INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT. Quinn Schroeder

Transcription

1 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Quinn Schroeder

2 OVERVIEW PESTICIDES IN THE NEWS PROS & CONS OF PEST MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES RODENT ID & CONTROL UNDERSTANDING S.P.P. INSECTS INSECT CONTROL MONITORING AND ELIMINATING RESIDUAL PROTECTION FUMIGATION - PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE AUSTRAILIA S REGULATIONS U.S. STATUS

3 PESTICIDES (FUMIGANTS) IN THE NEWS 2015 VIRGIN ISLANDS METHYL BROMIDE FLORIDA SULFURYL FLUORIDE 2016 TEXAS - PHOSHINE "Yasmeen was a quiet simple girl, looking forward to graduation." [The boy] wanted to be a priest and was an alter server... He was a gentle soul, slow to anger and quick to provide comfort. "Johnny was a comic. So smart and so aware of his strengths and weaknesses. He was the first to laugh at himself and never met a stranger who wasn't just a friend in the making. Felipe "was everyone's friend." The brothers were barely able to move months later, trapped in bodies badly damaged by the nerve agent. "Neurologically, it's like being in a torture chamber." The teens' father was slowly improving, but still suffering from severe tremors, struggling to speak and unable to turn the pages of a book Everyone was vomiting A 10-year-old boy is suffering from brain damage after a botched fumigation [The boy] has traumatic brain injury and loss of motor skills. He's got his personality; he will still smile and still laugh, but he can't get the words out that he wants to say and can't move the way he wants to move, and frustration sets in.

4 By 2050 there will be an estimated >9 billion people on the earth which requires 70% more food than current levels. PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE FOOD SUPPLY

5 FOOD SAFETY PEST MANAGEMENT ANNUAL FOOD POISONING 48 MILLION GET SICK (1 IN 6 PEOPLE) 128,000 HOSPITALIZED 3,000 DEATHS

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7 EFFECTIVENESS TIME HOLD/RESIDUAL COST PROS & CONS MONITORING SCHEDULED INSPECTION, PHEROMONES PREVENTING SPRAYING, BAITING, CONDITIONING REACTING FUMIGATING, FOGGING

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9 Prevention Evaluate and Review Conducive Conditions Corrective Actions

10 Monitoring Establish Data Trend Analysis Utilize Indicators

11 Communication Involve Inform Implement

12 Evaluate Prepare Perform Control

13 Rodents House Mouse Only needs ¼ inch gap to access bldgs. Consume 1/10 ounce food per day Most damaging pest to grain Don t need water Capable of 36,000 droppings per year

14 Rodents Norway Rat Large, robust Belly Color - Mostly grayish Tail - Shorter than body; dark above; pale below; scales Nose - Muzzle blunt Longer adaptation to environment

15 RODENT CONTROL UNDERSTANDING THE PEST GENERALLY, SEXUAL MATURITY IS REACHED IN 5-8 WEEKS

16 CONTROLLING RODENTS: BAITING OR TRAPPING

17 CONTROLLING RODENTS: RESTRICTED USE PESTIDES

18 CONTROLLING RODENTS: RESTRICTED USE PESTIDES - FUMIGANTS

19 HOW MANY RATS CAN YOU FIT IN 2 FT3?

20 SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM

21 SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM

22 SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM

23 SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM

24 SIGNS OF A POOR IPM PROGRAM

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26 PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY (FUNGUS)

27 PRIMARY WEEVIL LESSER GRAIN BORER PENETRATING MOUTH PARTS

28 SECONDARY FLOWER BEETLES INDIANMEAL MOTHS (LARVAE) FEED ON BROKEN KERNALS IMM LIFE STAGE SPECIES IDENTIFICATION

29 TERTIARY (FUNGUS) GRAIN BEETLES PSOCIDS TOP OF GRAIN MASS EXTERIOR OF SILOS

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32 Cumulative Insect Counts 700 Total Number of Insects Year Historical IMM Flour Beetle Cigarette Beetle /2/2002 9/2/ /2/ /2/ /2/2002 1/2/2003 2/2/2003 3/2/2003 4/2/2003 5/2/2003 6/2/2003 7/2/2003 8/2/2003 9/2/ /2/ /2/ /2/2003 1/2/2004 2/2/2004 3/2/2004 4/2/2004 5/2/2004 6/2/2004 7/2/2004 8/2/2004 9/2/ /2/ /2/ /2/2004 1/2/2005 Date of Service Week

33 CUSTOMER INQUIREY

34 DETAILED DOCUMENTATION COMPANY INSURANCE DETAILED PESTMANGEMENT PROTOCOLS INDIVIDUAL AND STATE LICENSING FOOD SAFETY OBSERVATIONS SERVICE REVIEWS & PUL s ANNUAL TRENDING HISTORY GMP S & SOP S SDS & PESTICIDE LABELS

35 PESTICIDE RESISTANCE Currently, resistance to every synthetic insecticide used Random mutations in populations Overuse of chemicals Under-applying chemical rates Billion Dollar Bug Corn Rootworm Bt Resistance toxins to insect gut Toxin receptor alteration Single-crop farms EPA requires farmers to manage resistance Crop Rotation Insecticide class rotation

36 PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE PH3 USED SINCE 1930 s Genetic inheritance Survival of few individuals drive selection of traits Traits to resist PH3 are heritable PH3 affects oxidation in cell organelles Like Bt resistance, PH3 resistance is spreading No EPA regulations yet PH3 applied according to label Increased monitoring Increased sealing Insecticide rotation and residuals

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38 VIRTUAL CASE STUDY

39 FUMIGATE

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41 FUMIGATE

42 80 YEARS!

43 PROBLEMS DIFFICULT/IMPOSSIBLE FUMIGATION MIGRATION TO OTHER BINS HEAVY GRAIN DAMAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES INTRODUCTION OF SECONDARY AND FUNGUS FEEDERS CUSTOMER UNSATISFACTION AND MUCH MORE

44 Types of bins/storage Weather conditions Structural Restrictions Safety Restrictions

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46 Rice Weevil

47 Bt Resistance (CRW) US Phosphine Resistance - Australia

48 Phosphine Resistance - Australia Time to population extinction of key phosphine resistant pests at two phosphine concentrations at 68 o F. (SR-FGB: strong resistant flat grain beetle, SR-PSO: strong resistant psocid, source: Nayak and Collins (2008) and SR-LGB: strong resistant lesser grain borer, source: Collins et al., (2005).

49 Australia VS US Fumigation Requirements US Temperature 41-53F for 8 days 54-59F for 4 days 60-68F for 3 days >68F for 2 days Aeration to 0.3ppm. Australia Temperature 77F for 7 days 59 76F for 10 days <59F Do not fumigate Different aeration requirements Withholding period 2 days Pressure Testing Grain moisture > 9%

50 Phosphine Resistance - Australia Nationwide resistance monitoring program Longer time and higher temperature requirements Pressure testing is a federal requirement

51 Case Study - Oklahoma Samples With > 80% PH3 Resistance Frequency Red Flour Beetle (RFB) No Resistance / USDA Sample 5 Phosphine (ppm) to Kill 99.9% Insects 3 ppm 337 ppm Lesser Grain Borer (LGB) No Resistance / USDA Sample 1 Sample 5 Sample 4 2 ppm 572 ppm 2054 ppm 3430 ppm

52 PH 3 Resistance Management Ways to fight it #1 Follow the label and monitor Alternative Chemicals Preventative Treatments Empty Bin Spraying Empty Bin Fogging Grain Protectants Exterior Spraying

53 CONTACT INSECTICIDES CRACK & CREVICE SPRAYING HELPS CONTROL INSECTS HIDDEN DURING APPLICATION GRAIN PROTECTANTS APPLY ON MOVING GRAIN LONGTERM RESIDUAL FOGGINGS EFFECTIVE ON FLYING INSECTS CONTROLS LARGE VOLUME STRUCTURES (ENTIRE SILOS OR WAREHOUSES)

54 Phosphine Resistance Management Alternative Chemicals Sulfuryl fluoride Most promising alternative fumigant Can be used as phosphine resistance breaker Dead bugs do not breed resistance Drawbacks Poor efficacy against egg stage More temperature dependent More expensive

55 Let s Remember PROTECT

56 THANK YOU Quinn Schroeder Toledo Area Manager (317)