Dry and wet season performance of selected herbaceous legumes in Uganda
|
|
- Jeffry Eaton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Tropical Grasslands (1997) Volume 31, Dry and wet season performance of selected herbaceous legumes in Uganda P. LUSEMBO 1, C. EBONG 1, E.N. SABIITI 2, MOHAMED-SALEEM 3, ABATE TEDLA 3 AND J. NDIKUMANA 4 1 Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda 2 Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda 3 International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 4 African Feed Resources Network, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract The dry matter production of 9 herbaceous legume species was evaluated over 3 years for their suitability as forage species in the subhumid regions of Uganda. Dry matter production of Centrosema pascuorum (6774), Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Wynn), Clitoria ternatea (9291), Macroptilium atropurpureum (Siratro), Stylosanthes guianensis (Cook), S. guianensis (163), S. hamata (Verano), S. scabra (441) and S. scabra (Seca) was assessed after 3-,6-,9- and 12- weeks regrowth in the wet season and after 6- and 12-weeks regrowth in the dry season. The Stylosanthes species were most productive in both wet and dry seasons. Appropriate seed production technologies need to be developed to make seed available for further studies and for distribution to farmers. Introduction In Uganda, natural grasslands provide fodder for more than 90% of ruminant livestock (Bareeba et al. 1993). The productivity of these grasslands is highly seasonal and too low to support animal production, especially in the dry seasons (Dzowela 1993). There is a need for species that can improve Correspondence: Dr P. Lusembo, Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute, PO Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda the forage quality of the natural grasslands and have a high dry season production. Introduction of adapted species of forage legumes overcomes this constraint (Otim 1975; Tothill 1986). Preliminary studies have identified adapted accessions with acceptable qualitative traits (Sabiiti and Lusembo 1990; Lusembo et al. 1995). However, the ability of these accessions to maintain productivity over time and seasons has not been evaluated. These studies investigated seasonal production patterns of promising species and accessions of herbaceous legumes in a subhumid zone of Uganda. Materials and methods The trials were conducted at Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (0 32 N, E; 1150 m above sea level). The soils are ferralitic sandy clay loams, low in phosphorus (4 ppm P, Bray I) with ph (H 2 O) of The area receives bimodal rainfall with peaks in March May and September November (Table 1). Hence, it has 2 growing seasons in a year. The trials were laid down at the beginning of 1993, with the species and accessions as indicated in Table 2. Plot size was 5.0 m 2.5 m. Planting was done as a continuous flow of seed in 4 rows, 0.5 m apart, at a seeding rate of 5 kg/ha for all species except C. ternatea, where the seeding rate was 10 kg/ha, due to the large seed size. Triple superphosphate (35 g/m 2 ) was incorporated into the soil just before planting at a rate equivalent to 70 kg/ha P 2 O 5. The evaluation process was divided into 2 periods: the establishment and production phases. During the establishment phase, the trial was arranged in a completely randomised block design with 3 replications. The parameters recorded were: number of plants per m 2 ; percentage plot cover; mean plant height (cm); and spread (cm) at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after sowing. Number of plants per unit area was determined by counting plants in a 1 m 2 frame randomly placed over the central 2 rows. Mean plant height
2 Performance of selected herbaceous legumes in Uganda 557 Table 1. Mean monthly meteorological data during time of experiment ( ). Parameter Month J F M A M J J A S O N D Rainfall (mm) Maximum temp ( C) Minimum temp ( C) and spread were measured. The plants were left to grow uninterrupted for one wet and one dry season before they were mown off prior to evaluation of regrowth. In the production phase, the trial was arranged in a randomised complete block design in split plots. The main plots were the species or accessions. The subplots were the regrowth ages after the standardisation cut. Two independent climatic periods were identified during the production phase: a period of 15 weeks during the wet season; and a period of 12 weeks during the dry season. Each of the periods started with a preevaluation standardisation cut at a stubble height of 5 10 cm for prostrate species (M. atropurpureum, C. rotundifolia, S. hamata and Centrosema pascuorum) and cm for erect and semi-erect species (S. scabra, S. guianensis and Clitoria ternatea). At the beginning of the wet season, a general standardisation cut was done on all species. A sample area of the innermost 4 m 2 was divided into 1 m 2 subplots which were sampled at the regrowth ages of 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks. At 15 weeks after the standardisation cut, all subplots were cut again, at which date the regrowth of the original 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-week subplots was 12-, 9-, 6- and 3-weeks-old, respectively. Parameters measured were: fresh matter yield (g/m 2 ); percentage dry matter; and total dry matter yield (g/m 2 ). Herbage was cut using scissors and immediately weighed. Dry matter concentration was determined using fresh samples ( g) dried in the oven at 60 C for 48 hours. During the dry season, the 4 m 2 sample area was subdivided into 2m 2 subplots which were sampled at 6 and 12 weeks after the standardisation cut. The harvested samples were treated in the same way as the wet season samples. Statistical analyses were performed with the MSTAT C (1986) statistical software package. The data are reported as averages over 6 wet and 6 dry seasons over a period of 3 years. Results and discussion During the establishment phase, all planted species and accessions developed an extensive vegetative framework and, by the 12th week after planting, all except S. scabra had achieved more than eighty percent plot cover (Table 2). This was due to the plants spreading and forming dense swards despite the different growth characteristics and seeding rates of the species used. Good weather conditions (Table 1) and planting at the beginning of the rainy season were partly responsible for the fast development. Under such conditions, this type of growth would be expected because it was partly on the basis of such characteristics (Lusembo et al. 1995) that the species were selected for further evaluation in this study. The creeping and prostrate species like C. pascuorum and M. atropurpureum provided soil cover at a faster rate than that of the erect species. Such species could be useful, especially for establishing pastures in newly cultivated seed beds and in reseeding denuded areas, as they are likely to check land degradation by reducing the time of exposure of bare soil to the environment. Although the germination and number of plants per unit area were high for the S. scabra accessions, percentage plot cover was low. This was attributed to the erect growth characteristics of the species. Despite the relatively low number of plants per unit area of S. hamata (a semi-erect and/or prostrate species), its leafiness and vigour afforded the species almost the same percentage plot cover as that of the trailing species. However, the percentage plot cover of S. guianensis cv. Cook at 12 weeks was significantly less than that of the other accession, ILCA 163, despite the prostrate nature of S. guianensis. Although anthracnose had not set in during this period, the vigour and spread of this accession appeared to be low. Among the tested species, Siratro seemed to have performed best for the assessed attributes (except number of plants per unit area) during the establishment phase (Table 2).
3 558 P. Lusembo, C. Ebong, E.N. Sabiiti, Mohamed-Saleem, Abate Tedla and J. Ndikumana Table 2. Forage yield characteristics of herbaceous legumes at 12 weeks during the establishment phase. Species Cultivar name/ Accession no. No. of plants per m 2 Plot cover Sward/Plant height Spread (%) (cm) (cm) Centrosema pascuorum ILCA Chamaecrista rotundifolia Wynn Clitoria ternatea ILCA Macroptilium atropurpureum Siratro Stylosanthes guianensis Cook Stylosanthes guianensis ILCA Stylosanthes hamata Verano Stylosanthes scabra ILCA Stylosanthes scabra Seca CV (%) LSD (P=0.05) Table 3. Average dry matter yield (g/m 2 ) of 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-week regrowth of herbaceous legumes during 6 rainy seasons at Namulonge. Regrowth age (weeks) Species Mean Centrosema pascuorum (6774) Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Wynn) Clitoria ternatea (9291) Macroptilium atropurpureum (Siratro) Stylosanthes guianensis (Cook) Stylosanthes guianensis (163) Stylosanthes hamata (Verano) Stylosanthes scabra (441) Stylosanthes scabra (Seca) Mean SEM for species = 5.54 *** SEM for regrowth age = 8.31 *** SEM for species regrowth age = *** Dry matter yield (DMY) of the species when harvested at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks during the wet season is shown in Table 3. At 3 weeks of regrowth, all species and accessions yielded almost similar quantities of dry matter. This was attributed to the phenomenon known as the lag phase experienced in cutting experiments, where the initial leaf area is low as a result of defoliation (Grof et al. 1970; Stur et al. 1994). Most of the species had the bulk of their foliage removed and new leaf growth had to be supported initially by stored carbohydrate reserves. Consequently, it was some weeks before new foliage could support maximum growth, after which time genotype differences were expressed. These genotype differences were most apparent 9 and 12 weeks after cutting. S. scabra accessions yielded the highest dry matter with no significant differences between the commercial cultivar, Seca, and ILCA 441. Verano yielded high DMY at most regrowth stages. This cultivar was particularly productive in West Africa and formed the basis of fodder banks, especially for dry season feeding (Mohamed-Saleem and Adeoti 1989). Such a cultivar may prove useful for forage development programs in Uganda, in place of S. guianensis cv. Cook, which has been threatened by anthracnose. It is worth noting that DMY of the commercial cultivar Cook of S. guianensis was significantly less than that of a recently collected accession, which has not yet been released as a commercial cultivar (Kidest Shenkoru et al. 1991). The low yield of Cook was attributed to infestation by anthracnose, which was prevalent on the cultivar during most seasons. However, the infestation became less severe with time and subsequent herbage harvests. This difference in susceptibility to anthracnose by the 2 S. guianensis accessions is consistent with preliminary results at Namulonge (Lusembo et al. 1995). The apparent resistance of S. guianensis ILCA 163 has been consistent since its introduction to Uganda in
4 Performance of selected herbaceous legumes in Uganda (Sabiiti and Lusembo 1990). Although C. ternatea had shown promise in previous studies, its production in the current trials was below expectation. Similarly, the performance of C. pascuorum and C. rotundifolia in terms of DMY was the lowest. However, such species should be included in other forage evaluation programs, as they may prove more productive under different sites and cropping systems in Uganda. Dry matter yield at 6- and 12-weeks regrowth during the dry season is shown in Table 4. It is evident from the figures that M. atropurpureum, S. guianensis and S. scabra accessions maintained productivity through the dry season, while many of the other species performed relatively poorly. Termite damage on S. scabra accessions during the dry season did not drastically reduce productivity. DMYs of the 2 accessions of S. guianensis during the dry season were similar. This study, conducted over a number of seasons, revealed that, despite susceptibility to anthracnose, Cook maintained a number of desirable characteristics. Hence, it should be retained in forage programs until sufficient seed of tolerant lines has been produced. Based on the high animal production levels achieved by incorporating S. guianensis in pastures in Uganda in the late 1960s (Otim 1975) and the recent reduction in stylo (Cook) herbage yields that have been attributed to anthracnose, it is recommended that animal production studies be carried out on the new accession to determine whether it could provide feed as valuable as Cook before it succumbed to anthracnose. Table 4. Average dry matter yield (g/m 2 ) of 3-, 6-, 9- and 12- week regrowth of herbaceous legumes during 6 rainy seasons at Namulonge. Species/ILCA No. Regrowth age (weeks) 3 6 Mean Ce. pascuorum (6774) Ch. rotundifolia (Wynn) Cl. ternatea (9291) M. atropurpureum (Siratro) S. guianensis (Cook) S. guianensis (163) S. hamata (Verano) S. scabra (441) S. scabra (Seca) Mean SEM for species = ±8.61 *** SEM for regrowth age = ±3.89*** SEM for species regrowth age = ±11.66* Agronomic merits have identified Seca, Verano and S. guianensis ILCA 163 as species with high forage potential. These species are highly productive in terms of DMY but information on animal response when fed these species is lacking. Validation trials are also warranted on the compatibility of the high yielding species in this experiment with grasses recommended for use in Uganda. Lack of seed is one of the major constraints to pasture establishment in Uganda (Lusembo 1993). It is further recommended that appropriate seed production technologies for the high yielding Stylosanthes spp. be developed in order to provide seed for further animal production studies and for on-farm testing of the species. Acknowledgements The studies were partly funded by the International Livestock Research Institute and the National Agricultural Research Organisation, to which organisations we are grateful. We are also indebted to Mr S. Kayiwa for his assistance in herbage harvesting and management of the experimental site and Dr J. Ogwang for his useful comments on the manuscript. References BAREEBA, F.B., SABIITI, E.N., LUSEMBO, P. and MUGERWA, J.S. (1993) Introduction and screening of Sesbania germplasm in the subhumid zone of Uganda. In: Kategile, J.A. and Adoutan, S.B. (eds) Collaborative research on Sesbania in East and Southern Africa. Proceedings of an AFRNET Workshop held in Nairobi, Kenya, September 9 14, ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Nairobi, Kenya. pp DZOWELA, B.H. (1993) Advances in forage legumes: A sub- Sahara African perspective. Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress. Rockhampton, , GROF, D., HARDING, W.A.T. and WOOLCOCK, R.F. (1970) Effects of cutting on three ecotypes of Stylosanthes guyanensis. Proceedings of the XI International Grassland Congress, Surfers Paradise, Australia. pp KIDEST SHENKORU, HANSON, J. and METZ, T. (1991) ILCA Forage Germplasm Catalogue Volume 2. Tropical lowland forages. (ILCA: Addis Ababa). LUSEMBO, P. (1993) Agronomic studies in forage legume seed production in Uganda. M.Sc. Thesis. Makerere University, Kampala. LUSEMBO, P., MOHAMED-SALEEM, ABATE, T. and SABIITI, E.N. (1995) Agronomic evaluation of herbaceous legumes in a subhumid zone of Uganda. African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 12 (2), MOHAMED-SALEEM, M.A. and ADEOTI, A.A. (1989) Screening stylo accessions for anthracnose tolerance. Preliminary report. ILCA Bulletin, 34,
5 560 P. Lusembo, C. Ebong, E.N. Sabiiti, Mohamed-Saleem, Abate Tedla and J. Ndikumana MSTAT, C. (1986) Microcomputer Statistical Program. Experimental Design, Data Management, Data Analysis. (Institute of Internal Agriculture: Michigan State University). OTIM, J.J. (1975) Comparative beef production from ley and improved natural pasture. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 41, SABIITI, E.N. and LUSEMBO, P. (1990) Forage legume evaluation in Uganda. Pasture Network for Eastern and Southern Africa (PANESA). Report on Collaborative Research, March 18 21, ILCA, Addis Ababa. pp STÜR, W.W., SHELTON, H.M. and GUTTERIDGE, R.C. (1994) Defoliation management of forage tree legumes. In: Gutteridge, R.C. and Shelton, H.M. (eds) Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. pp (CAB International: UK). TOTHILL, J.C. (1986) The role of legumes in farming systems of sub-saharan Africa. In: Haque, I., Jutzi, S. and Neate, P.J.H. (eds) The potential of forage legumes in the farming systems of sub-saharan Africa. Proceedings of a Workshop held at ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, September 16 19, pp (ILCA: Addis Ababa). (Received for publication November 29, 1995; accepted November 26, 1996)
Simposio Internacional: Biotecnología contra el hambre International Symposium: Biotechnology to fight hunger
CV- PETER LUSEMBO Name : Peter Lusembo Date of Birth : 31 October 1957 Place of Birth :Kyebe, Uganda Nationality : Ugandan Marital Status :Married Language : Main: English Others: Swahili & French Address
More informationHIGH YIELDING AND DISEASE RESISTANT ELEPHANT GRASS SUITABLE FOR INTENSIVE SMALLHOLDER DAIRY FARMERS IN KENYA. A.B. Orodho
HIGH YIELDING AND DISEASE RESISTANT ELEPHANT GRASS ID # 09-52 SUITABLE FOR INTENSIVE SMALLHOLDER DAIRY FARMERS IN KENYA A.B. Orodho KARI Regional Research entre, P.O. box 169, Kakamega, Kari-kk@Swiftkisumu.com
More informationPaper 15: Integration of forage legumes into the cropping systems of Nigeria's subhumid zone
Paper 15: Integration of forage legumes into the cropping systems of Nigeria's subhumid zone M.A. Mohamed-Saleem Forage Agronomist ILCA Subhumid Zone Programme Abstract Introduction Undersowing of cereals
More informationEvaluation of Forage Legumes under Sown with Maize on Dry Matter, Maize Grain Yield and Other Agronomic Parameters in the Highlands of Bale
International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS) Volume 3, Issue 4, 2017, PP 26-30 ISSN 2454-6224 http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0304004 www.arcjournals.org Evaluation
More informationStudy on the Performance of Vegetative Barriers and Improved Forage Species on Productivity of Degraded Grasslands
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 07 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.030
More informationEffect of duration of flooding on germination and emergence of sown Stylosanthes seed
Tropical Grasslands (2) Volume 36, 97 1 97 Effect of duration of flooding on germination and emergence of sown Stylosanthes seed R.J. JONES CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Townsville, Queensland Abstract
More informationAchieving a forage revolution through improved varieties and seed systems
Achieving a forage revolution through improved varieties and seed systems Chris Jones and Jean Hanson International Livestock Research Institute GLOBAL NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM 24 January 2018 Addis Ababa,
More informationLow-input, high-quality legume hays for north Queensland.
Low-input, high-quality legume hays for north Queensland. Kendrick Cox 1, Mark Keating 1, Steven Dayes 1 and Chris Gardiner 2 1 DEEDI, PO Box 1054, Mareeba, Q4880. www.deedi.qld.gov.au Email kendrick.cox@deedi.qld.gov.au
More informationA guiding manual for the utilization of cultivated oatvetch and tree Lucerne fodder in the Africa RISING sites of the Ethiopian highlands
A guiding manual f the utilization of cultivated oatvetch and tree Lucerne fodder in the Africa RISING sites of the Ethiopian highlands Melkamu Bezabih, Kindu Mekonnen, Aberra Adie and Peter Thne Produced
More informationImproved fallows for African farmers
Improved fallows for African farmers Notes to broadcaster The following article is adapted from parts of 'Improved fallows for western Kenya: An extension guideline', a 56-page document published by the
More informationCROP-LIVESTOCK INTERACTION FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD CROP PRODUCTION IN TROPICAL AFRICA*
CROP-LIVESTOCK INTERACTION FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD CROP PRODUCTION IN TROPICAL AFRICA* M. A. Jabbar and J. Cobbina ILCA, Humid Zone Programme, Ibadan, Nigeria INTRODUCTION The main concern of this training
More informationYield and nutritive value of tropical forage legumes grown in semi-arid parts of Zimbabwe
Tropical Grasslands (2001) Volume 35, 168 174 168 Yield and nutritive value of tropical forage legumes grown in semi-arid parts of Zimbabwe R.M. JINGURA, S. SIBANDA AND H. HAMUDIKUWANDA University of Zimbabwe,
More informationRelay seeding forage species in rice systems in Bhutan
Tropical Grasslands (200) Volume 35, 235 240 235 Relay seeding forage species in rice systems in Bhutan W. RODER, P. WANGCHUK 2, S. THSERING 3 AND T. GYELTSEN 4 RNR-Research Center Jakar, 2 RNR-Sub Station
More informationSeed yield and quality of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) as influenced by row spacing and fertiliser level
Tropical Grasslands (2005) Volume 39, 07 07 Seed yield and quality of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) as influenced by row spacing and fertiliser level D. KUMAR, G.K. DWIVEDI AND S. N. SINGH Division
More informationEffect of Lablab purpureus and Vicia atropurpuria as an intercrop, or in a crop rotation, on grain and forage yields of maize in Ethiopia
Tropical Grasslands (6) Volume 4, 8 Effect of Lablab purpureus and Vicia atropurpuria as an intercrop, or in a crop rotation, on grain and forage yields of maize in Ethiopia ABUBEKER HASSEN, LEMMA GIZACHEW
More informationAdaptation Trial of Oat (Avena sativa) Varieties in Dehana District, Northern Ethiopia
DOI: 10.5958/2277-940X.2016.00003. Journal of Animal Research: v.6 n.1, p. 15-20. February 2016 Adaptation Trial of Oat (Avena sativa) Varieties in Dehana District, Northern Ethiopia Tewodros Alemu 1*
More informationEffect of time of introducing maize on yield of white guinea yam (Dioscoreae rotundata P.) minisetts in Makurdi, Nigeria
AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA ISSN Print: 2151-7517, ISSN Online: 2151-7525 2010, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/abjna Effect of time of introducing maize on yield of white guinea
More informationEffect of spacing and phosphate fertiliser on forage and seed yield of Dolicho8 lab lab var. lignosus
Annale oj A,.id Zone-14 (3),235-240 1975 Effect of spacing and phosphate fertiliser on forage and seed yield of Dolicho8 lab lab var. lignosus C. M. VERMA Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur
More informationGrowth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba.l) under rain fed and irrigated conditions in Jordan.
Research Article ISISnet Publishers Bioscience Research, 6(1): 35-39, 2009 www.isisn.org Growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba.l) under rain fed and irrigated conditions in Jordan. Talal Thalji* Seed
More informationForage utilisation in smallholder systems African and S.E. Asian perspectives
Forage utilisation in smallholder systems African and S.E. Asian perspectives Ralph Roothaert 3 October 2005 Workshop on strategies for ensuring clean germplasm for distribution and use In this presentation:
More informationEAAPP Dairy Research. Component
The Eastern Africa Agricultural Productivity Project (EAAPP) EAAPP Dairy Research National Livestock Resources Research Institute Component Dairy Research Component World Bank Review Mission: Progress
More informationFarmer-led Research in Pig Production in Lao PDR
Farmer-led Research in Pig Production in Lao PDR Phonepaseuth Phengsavanh 1 Werner Stur 2 1 Livestock Research Center (LRC) National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI) Ministry of Agriculture
More informationYield responses to breaking the sugarcane monoculture. M.J. Bell 1, A.L. Garside 2, N.V. Halpin 3 and J.E. Berthelsen 2 ABSTRACT
Yield responses to breaking the sugarcane monoculture M.J. Bell 1, A.L. Garside 2, N.V. Halpin 3 and J.E. Berthelsen 2 1 QDPI, Kingaroy Qld. 2 BSES, Townsville Qld. 3 QDPI, Bundaberg Qld. ABSTRACT Yield
More informationResponse of sesame to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Northern Sudan
Response of sesame to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Northern Sudan Abdel Rahman A. El Mahdi Faculty of Agriculture, Nile Valley University, Darmali, Sudan. Corresponding author email: amahdi54@hotmail.com
More informationAgronomic Properties, Dry Matter Production and Nutritive Quality of Guinea Grass (Megathrysus maximus) Harvested at Different Cutting Intervals
Agronomic Properties, Dry Matter Production and Nutritive Quality of Guinea Grass (Megathrysus maximus) Harvested at Different Cutting Intervals Jusoh*, S., A.R. Alimon and M.S. Kamiri Department of Animal
More informationList of contributors
List of contributors p. x Foreword p. xii Preface to the third edition p. xiii Introduction p. 1 Objectives p. 1 The development and distribution of grasslands p. 1 Classification of grasslands - ecological
More informationEffect of chicory sowing rate on first year production in pasture mixtures
Effect of chicory sowing rate on first year production in pasture mixtures J. Arias-Carbajal, R.J. Lucas, J.S. Rowarth, J.G.H. White and J.R. Sedcole 1 Soil, Plant and Ecological Sciences Division, PO
More informationTHE INFLUENCES OF PLANT DENSITY ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF COMMON BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)
THE INFLUENCES OF PLANT DENSITY ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF COMMON BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) NJOKA E.M., MURAYA M.M., OKUMU M. Abstract A plant density experiment for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 1, 2017,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 1, 2017, 849 853 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WEED CONTROL PRACTICES ON GRAIN AMARANTH (Amaranthus hypochondriacus
More informationImportance of forages
LECTURE 30 FORAGE CROPS, FORAGE GRASSES AND LEGUMES - IMPORTANCE, SOIL AND CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, TIME OF HARVEST, BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT CONTENT Importance of forages Agriculture
More informationA Comparative Study between Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) with Local Grass Forages
Universal Journal of Agricultural Research 2(2): 50-55, 2014 DOI: 10.13189/ujar.2014.020203 http://www.hrpub.org A Comparative Study between Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) with Local Grass Forages
More informationEffect of late autumn sowing dates on ryegrass seed yields
Effect of late autumn sowing dates on ryegrass seed yields M.P. Rolston and W.J. Archie AgResearch Ltd, PO Box 60, Lincoln Abstract Two trials evaluated the effect of autumn sowing dates on grass seed
More informationUsing Cattle for Draft Power and Transport
Using Cattle for Draft Power and Transport International Livestock Research Institute Using Cattle for Draft Power and Transport ILRI Slide Series 2 H. Ibrahim "This On< DHCK-WA4-8HQ7 [((wtji International
More informationEffect of four brassica cultivars on the subsequent establishment of tall fescue pasture
Effect of four brassica cultivars on the subsequent establishment of tall fescue pasture M. W. A. Slay, C. J. Korte and D. R. Smith Poukawa Research Station, AgResearch, PO Box 8144, Havelock North. Abstract
More informationEvaluation of sorghum/faba bean intercropping for intensifying existing production systems
Evaluation of sorghum/faba bean intercropping for intensifying existing production systems Reducing Land Degradation and Farmers Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Highland Dry Areas of North-Western
More informationEFFECT OF SOWING DATE AND NITROGEN LEVEL ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF TWO EXTRA EARLY MAIZE VARIETIES (Zea mays L.) IN SUDAN SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
EFFECT OF SOWING DATE AND NITROGEN LEVEL ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF TWO EXTRA EARLY MAIZE VARIETIES (Zea mays L.) IN SUDAN SAVANNA OF NIGERIA Namakka A. 1, I. U. Abubakar 2, Sadik I. A. 1, Sharifai
More informationVarietal response of four cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) to different densities of guinea grass (Panicum maximum)
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (20), pp. 5275-5279, 19 October, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb ISSN 1684 5315 2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper response
More informationVOL. 2, NO. 11, Dec 2012 ISSN ARPN Journal of Science and Technology All rights reserved.
Assessing the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) of Two Leguminous Pastures (CLITORIA and SIRATRO) Intercropping at Various Cultural Practices and Fencing at ZALINGEI Western Darfur State - Sudan Suliman Adam
More informationFertility rundown in buffel pastures using legumes
final report Project code: Prepared by: B.PRS.9011 Eddy Row Maranao Regional Landcare Association Date published: March 2012 ISBN: 9781741919523 PUBLISHED BY Meat & Livestock Australia Limited Locked Bag
More informationNitrogen management in barley
Nitrogen management in barley Simon Craig, (BCG), Ben Jones (Mallee Focus) and Kate Burke (JSA Independent) Take home messages All varieties responded similarly to applied N. Hindmarsh and Commander yielded
More informationA perennial cropping system from pigeonpea grown in post-rainy season
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 57 (12) : 895-9, December 1987 A perennial cropping system from pigeonpea grown in post-rainy season Y. S. CHAUHAN1, N. VENKATARATNAM2 and A. R. SHELDRAKE3 International
More informationSoybean breeding in Africa
Soybean breeding in Africa H. Agrama Soybean Breeder International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Soybean in Africa Improve human nutrition Major animal feed source Improve soil fertility Increase
More informationCHAPTER 8 EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND SPACING ON STEM YIELD AND JUICE QUALITY OF TWO SWEET SORGHUM LANDRACES
CHAPTER 8 EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND SPACING ON STEM YIELD AND JUICE QUALITY OF TWO SWEET SORGHUM LANDRACES 8.1 ABSTRACT Main effects of nitrogen, landrace and spacing were studied at the Experimental Farm
More informationTropical forages to enhance sustainable intensification of mixed systems in Central America and the Caribbean
Tropical forages to enhance sustainable intensification of mixed systems in Central America and the Caribbean R. van der Hoek, M. Peters, M. Mena, R. Schultze-Kraft, A. Schmidt and I. Rao Tropical Forages
More informationAssessments of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) at Soddo and Kedidagamila districts of southern Ethiopia
Assessments of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) at Soddo and Kedidagamila districts of southern Ethiopia Tewodros Mulualem Jimma Agricultural Research Center P.O. Box 192 Jimma,
More informationTropentag 2007 University of Kassel-Witzenhausen and University of Göttingen, October 9-11, 2007
Tropentag 2007 University of Kassel-Witzenhausen and University of Göttingen, October 9-11, 2007 Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development The Effect of Integrating Forage Legumes
More informationYIELD PERFORMANCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN SUGARCANE VARIETIES IN PLANT CANE TRIALS AT NCHALO SUGAR ESTATE, MALAWI
YIELD PERFORMANCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN SUGARCANE VARIETIES IN PLANT CANE TRIALS AT NCHALO SUGAR ESTATE, MALAWI M M ISYAGI and M W WHITBREAD Illovo Sugar, Nchalo Estate, P/Bag 50, Blantyre, Malawi E-mail: misyagi@illovo.co.za
More informationPasture management in semi-arid tropical woodlands: effects on tree regrowth
Tropical Grasslands (2006) Volume 40, 14 23 14 Pasture management in semi-arid tropical woodlands: effects on tree regrowth JOHN G. McIVOR CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
More informationFINAL TECHNICAL REPORT
FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT Southern NSW Trials Impact of N Placement & Timing on Crop Yield and Ryegrass Population REF: 9175237 INDEPENDENT AGRONOMY ADVICE + CUTTING EDGE RESEARCH Impact of in-crop N on ryegrass
More information12/4/2015 Adaptability of vetch (Vicia spp.) for potential feed production in Gumara Maksegnit watershed, North Gondar, Ethiopia
Livestock Research for Rural Development 26 (7) 2014 Guide for preparation of papers LRRD Newsletter Citation of this paper Abstract Adaptability of vetch (Vicia spp.) for potential feed production in
More informationRivers State University of Education, PMB 5047, Ndele, Nigeria Corresponding author s
YIELDS COMPONENTS AND 48-H RUMEN DRY MATTER DEGRADATION OF THREE SWEET POTATO VARIETIES IN N DAMA STEERS AS INFLUENCED BY DATE OF HARVESTING ETELA, I. 1 and KALIO, G.A. 2 1 Department of Animal Science
More informationAhmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria *Corresponding author: Tel: ABSTRACT
ISSN - 2277-2755 UNAAB 2010 Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment YIELD AND YIELD CHARACTERS OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench )VARIETIES AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION INTERVAL AND PLANT DENSITY
More informationForage legume establishment in rice slash-and-burn systems
Tropical Grasslands (1995) Volume 29, 81-87 81 Forage legume establishment in rice slash-and-burn systems W. RODER AND S. MANIPHONE LAO-IRRI Project, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR Abstract Increasing population
More informationHost resistance and reduced fungicide application for management of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in South west Ethiopia
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2016, 6(2):13-17 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY Host resistance and reduced fungicide application for
More informationPasture legume adaptation to six environments of the seasonally dry tropics of north Queensland
Tropical Grasslands (2005) Volume 39, 182 196 182 Pasture legume adaptation to six environments of the seasonally dry tropics of north Queensland T.J. HALL 1 AND R.W. WALKER 2 1 Department of Primary Industries
More informationCharacterization of a collection of Aeschynomene histrix in subhumid Nigeria
Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge (2000), 134, 293 304. 2000 Cambridge University Press Printed in the United Kingdom 293 Characterization of a collection of Aeschynomene histrix in subhumid Nigeria
More informationManipulating crop row orientation and crop density to suppress annual ryegrass
Manipulating crop row orientation and crop density to suppress annual ryegrass Catherine Borger, Department of Agriculture of Food Western Australia Merredin, Abul Hashem, Department of Agriculture of
More informationGeremew Awas*, Teshome Abdisa, Kasaye Tolesa and Amenti Chali. Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box, 35 Ziway, Ethiopia.
Journal of Horticulture and Forestry Vol. 2(1) pp. 007-011, January, 2010 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/jhf ISSN 2006-9782 2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Effect of
More informationUsing growth and dry matter estimates to devise year-round forage systems for the North-West Slopes of New South Wales
Using growth and dry matter estimates to devise year-round forage systems for the North-West Slopes of New South Wales Sean R. Murphy 1, Greg M. Lodge 1, Lester H. McCormick 1 and Ian R. Johnson 2 1 Industry
More informationRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY CLOSURE AND PASTURE PRODUCTION IN DECIDUOUS TREE BASED TEMPERATE SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS. Abstract
ID#18-03 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANOPY CLOSURE AND PASTURE PRODUCTION IN DECIDUOUS TREE BASED TEMPERATE SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS N. R. Devkota, A. J. Wall, P. D. Kemp, and J. Hodgson Institute of Natural Resources,
More informationPerformance of para grass (Brachiaria mutica) and Ubon paspalum (Paspalum atratum) on seasonally wet soils in Thailand
Tropical Grasslands (1999) Volume 33, 75 81 75 Performance of para grass (Brachiaria mutica) and Ubon paspalum (Paspalum atratum) on seasonally wet soils in Thailand M.D. HARE, P. BOONCHARERN, P. TATSAPONG,
More informationDeveloping a strategy for improved crop and animal production in the semi-arid tropics of West Timor
Developing a strategy for improved crop and animal production in the semi-arid tropics of West Timor Neal Dalgliesh 1, Esnawan Budisantoso 2,Toni Darbas 3, Yohanis Ngongo 4 and Jeremy Whish 1 1 CSIRO Sustainable
More informationScald management in barley
Scald management in barley Simon Craig (BCG) and Mark McLean (Victorian DPI) Take home messages Monitor all varieties regularly for scald, regardless of disease ratings. A new virulent strain infected
More informationPlant: winter growing annual, with multiple laterals branching from near the base. Initial growth is slow.
Purple vetch Scientific name(s) Vicia benghalensis Strengths Purple vetch is an annual pasture/forage/green manure plant. Palatable as green and dry matter. Vetches have the ability to offer substantial
More informationL.M. Lauriault, T.D. Phillips, J.C. Henning, and E.L. Baker. Introduction
The 1995 Timothy Report L.M. Lauriault, T.D. Phillips, J.C. Henning, and E.L. Baker Introduction Timothy (Phleum pratense) is the fourth most widely sown cool-season perennial grass used in Kentucky for
More information2015 HSC Agriculture Marking Guidelines
015 HSC Agriculture Marking Guidelines Section I, Part A Multiple-choice Answer Key Question Answer 1 D B 3 A 4 D 5 B 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 D 11 C 1 B 13 B 14 C 15 A 16 D 17 A 18 D 19 C 0 B 1 Section I, Part
More informationميحرلا نمحرلا ﷲ مسب M.sc research
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم M.sc research Plantation of moringa (Moringa olifera) Kitir (Acacia mellifera) trees and palatable range spp as means of fodder source for livestock and restoration of degraded rangelands
More informationEffect of Drought on the Yields of Different Cowpea Cultivars and Their Response to Time of Planting in Kano State, Nigeria
Communication International Journal of Environment and Bioenergy, 2013, 6(3): 171-176 International Journal of Environment and Bioenergy Journal homepage: www.modernscientificpress.com/journals/ijee.aspx
More informationKEYWORD Stubble retention, canola, hypocotyl, direct drilling, seedling
WHEAT STUBBLE AND CANOLA GROWTH- IDENTIFYING AND OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS S. Bruce 1,2, M.H. Ryan 1, J.Kirkegaard 1 and J.Pratley 2. 1. CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 16, Canberra, ACT. 2. Charles Sturt University,
More informationYield and agronomic characteristics of 30 pigeon pea genotypes at otobi in Southern Guinea Savanna of nigeria
Yield and agronomic characteristics of 30 pigeon pea genotypes at otobi in Southern Guinea Savanna of nigeria Egbe OM, Vange T * Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, University of Agriculture,
More informationDry Matter Yield Potentials of Some Gamba Grass (Andropogon gayanus Kunth.) Accessions in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Benue State, Nigeria
International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences 2017; 3(4): 99-103 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijaas doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170304.13 ISSN: 2469-7877 (Print); ISSN: 2469-7885 (Online)
More informationConservation tillage in cotton and maize fields in Malawi
This is a paper is published in: Kaumbutho P G, Pearson R A and Simalenga T E (eds), 2. Empowering Farmers with Animal Traction. Proceedings of the workshop of the Animal Traction Network for Eastern and
More informationThematic Brief 2 Water Productivity
Thematic Brief 2 Water Productivity Brief prepared for the Entry phase of the project: Strengthening Agricultural Water Efficiency and Productivity on the African and Global Level The Project The GCP/INT/166/SWI
More informationINFLUENCE OF LATE PLANTING DATES AND PLANTING METHODS ON SEED PRODUCTION OF CLOVERS
INFLUENCE OF LATE PLANTING DATES AND PLANTING METHODS ON SEED PRODUCTION OF CLOVERS Hasina Gul 1, Beena Saeed 2, Ahmad Said 1, Fida Mohammad 3 and Ijaz Ahmad 3 1 Office of the Assistant Agronomist (Farm),
More informationOutline. Introduction 4/16/2018. Evaluation of management practices to improve pintoi peanut productivity and nutritive value in South Florida
Evaluation of management practices to improve pintoi peanut productivity and nutritive value in South Florida Ph.D. Candidate: Joao Sanchez Chair: Dr. Joao Vendramini Co-chair: Dr. Lynn Sollenberger Outline
More informationDRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ALFALFA (Medicago. sativa L.) AND ORCHARDGRASS (Dactylis glomerata L.) UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT REGIMES.
ID # 18-10 DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) AND ORCHARDGRASS (Dactylis glomerata L.) UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT REGIMES. A.C. Varella 1,2, P.L. Peri, R.J. Lucas, D.J.
More informationSward evaluation of eleven Stylosanthes seabrana accessions and S. scabra cv. Seca at five subtropical sites
Tropical Grasslands (998) Volume 32, 243 25 243 Sward evaluation of eleven Stylosanthes seabrana accessions and S. scabra cv. Seca at five subtropical sites L.A. EDYE, T.J. HALL 2, R.L. CLEM 3, T.W.G.
More informationGrace S. Cun*, Grant R. Edwards, Racheal H. Bryant
The effect of defoliation severity during late autumn on herbage production, regrowth and nitrogen uptake of diverse pastures in Canterbury, New Zealand Grace S. Cun*, Grant R. Edwards, Racheal H. Bryant
More informationDealing with sown pasture run-down
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Fact sheet 2 Dealing with sown pasture run-down When a paddock is first developed and a new pasture is sown, the amount of plant-available nitrogen (N) in the soil
More informationDealing with sown pasture run-down
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Fact sheet 2 Dealing with sown pasture run-down When a paddock is first developed and a new pasture is sown, the amount of plant-available nitrogen (N) in the soil
More informationNutrient management. Cassava
Nutrient management Cassava Fertilizer use By applying mineral fertilizers to their cassava, smallholder farmers can increase their yields from about 10 tonnes to as much as 16 tonnes of fresh roots per
More informationFaba bean agronomy and canopy management
Faba bean agronomy and canopy management Christine Walela 1, Jeff Paul 2, Amanda Pearce 3 Andrew Ware 4, Jason Brand 5, Larn McMurray 1 1 SARDI Clare, 2 University of Adelaide, 3 SARDI Struan, 4 SARDI
More informationTropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems THE EFFECT OF MUCUNA (Mucuna pruriens) FORAGE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING COWS R.W. Muinga 1 *, H.M. Saha 1, J.G. Mureithi 2 1 Kenya Agricultural Research Institute,
More informationEffect of sowing time and moisture conservation methods on maize at Goffa, south region of Ethiopia
Sky Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4(1), pp. 14-2, February, 215 Available online http://www.skyjournals.org/sjar ISSN 2315-8751 215 Sky Journals Full Length Research Paper Effect of sowing time
More informationCalibre BMR Forage Sorghum
Calibre BMR Forage Sorghum Sorghum bicolor x sudanese Early to mid maturing, Brown Mid Rib sorghum x Sudan grass hybrid 12 gene BMR now delivering new high quality in the forage market Low Lignin = highly
More informationGenetic variability and heritability of some selected of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) lines
Genetic variability and heritability of some selected of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) lines A.H. Inuwa, H.A. Ajeigbe *, S.G. Muhammed and Y. Mustapha Department of Plant Science, Bayero University,
More informationSelection of Robinia pseudoacacia var. monophylla for increased feeding value in the Mediterranean environment
Selection of Robinia pseudoacacia var. monophylla for increased feeding value in the Mediterranean environment O. DINI PAPANASTASI AND T.G. PAPACHRISTOU National Agricultural Research Foundation, Forest
More informationPIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN) AS A WINTER CROP IN PENINSULAR INDIA
Expl Agric. (979), 5, pp. 9-95 Printed in Great Britain PIGEONPEA (CAJANUS CAJAN) AS A WINTER CROP IN PENINSULAR INDIA BY A. NARAYANANf AND A. R. SHELDRAKE International Crops Research Institute for the
More information{ } Introduction to. Livestock
{ } Introduction to Livestock 1 February 2015 { } Glossary of Grazing Terms February 2015 2 A Accessibility (n) The ease with which an area of vegetation can be accessed for grazing. Acre (n) A unit of
More informationOrigin Winter Active Tall Fescue
Origin Winter Active Tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea Derived from North African germplasm, Origin exhibits excellent persistence and production in summer-dry regions of Australia, and can be used as an
More information(Ipomoea aquatica), and on soil fertility, of
Livestock Research for Rural Development 17 (10) 2005 Guidelines to authors LRRD News Citation of this paper Effect on yield and composition of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), and on soil fertility,
More informationYIELD EVALUATION OF EIGHTEEN PIGEON PEA (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) GENOTYPES IN SOUTH EASTERN TANZANIA ABSTRACT
YIELD EVALUATION OF EIGHTEEN PIGEON PEA (Cajanus cajan (L. Millsp. GENOTYPES IN SOUTH EASTERN Aloyce Callist Kundy Omary Mponda Charles Mkandawile Geoffrey Mkamilo ABSTRACT The yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus
More informationFinal Report effect of funnel ants on eleven commercial clones of sugarcane at Tully
Sugar Research Australia Ltd. elibrary Completed projects final reports http://elibrary.sugarresearch.com.au/ Pest, Disease and Weed Management 1996 Final Report effect of funnel ants on eleven commercial
More informationProximate compositions of some forage grasses and legumes as influenced by season of harvest
Vol. 8(29), pp. 4033-4037, 1 August, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/AJAR11.2484 ISSN 1991-637X 2013 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/ajar African Journal of Agricultural Research Full Length Research
More informationTasmanian Pasture Guide. Our business is growing yours
Tasmanian Pasture Guide Our business is growing yours Contents Research and Development 4 GRASSES Annual Ryegrass Atomic 5 Fantastic 6 Short Term Ryegrass Awesome 7 Denver 8 Perennial Ryegrass Munch 9
More informationRefining Silverleaf Nightshade Best Management Strategies
Tips and Tactics Refining Silverleaf Nightshade Best Management Strategies Keeping sorghum safe Northern Region Improving long-term silverleaf nightshade control Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium
More informationOn-Farm Evaluation of Improved Pearl Millet Varieties in Namibia
On-Farm Evaluation of Improved Pearl Millet Varieties in C M Matanyaire 1 and S C Gupta 2 Abstract Pearl millet varieties for on-farm testing in were selected from onstation testing during the 1990/91
More informationThe use and potential of supplementing village pigs with Stylosanthes guianensis in Lao PDR
The use and potential of supplementing village pigs with Stylosanthes guianensis in Lao PDR Phonepaseuth Phengsavanh and Werner Stür Forage and Livestock Systems, CIAT, PO Box 783, Vientiane, Lao PDR p.phengsavanh@cgiar.org
More informationEFFECTS OF VARYING AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ON SOME SHOOT CHARACTERISTICS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.)
EFFECTS OF VARYING AGRONOMIC PRACTICES ON SOME SHOOT CHARACTERISTICS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) OLOWE V. I. O. Abstract Field experiments were conducted during the late cropping seasons of 1990-1992
More informationYield Performance of Some Cowpea Varieties under Sole and Intercropping with Maize at Bauchi, Nigeria
An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 2 (3), August, 2008 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070--0083 (Online) Yield Performance of Some Cowpea Varieties under Sole and Intercropping with
More information