarms, colonies Market research : reasons; details of bee trade etc.
8 Results: operation types 9% 16% n Median operation size Keepers Breeders Sellers Total Precursor study Winter loss (%, 95% CI) 18.0 ( ) 25.0 ( ) 15.0 ( ) 21.0 ( ) 25.9 ( ) 75% Sellers Reprod. & Sale Breeders Reprod. Keepers No reprod.
9 Multiplication Factor (MF) MF = (NewUnits + OriginalColonies) OriginalColonies Queens Swarms Nuclei Colonies MF Q MF S/N MF C After winter Honey bee units Photo:
10 Multiplication Factor (MF) MF = (NewUnits + OriginalColonies) OriginalColonies Beekeeping operation 1 colony 0 new colony MF = 1 1 new colony MF = 2 Photo:
11 Multiplication Factor (MF) Annual demand for honey bee livestock: % MF Compensation winter losses Regular requeening Problem related requeening Other losses?? -- Overall multiplication factor: Median operation MF: 1.667
12 Results: MF ANNUAL DEMAND: Overall multiplication factor: Keepers Breeders Sellers Total MF 2 0 Keepers Breeders Sellers Total
13 Results: Reproduction How is renewal accomplished? Queens Nucs, swarms Home-grown 83.7% 97.6% Purchased bees 16.3% 2.4%
14 Results: Reproduction Honey bee units Bought bee units Home-grown bee units 0 Replace queens (old, lost, nonlaying, drone laying) Restore winter losses Extend operations n.a. Own breeding Restore other losses Usage of bought and home-grown honey bees Other reasons n = 802 bought bee units, 3137 home grown bee units
15 Results: Buying queens or bees (Market research) 100% Do not buy Buy bees or queens 75% 50% 25% 0% n=246 n=23 n=185 n=38 Total set Keepers Breeders Sellers
16 Results: Buying and selling 90 units (%) artificial inseminated unmated open mated controlled mated Sell Buy Sell Buy Sell Buy Queens Colonies Swarms, nuclei n=2247 (sell), 756 (buy)
17 Results: Buying and selling 90 units (%) artificial inseminated unmated open mated controlled mated Sell Buy Sell Buy Sell Buy Queens Colonies Swarms, nuclei n=2247 (sell), 756 (buy)
18 Results: Buying queens or bees Purchases (%) April May June July August September Month of bee purchase Queens (n=115) Nucs & colonies (n=53)
19 Results: Buying queens or bees 46.7% of purchasers order in advance % % of preorders were successfully executed 5 0 Month of reservation n=88
20 Results: Buying queens or bees 51.8% purchase bees from one sales operation 48.2% purchase bees from more than one sales operation n=137
21 Results: Buying queens or bees Reasons to choose sales-operation 80 Approval (%) n=137 0 Quality Confidence Genetics Nearby Price Other Habit No alternative known
22 Results: Buying queens or bees Spatial aspects: 25 Distance between honey bee buyers and sellers in Austria in 2012 (n=153) (%) Median (21.5 km) Average (50.1 km) shipping distance >250 Distance (km)
23 Conclusions - general The production of and business with honey bee livestock is an important part of beekeeping This might become more important when colony losses increase Proposition to study not only colony losses but also compare with reproduction Multiplication factor Estimate annual demand Estimate annual reproduction
24 Conclusions - Austria MF in Austria 2012 ~ 1.8 Breeder operations (and total community) achieve this MF Specialised Seller operations exceed this MF Beekeepers are self-supporters More than 50% of operations buy honey bee livestock Replace queens Restore winter losses Bee trade is mainly a local business
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