2012_WS01_Lewis.pdf. Tobacco Variety. and Seed Integrity as a Component of GAP. Congress Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA

Transcription

1 Tobacco Variety and Seed Integrity as a Component of GAP

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3 Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Components of GAP have been outlined to maximize production of a quality crop while protecting, sustaining, or enhancing the environment. Crop Management Variety and Seed Integrity Integrated Pest Management Nutrient Management Crop and Operation Management Curing and Barn Management Non-Tobacco Related Materials (NTRM) On-Farm Tobacco Storage Environmental Management Soil and Water Management Agrochemical Management Labor Management Laws and Regulations Farm Safety and Worker Training

4 Variety and Seed Integrity The genetics of the tobacco plant forms the foundation for a successful crop from an agronomic, quality, and economic perspective. The goal includes identity preservation for solidifying economic and quality expectations for a given market type in a given region.

5 Variety & Seed Integrity as a Component of GAP Seed should be of an appropriate type for the growing region and for the style of cured leaf desired. Varieties should pass through a testing program similar to the U.S. Minimum Standards Program for yield and quality. Seed should be approved by appropriate governing bodies. Adequate public data should be available to aid in variety choice by the grower. Records should be kept for traceability purposes.

6 Variety Approval Process: Minimum Standards Program U.S. Flue-Cured Tobacco (since 1964) Leaf Chemistry Regional Small Plot Test % Total Alkaloids: - 20 % / + 15 % % Reducing Sugars: ± 15 % Regional Farm Test % Total N: ± 10 % % Nicotine: 20 % / +15 % % Reducing Sugars: ± 15 % % Secondary Alkaloids: 13 % of total alkaloids with reference to K326, NC2326, & NC95 with reference to K326, NC2326, & NC95

7 Variety Approval Process: Minimum Standards Program U.S. Flue-Cured Tobacco (since 1964) Physical Characteristics Favorable comparison w/ checks for: body, texture, color, usability, & filling value Smoke Panel Evaluations Judged acceptable by at least 4 out of 5 smoke panels

8 Variety Approval Process: Minimum Standards Program U.S. Burley Tobacco Leaf Chemistry Regional Preliminary Test % Nicotine - 20 % / + 15 % % Secondary Alkaloids 20 % of total alkaloids Regional Quality Test % Total N: ± 10 % % Nicotine: 20 % / +15 % % Secondary Alkaloids: 12 % of total alkaloids % Nicotine Conversion 6 % 8% with reference to KY14 and VA509 with reference to KY14 and VA509

9 Variety Approval Process: Minimum Standards Program U.S. Burley Tobacco Physical Characteristics Favorable comparison w/ checks for physical quality Smoke Panel Evaluations Judged acceptable by at least 4 out of 5 smoke panels

10 Varietal Approval by a Governing Body

11 Varietal Approval by a Governing Body Kentucky Revised Statutes All tobacco seed sold or distributed in Kentucky (even if it is distributed free of charge) must be certified. To be eligible for certification, a variety must be approved by the KAES (Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station) Variety Review Committee (2), Foundation seed must be available (3) and the seed producer must be a member of KSIA (Kentucky Seed Improvement Association) (4). There is provision in the KAES Variety Review Committee rules for the approval of specialty or nontraditional tobacco varieties - There is no requirement for such tobacco varieties to pass the Minimum Standards Program - The Committee will consider the eligibility of such varieties on a case by case basis - Transgenic varieties are not eligible for certification in this category

12 Requirement for Tobacco Seed Certification Purpose is to ensure: Genetic identity Genetic and mechanical purity Minimal seed or plant-borne diseases

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14 Policies for Various Tobacco-Producing Countries

15 Generation and Use of Varietal Performance Data Yield & Quality Disease

16 Generation and Use of Varietal Performance Data

17 Generation and Use of Varietal Performance Data

18 Generation and Use of Varietal Performance Data

19 Generation and Use of Varietal Performance Data

20 Documentation Document: Varieties Source of variety information Seed lot numbers Planting dates Which varieties in which fields? Varietal performance

21 Genetically Engineered Tobacco Varieties GAP Practices: Strictly follow crop identity preservation practices (e.g., the selection of genetically modified GE crop fields) to prevent mingling of non-ge crops with GE crops.

22 Genetically Engineered Tobacco Varieties Components of GAP have been outlined to maximize production of a quality crop while protecting, sustaining, or enhancing the environment.

23 Conclusions Tobacco seed integrity is a component of outlined Good Agricultural Practices. - Use of a Minimum Standards Program - Approval by an appropriate governing body - Grower use of variety descriptive data - Record keeping Many of the principles of seed integrity have been adhered to for years and have been well-received. Principles for seed integrity may evolve over time with the development and adoption of new technologies.