Emerging Small Grains: Triticale Forage & Malting Barley

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1 Contact Information Cell: Blog: billsforagefiles.blogspot.com Website: Twitter: Bill Emerging Small Grains: Triticale Forage & Malting Barley Bill Verbeten Cornell Cooperative Extension NWNY Dairy, Livestock, & Field Crops Team

2 2 Take Home Points Winter triticale forage and malting barley acreage are rapidly increasing in New York. Successfully growing these crops requires a lot of attention to detail.

3 3 Winter Triticale Acreage in NY

4 Research Locations

5 Yield (tons DM/acre) 5 Yield and Optimum N Rate ~30% fields no response to N rates ~45% fields response to high N rates Optimum N rate (lbs/acre)

6 % Crude Protein 6 Crude Protein Every 18 lb./n increase CP by 1%. However large variation in CP levels across farms N Treatment

7 DM Yields Corn Sialge 7 Previous Crop o Plant earlier RM corn silage NY Corn Silage Variety Trial Yields o Every 5 days earlier RM decrease yield by 0.25 ton DM/A o However large variation among varieties y = x R² = Ave Relative Maturity of Varieties

8 8 Fertilization o Most farms applying 5,000-8,000 ga/a of manure at planting o If needed apply nitrogen as early as possible in the spring. o Use urea with Agrotain and/or AMS

9 9 Harvest Timing Feekes 9.0 (Flag Leaf) Milk Cow Quality Feekes 10.0 (Boot Stage) Heifers & Dry Cow Quality o Crop will be between inches tall at harvest o Will be ready before alfalfa-grass haylage

10 10 Harvest Practices to Increase Drying Only outer ¾ inch of a windrow or swath dries quickly o Use a wide swath >75% of cutting width o Spread with a tedder 4 hr. after cutting o o o Dry to 30% DM Chop at ¾ inch TLC Inoculate with a homolactic bacteria

11 11 Post Harvest Field Preparation o Can no-till soybeans/alfalfa into stubble o Use a strip-tiller, zone builder, or very aggressive no-till for corn. o Full-width tillage will require 3 passes to break-up root masses and will likely not be economically

12 Acres 12 Malting Barley Acreage in NY Long-term10,000-20,000 acres of malting barley that meets quality standards

13 13 What meets the mark? Each year only 25-50% of the acres will meet malting standards. Need alternative markets: distillers, beef, chicken feed, etc.

14 14 Markets for Malting Barley Malt houses currently in Cambria, Batavia, Rochester, & Newark Valley, NY. Also Hadley, MA. Potential malt houses in Penn Yan, Canastota, Buffalo, Cooperstown, Albany, Rochester. See the Google Map for up to date list of malt houses and distilleries.

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17 17 Malting Barley Value If CP 9-12%, DON, <1.0 PPM, Germ >95%, & Plumpness >75-85%, etc. Then farmers can get $10-12/bu Spring Varieties bu/a Winter Varieties bu/a

18 18 Seed Winter barley: Wintmalt was widely planted fall Spring barley: Quest coming in for spring Some varieties on the market have not been tested under NY conditions.

19 19 2 row vs. 6 row 2 row: generally slightly lower CP (1%) than 6 row 6 row: better agronomic traits, essentially the same quality as 2 row 6 row varieties are being used to make award winning beers in NY

20 20 Pick the right field Well-drained fields. Soil with ph Lime if needed.

21 21 Pick the right field Aggressive tillage can help reduce disease risk. Don t plant after corn or small grain. Nearby small grain & corn fields can harbor disease.

22 22 Malting Barley Yield from N Need ~100 lb./a from Soil NO3 + Fertilizer N Do not apply 100 lb./a of fertilizer!!! ~1 to 1.5 lb. N/bu Montana

23 23 CP & Nitrogen CP increases as soil N+ fertilizer increases ~0.5%-1.5% CP for 50 lb./a Montana

24 24 Kernel Plumpness & N More N will decrease kernel plumpness Montana

25 25 Tiller Counts Soil Type Sand Silt Loam Clay Tillers/plant N to apply lb./a Getreide anbauen wie die Profis: Bestände aufbauen, führen, schützen. Growing grains like the professionals: Establishing stands, directing, & protecting

26 Total nitrogen uptake/release (kg/ha) 26 Nitrogen Mineralization Fall Legume 150 Fall Manure Early Spring Manure 100 Winter Manure Corn Winter Small Grain 50 Get N on early spring for malting barley 0

27 27 Bottom line: Most malting barley fields will need lb./a of nitrogen applied. Apply lb./a at fall planting, remainder early spring at green up.

28 28 Barley Diseases

29 29 Barely Diseases Fusarium Head Blight is the single biggest challenge to growing malting barley in NY. Do not grow barley after corn or another small grain. Tillage reduces/buries inoculum. Spray at Feekes 10.5 with Caramba, Prosaro, or Proline. (Possible earlier application at flag leaf as well).

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31 31 Weeds and Insects Tillage & tine weeders for organic. Don t use 2,4-D late. Harmony products ok. CLB Thresholds 3 larvae per stem prior to flag leaf stage 1 per flag leaf at or after Feekes 9.0).

32 32 Harvest Early As soon as you can get in, grain will be ~20% moisture. Go slow. Dry 5-10 F above ambient temp with indirect heat.

33 33 Cleaning Seed Either the farm or the malt house will be cleaning the seed. Can increase quality by getting rid of smaller, diseased, low-germ kernels.

34 34 Storage Need smaller bins, totes, or super sacks. Most malt houses do not have on-site storage yet.

35 35 Growing Malting Wheat Same practices as barley Plant Medina, a soft white winter wheat developed by Cornell Contact Craig Phelps for seed. cphelps@edgewoodfarms ny.com Phone:

36 36 Growing Distilling Grains Corn & Rye Huge opportunity for farmers to sell grains locally. Need to establish relationships with distillers.

37 37 Growing Distilling Corn Find out what the distiller wants before planting. Some will take anything. Some want non-gmo. Some want organic. Some may want a certain starch trait-like the ethanol plants. Will probably need to clean, dry, & store corn until distiller is ready. Do not apply sulfur fertilizer. Avoid fields with long history of manure. May affect the distillation process.

38 Yield (kg/ha) 38 Growing Distilling Rye Guttino Gonello Bellami Palazzo KWS Magnifico Brasetto (180 k/m2) Brasetto (200 k/m2) Brasetto (250 k/m2) KWS-H 119 KWS-H 120 KWS-H 124 KWS-H 131 KWS-H 132 KWS-H 134 Aroostok (Local Rye) Medina (wheat) Same practices as barley. Current varieties low yielding ~30 bu/a. German hybrid rye yielded ~3X as much as Aroostok in 2013 trial, ~ bu/a.

39 39 Take Home Points Winter triticale forage and malting barley acreage are rapidly increasing in New York. Successfully growing these crops requires a lot of attention to detail.

40 40 Questions?