INTERGRATED AGRICULTURE-AQUACULTURE PROJECT IN KAGERA, TANZANIA

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INTERGRATED AGRICULTURE-AQUACULTURE PROJECT IN KAGERA, TANZANIA This project document has been developed by a group of participants to whom the credit and technical responsibility go. Dr.

1 INTERGRATED AGRICULTURE-AQUACULTURE PROJECT IN KAGERA, TANZANIA This project document has been developed by a group of participants to whom the credit and technical responsibility go. Dr. Abdel Rahman El Gamal supervised the group projects activity which was a part of the 3-month training course: Fish Culture Development Africa. This course is annually organized by EICA, JICA and EFTCA. The names and pictures of the team members who developed this project are shown in subsequent slides. 2014

2 FISH CULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PRESENTATION, 2014

3 INTERGRATED AGRICULTURE AQUACULTURE PROJECT IN KAGERA, TANZANIA CAROLYN MADALO CHINGUO PATRICK APPENTENG MAMOUN MAKAWI OBEIDA FADHILI RUZIKA

4 1. INTRODUCTION AQUACULTURE The farming of aquatic organisms TILAPIA CLARIAS SPP. CRUSTACEANS AQUATIC PLANTS

5 INTEGRATED AGRICULTURE-AQUACULTURE (IAA) The incorporation of animal and crop production within the same farm.

6 IAA CONT D IAA

WHY IAA Integration of aquaculture within the farming systems has been proven as a way of increasing production Conserves the environment since it uses small amounts of land to produce a variety of

7 WHY IAA Integration of aquaculture within the farming systems has been proven as a way of increasing production Conserves the environment since it uses small amounts of land to produce a variety of products. Integrated agriculture aquaculture is also very important because it generates synergy within a system- flow of energy within a system. manure from livestock can be used to fertilize fish ponds By-products of crops can be used as supplementary feed for fish Pond sediments can be used as crop fertilizers Waste pond water from aquaculture can be used to irrigate crops Helps conserve biodiversity because of judicious use of both land & water resources

8 2. PROJECT AREA AND DESCRIPTION Project area is Tanzania Project specific area is Kagera Region which is one of the Tanzania s 30 administrative Regions. It is located in the north western corner of Tanzania and at the western part of Lake Victoria. This Region borders Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi Countries. The Region has 6 administrative Districts which are Biharamulo, Bukoba urban, Bukoba rural, Ngara, Karagwe and Muleba. It takes its name from River Kagera which crosses Rwanda and then enters Lake Victoria to emerge as the Nile.

9 2. PROJECT AREA AND DESCRIPTION CONT D Map of Tanzania showing Kagera Region and its boundaries.

10 3. JUSTIFICATION: I. FRESH WATER AVAILABILITY The area is characterized by sufficient rainfall (900mm to 2000mm) p.a which makes the area abundant with rivers which have water throughout the year. III. HUMAN RESOURCE The area is mainly comprised of unemployed youths who need skills in any production entity as such IAA is ideal. II. HIGH DEMAND OF FISH There is high demand of fish in the region, at both the regional and international levels (Rwanda and Burundi) IV. EASY ACCESS TO FINGERLINGS In Kagera Region there is one private company in Muleba District which deals with fingerlings production, it's currently producing mixed sex tilapia and catfish fingerlings

11 3. JUSTIFICATION CONT D V. AVAILABILITY OF POULTRY The area has abundance of chicken that are kept in households, for the sake of project implementation Poultry is available all over and can be easily purchased. Manure for initial fertilization of the ponds will therefore not be a problem; even in future. VI. GOOD ROAD NETWORKS There are good accessible roads leading to almost every district and village in the region. The roads connecting neighboring regions and countries are also accessible. VII. GOOD CLIMATIC CONDITION The area has good climate for fish farming and vegetable growing Average temperature: 20 C- 30 C Rainfall amount: 900mm mm p.a

4. OBJECTIVES MAIN OBJECTIVE To utilize a small piece of land with the aim of maximizing production

To promote a better use of land through nutrient recycling and as a way of conserving the

To increase consumption of fish per capita.

12 4. OBJECTIVES MAIN OBJECTIVE To utilize a small piece of land with the aim of maximizing production at a low cost. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES To create an income source among the unemployed youths. To promote a better use of land through nutrient recycling and as a way of conserving the environment. To promote food security among the rural communities and the surrounding areas. To increase consumption of fish per capita. Establish demonstration model for adoption on how IAA works based on local conditions and locally available resources. To help curb migration from the rural areas to urban centers.

13 5. PROJECT FINANCE The source of project finance will be from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The total amount of the fund is USD % of the total amount will be contributed by the community Project will run for 5yrs

14 6. CULTURE TYPE Semi - intensive fish farming Polyculture of mixed-sex Oreochromis niloticus The vegetables to be grown are tomatoes & cabbages. Clarias gariepinus. Local poultry will also be reared

15 7. POND CONSTRUCTION A total land area of for project is 1 acre. Fish would be cultured in three types of pond. Brood-stock pond Nursery pond Grow-out pond

16 i. BROOD STOCK POND Brood-stock for the production would be obtained from Lake Victoria. A total of two brood stock ponds of sizes 100m³ (.ie.10m 10m 1m) each will be used. 6 hapa s of sizes 3m³ (.ie.3m 1m 1m) each will be put into each pond The brood stock will be stocked in a ratio of 3f:1m in each hapa, (.ie.12f:4m in each pond at an average weight of 200g (total of 32 brood stocks). Prior to stocking, the brood stock will be conditioned separately in tanks for 15days during which they would be fed with high protein feeds of 30% protein Later, the brood stock would be stocked together for the next 21days after fingerlings will be collected every two weeks.

17 ii. NURSERY POND 2 nursery ponds will be constructed of sizes 100m 3 as A & B. The ponds will be fitted with 2 hapas of sizes 3m 8m 1m (24m 3 ) and named as hapa 1, 2, 3 & 4. All collected fry s from the brood stock ponds will be transferred into hapa 1. Fry will be graded into three size classes later after hatching The smallest fry will be stocked into hapa 2, medium fry in hapa 3 and the large fry in hapa 4. Feeding will commence 3 days after stocking the fry s in their respective hapas. During this period, fry s would be fed with a powdered feed of CP 40% in hapa 1.

18 iii. PRODUCTION POND 16 grow-out earthen ponds of sizes 20m 10m 1m (200m 3 ) will be constructed. Stocking density: 5fish/m 3 (1,000 fingerlings/pond; 16,000 fingerlings/ 16ponds) Prior to stocking, the ponds would be prepared accordingly after which they will be fertilized with poultry manure at 15kg/ 200m3. This would be done 2 weeks before stocking and every 2 weeks after stocking 30g Catfish will be sourced from reliable hatcheries and will be stocked 2 months after tilapia has been stocked, (approximately tilapia size: 80g) Commercial feeds of about 30 CP% would be fed per body weight during their growth period.

19 8. POND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES I. WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS These will be analyzed in-situ on the farm using the following apparatus I. TEMPERATURE Temperature will be measured using a multi- prober water quality parameter checker. III. PH This will be measured using a ph meter to make sure that the ph is within the recommended range (7-9). II. DISSOLVED OXYGEN DO will be checked using same instrument V. TURBIDITY This will be measured using a secchi disk.

20 6 permanent staff will be employed on the farm (1 skilled & 5 unskilled) aside other ancillary workers who may come around during harvesting. The only external labor that will be sought after will be from the project implementers who will occasionally visit the project site to provide technical support.

9. POULTRY PRODUCTION Number of local birds: 100 Age: 8-12

The chicken will be fed on maize bran at a rate of

21 9. POULTRY PRODUCTION Number of local birds: 100 Age: 8-12 month old Husbandry: Kept in two separate chicken houses (20m 2 ) each. This number will ensure pond fertilization of the 16 ponds The chicken will be fed on maize bran at a rate of 80g/bird/day and other left over s coming from the household. Other auxiliary benefits could be eggs, meat and some chicks

10. VEGETABLE PRODUCTION Cabbage is a good source of protein, CHO,

Tomatoes are also valuable sources of food minerals and vitamins,

A and C Intercropping with vege s such as tomato disrupt the life

Studies have proven that people who eat large amounts of tomatoes

22 10. VEGETABLE PRODUCTION Cabbage is a good source of protein, CHO, Ca, Fe, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, as well as vit C Tomatoes are also valuable sources of food minerals and vitamins, particularly vit. A and C Intercropping with vege s such as tomato disrupt the life cycles of the pests of cabbage and hence increase plant growth. Studies have proven that people who eat large amounts of tomatoes or tomato products may be at a lower risk of some kinds of cancer, especially cancer of the prostate gland, lung and stomach

23 I. AGRONOMY I. NURSERY AND BED PREPARATION Prior to planting, the nursery and main beds will be prepared by manuring with poultry droppings/ compost II.PLANTING After bed is well prepared, both tomatoes and cabbage seeds will be sown. After 6wks, healthy seedlings will then be transferred to the main bed. III. SPACING Cabbage seedlings will be transplanted at the of spacing of 60cm 60cm, whilst the tomato seedlings will be transplanted at a spacing of 30cm 60cm. IV. WEED CONTROL Weeds will be manually controlled with a hoe at two weekly intervals to ease economics. V. HARVESTING Harvesting will be done 2 to 3 months after transplanting. Harvesting for tomatoes will happen after they exhibit fully matured characteristics of whole fruit being pink to light-red or fully red color. Harvesting for cabbages will happen after they reach the required size.

24 11. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT E Water Source N S Brood stock Nursing Pond Brood stock Nursing Pond W Outlet Hapas Sedimentation Pond Growing Pond Inlet Growing Pond Sedimentation Pond Poultry House Poultry House Growing Pond Growing Pond Office Garden W.C Growing Pond Growing Pond

25 12. ACTIVITY CHART I. FISH FARM Activities Month Ponds & Dikes Construction Fertilization of ponds Filling of ponds Procurement of hapa nets and fish farming equipment Construction and fixing of hapa s Procurement of Fish feeds Procurement of Broodstock Flushing of Broodstock prior to mating Mating of Broodstock Fry Collection Fish Stocking Introduction of Supplementary Feeds Fish Sampling Fish Harvest Key: Brood Stock of Tilapia Fry Fingerlings Clarias gariepinus fingerlings

26 ACTIVITY CHART CONT D II. POULTRY Activities Month Construction of Poultry House Procurement of Feeding Equipment Procurement of Drugs & vaccines Procurement of Feed (Maize Bran) Procuring of Poultry Poultry Raising Collection of Eggs Selling of Birds

27 ACTIVITY CHART CONT D III. VEGETABLES Activities Month Clearing of Land Preparation of nursery beds Sowing of Tomatoes and cabbage seeds in nursery Manuring of main Bed Transplanting of seedlings Watering of seeds Weeding of farm Staking of tomatoes plant Harvesting

grades: Grade 1: (300-350g.ie. 3/kg) US$ 6.

28 13. MARKETING APPROACH Some fish will be sold at farm gate Market center Sales point Fish Price will be determined by grades: Grade 1: ( g.ie. 3/kg) US$ 6.00 Grade 2: ( g.ie. 4-5/kg) US$ 5.00 Grade 3: (Below 200g.ie. 5-8/kg) US$ 4.00

14. FINANCIAL APPRAISAL I. POULTRY ITEM TOTAL NUMBER UNIT COST (US DOLLARS) TOTAL COST (US DOLLARS) Chicken (8 months) 100 5 500 Coccidiostat 1 2.00 2.

29 14. FINANCIAL APPRAISAL I. POULTRY ITEM TOTAL NUMBER UNIT COST (US DOLLARS) TOTAL COST (US DOLLARS) Chicken (8 months) Coccidiostat Newcastle vaccine Gumboro vaccine Dewormer Antibiotics Wooden feed troughs Maize bran 1000 kg Straw for roofing 5 TOTAL 669

30 FINANCIAL APPRAISAL CONT D I. POULTRY CONT D FIXED ASSETs: Land crate structure WATER and FEED troughs could be used for 2 to 3years; the rest are variables Assuming one matured chicken is sold for 10 American Dollars with 100% survival rate: Number of birds: 100 Cost of one bird: 10 Dollars 100 birds 10 $ =1000 Dollars (Gross income) Total cost of production=669 Dollars Gross income less total production cost =Net profit Net profit: = 331 Dollars

31 FINANCIAL APPRAISAL CONT II. VEGETABLES ITEM TOTAL NUMBER UNIT COST (US DOLLARS) TOTAL COST(US DOLLARS) Land preparation Hand hoes Farm boots Cutlasses Watering cans TOTAL 194

FINANCIAL APPRAISAL II. VEGETABLES FIXED ASSETS: Land VARIABLE ASSETS: Farm Equipment (Hoe, farm boots, cutlasses.etc.) Assuming: 1 Kilogram of Tomato = 1.

32 FINANCIAL APPRAISAL II. VEGETABLES FIXED ASSETS: Land VARIABLE ASSETS: Farm Equipment (Hoe, farm boots, cutlasses.etc.) Assuming: 1 Kilogram of Tomato = 1.85 USD 1 Kg of Cabbage = 1USD Estimated weight of cabbage produced on 250m 2 land = 1ton Cost of one kg of Cabbage= 1.00Dollar Gross income of cabbage =1000 kg 1.00 = USD Cost of 1 kg of tomato: 1.85USD Total Production of tomato on 250m 2 land= 2000kgs Gross income of tomato =2000 x 1.85= 3700 USD Total Gross Income =1000(Cabbage) (Tomato) = 4700USD Net Income = = 4506USD

33 FINANCIAL APPRAISAL III. FISH Cost and Revenue of the Project - FIXED COST Item Unit Price/ Unit (US$) Total (US$) Land (privately owned) Ponds Construction ,420 Poultry houses Office Store room Bath room Pipes and connection for ponds Vehicle (pick-up) 1 25,000 25,000 Generator (18 Hp) ,630 Water Checker (Multi set parameter i.e Oxygen meter, ph, Conductivity, Temperature) TOTAL 32,400

34 VARIABLE COST No Item Unit Price/Unit 1 Fish Brood stock (Tilapia) Fingerlings (Clarias gariepinus) (US$) III. FISH CONT D Artificial feed Fish feed 8404 kg Nets ( Different Mesh sizes) i. Hapa (1 mm) ii. Fry scoop iii. Harvesting net: 4 cm 6 cm Fuels & oils 8, ,960 5 Salaries Labor (skilled) Labor (non-skilled) Repair and maintenance 2,000 7 Annual Depreciation Buildings Generator Vehicle Total (US$) Total 8 months TOTAL (U$S)

35 DEPRECIATION - FIXED COST ITEM TOTAL (US$) LIFE SPAN YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 Land (privately owned) Ponds Construction 2, Poultry houses Office Store room Bath room Pipes and connection for ponds Vehicle (pick up) 25, , Generator (18 Hp) 2, Cutlasses Watering cans Wooden feed troughs Straw for roofing Water Checker (Multi set parameter i.e Oxygen meter, ph, Conductivity, Temperature) TOTAL

36 OPERATIONAL COST FISH Item YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 Fish Brood stock (Tilapia) Fingerlings (Clarias gariepinus) Artificial feed 8, , , , , Fish feed 8, , , , , Sampling nets ( Different Mesh sizes) i. Hapa (1 mm) ii. Fry scoop iii. Harvesting net: cm cm 14, , , , , Fuels & oils Salaries Labor (skilled) 2, , , , , Labor (non-skilled) 2, , , , , Repair and maintenance , , , , Annual depreciation 3, , , , ,287.35

37 OPERATIONAL COST CONT D Item YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 YEAR 5 Hand hoes VEGETABLES Farm boots Cutlasses Watering cans CHICKEN TOTAL (VEGETABLES) Chicken (8 months) Coccidiostat Newcastle vaccine Gumboro vaccine Dewormer Antibiotics Wooden feed troughs Maize bran Straw for roofing TOTAL (CHICKEN) GRAND TOTAL 9, , , , ,636.63

38 15. EXPECTED PROJECT OUTLOOK Oreochromis niloticus Day Initial weight Number of Biomas Total feed Survival per fish (g) fish (kg) to be used rate , % , , Total 7586 Assuming Oreochromis niloticus will be sold at 4 USD per kg: 6,561.74kg = US$ 26,

39 EXPECTED PROJECT OUTLOOK CONT D Clarias gariepinus Initial weight Number of Total feed to Day per fish (g) fish Biomas (kg) be used Survival rate % Total Assuming Clarias gariepinus will be sold at 2 USD per kg: 491 kg= 982 USD Grand total (Fish) Total fish production= kg = tons Total fish price= 27, USD

40 16. PAY-BACK PERIOD Initial Investment Cost = US$ 40, Total revenue for fish production = US$ 27, Total revenue for Chicken production = US$ 1, Total revenue for vegetable production = US$ 4700 Total revenue for the whole farm = US$ 32, Pay Back Period = Initial investment average annual profit Therefore: Payback period = US$ 40, = 1.2 years US$ 32, The project is very feasible

41 PAY-BACK PERIOD GRAPH revenue generated Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 year 4 Year 5 Revenue Generated

42 17. OUTLOOK OF THE PROJECT I.SUSTAINABILITY Awareness of the project Monitoring of the project will be conducted every growing season Evaluation of the project will be conducted every two years to see its sustainability. II. POSSIBLE CHALLENGES Theft occurrences: 2 full time guards will be employed to ensure the safety of all crops and equipment. Changes in costs of some equipment over time Capacity of the beneficiary community folks would be built. There are no competitors in the area since there are no fish farms at present.

43 18. CONCLUSION With the ever increasing world population, land and water resources is becoming limited; This obviously will affect food insecurity IAA is therefore seen as an ideal culturing system to mitigate this challenge As this will help address the food insecurity as well as limited resource problems There will be job creation and income improvement, thus improving the livelihoods of people developing countries like Africa and the world at large.

44 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

45 COMMENTS & QUESTIONS

Establishment of a Private Fish Hatchery for Nile tilapia and African catfish in Mparambo, Burundi)

EGYTIAN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURE EICA WARM WATER FISH PRODUCTION TRAINING COURSE 2012 AQUACULTURE PROJECT Establishment of a Private Fish Hatchery for Nile tilapia and African catfish in Mparambo,