Feeding Management for Lactating Sows

Transcription

1 Feeding Management for Lactating Sows Introduction Lee J. Johnston Extension Swine Specialist University of Minnesota West Central Res. & Outreach Ctr. Ph: -9-7 MAXIMIZE lactation feed intake is our goal Removing blocks to high feed intake is our approach We will focus on management Preparing the sow for success No diet formulations Environmental mgt. (includes facilities) Gestation/Lactation Relationship Gestation Feeding Level and Lactation Feed Intake of Sows (Weldon et al., 99) Effect of Late Gestation Feeding Level on Lactation Feed Intake Body Condition Scores of Sows Linear effect (P <.) D - Feeding level, lb/d Most desirable (Smits and King, )

2 Thermal Environment of the Pig What are we measuring? Air temperature seldom temperature pig feels Air speed Humidity Building materials, design, surface temperature Effective Environmental Temperature (EET) What pig really feels Combined influence of many factors 7 Concepts Related to EET Lower Critical Temperature (LCT) Consume more feed Apply extraordinary measures to keep warm Upper Critical Temperature (UCT) This is our goal! Suppress feed intake Apply extraordinary measures to stay cool Thermal Neutral Zone (TNZ) EET that optimizes production efficiency and comfort 9 Temperature Effects on Sow Feed Intake Routes of Heat Escape Sow s TNZ = to of Sow s UCT is about 7 of Feed intake inversely related to room temperature Thumb rule: of of hotness reduces feed intake about. lb/d Convection Radiation Conduction Evaporation

3 Convection -% of total heat loss Convection n Transferring heat by physical contact with fluid (air, mud, or water) that is at a different temperature than the pig n Main components are: n Surface-to-fluid temperature difference n Speed of the fluid n Contact area with the fluid n Cool drafts natural or man-made Radiation Radiation n Transfer of heat to a surface without direct contact to it n Main components: n Pig s surface area exposure to other surfaces n Difference in temperature between pig & surfaces -% of heat loss Conduction Conduction n Transferring heat by physical contact with another surface n Main components: n Core-to-floor temp difference n Conductivity of floor n Contact area between pig & floor -% of heat loss 7

4 Evaporation Evaporation Transferring heat by converting liquid water to vapor Main components: -% of heat loss Drip Cooling for Sows Relative humidity Air temperature Speed of air Wetted surface area Volume of air respired 9 Drippers and Heat ( F) Water droplet Corn - Soy Corn-Soy + Fat Drip Off Drip On Drip Off Drip On ADF, lb/d.7... Wt loss, lb Resp Rate 7 7 Pigs wean, no Wean wt, lb.... (McGlone, 99) Methods of Cooling Sows Drip Cooling Issues Emit small droplets of water on neck & shoulders (areas of high blood flow) Flow rate =. gal/hr while dripping Sow should dry off before next drip cycle starts Consider layout of supply lines to increase uniformity of supply Variable No cooling Snout cooling Drip cooling 7... Lactation wt. loss, lb McGlone et al. (9).7.9. Start dripping at 7 to of

5 Water Flow Rate and Lactation Feed Intake Feeder Management Water flow rate, cups/min. (Leibbrandt et al., ) Winter Summer..9.. Hand feeding (Peng, 7).7 Effect of Wet Feeding on Sow Feed Intake Pounds Effects of Self Feeding on Lactation Feed Intake ADFI, lb Sow wt. change, lb 9 7 Self feeding Dry feeder Pig wean wt., lb (Pettigrew et al., 9) 7.. Cool Season Wet feeder Hot Seasons Relationship of Rectal Temp on Lactation Feed Intake of Sows Keep Feeders Clean! (Matzat, 99) 9

6 Impact of Immune System Activation on Performance Effect of SDPP on Lactation Feed Intake in Summer Low b.b Trait Number of sows Feed Intake, lb/d Wt. Change, lb/d Litter gain, lb/d Milk yield, lb/d. Level of Immune Stimulation High. -..c.c (Sauber et al., 999) Control (Crenshaw et al., 7) Parity.% SDPP Parity Mature sows Effect of Dried Porcine Solubles on Feed Intake of Lactating Sows...9. Are Your Sows Comfort as a Pig in Mud? (Johnston et al., ) Dietary Dried Porcine Solubles, % Thank you! Questions?