POST HARVEST FUNGAL SPOILAGE IN LOCAL MARKETS OF PUNJAB
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1 POST HARVEST FUNGAL SPOILAGE IN LOCAL MARKETS OF PUNJAB
2 Introduction Mango is an important fruit crop Pakistan ranked 5 th in mango production In Pakistan 250 cultivars of mango Mango is grown over an area of thousand hectares in Pakistan. Mango production is thousand tones (Anon, 2007). Continued
3 Mango post harvest diseases minimize fruit quality and cause losses. Major post harvest diseases in the world are: Anthracnose Stem end rot Soft rot : Alternaria rot, Aspergillus rot In Pakistan most prevalent post harvest diseases are:- Anthracnose Stem end rot.
4 Aim of Study Assessment of post harvest diseases of mango in the major markets of Punjab.
5 Objectives To know the prevalence, Incidence and severity of post harvest mango diseases in domestic markets and consignments for export. Identification and characterization of the post harvest fungal pathogens.
6 Materials and Methods Objective 1: To know the prevalence, Incidence and severity of post harvest mangoes diseases in domestic markets and consignments for export. Survey and Sampling: local markets (Faisalabad, Shujaabd,Rahim yar Khan, Rawalpindi, Multan), October 2011, White Chonsa (variety) Assessment of Prevalence Prevalence % = Locations showing mango disease X 100 Total Locations Continued
7 Incidence Incidence = No. of diseased mango Total no. of mango PERCENT DISEASE INCIDENCE P.D.I = No. of diseased mango * 100 Total no. of mango Disease Severity 1 : 0 1% 2 : 2-5% 3 : 6 10% 4 : 11 49% 5 : % Lesion and diseased area Continued
8 Objective 2: Identification and characterization of the post harvest fungal pathogens. Preparation of different Media: 1. Potato Dextrose Agar ( for general type of fungi) 2. Oat Meal Agar (for Aspergillus and Lasiodiplodia) 3. Malt extract agar (Lasiodiplodia spp.) 4. Potato Carrot Agar (Alternaria, Botrytis) 5. V - 8 Agar (Colletotrichum) Continued
9 Parameters investigated Total number of fungi Frequency of each class of fungi Fungal characters Disease symptoms and associated fungi
10 Results Objective 1: To know the prevalence, Incidence and severity of post harvest mangoes diseases in domestic markets and consignments for export. District wise prevalence of post harvest diseases DISTRICTS Anthracnose Stem end rot Alternaria rot Aspergillus rot Rahim Yar Khan Multan Shuja Abad Faisalabad + + _ + Rawalpindi + + _ Continued
11 Overall prevalence of post harvest diseases across Districts (%) Diseases % Prevalence Anthracnose 100 Stem end rot 100 Aspergillus rot 100 Alternaria rot 40
12 Percent disease incidence of various post harvest diseases of mango from different markets of Punjab DISTRICTS Anthracnose Stem end rot Alternaria rot Aspergillus rot Rahim Yar Khan Multan Shuja Abad Faisalabad Rawalpindi Range Average Continued
13 Frequency %age Severity % of Different Post Harvest Diseases of Mango Faisalabad Severity Scale Severity (% area) % 11-49% % Anthracnose Stem end rot Alternaria rot Aspergillus rot
14 Multan Severity Scale Severity % 0-1% 2-5% 6-10% 11-49% % Anthracnose Stem end rot Alternaria rot Aspergillus rot
15 Rahim Yar Khan Severity Scale Severity % 0-1% 2-5% 6-10% 11-49% % Anthracnose Stem end rot Alternaria rot Aspergillus rot
16 Rawalpindi Severity Scale Severity % 0-1% 2-5% 6-10% 11-49% % Anthracnose Stem end rot Alternaria rot Aspergillus rot
17 Shuja Abaad Severity Scale Severity % 0-1% 2-5% 6-10% 11-49% % Anthracnose Stem end rot Alternaria rot Aspergillus rot
18 Identification and characterization of the post harvest fungal pathogens. Spores of Colletotrichum Gieosporides (Cause Anthracnose Disease) Plate No. 2 (F.S.D)
19 Spores of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Cause stem End rot Disease Plate NO.1
20 Spores of Alternaria alternata CAUSE Alternaria Rot Disease Plate NO.1 (F.S.D)
21 Spores of Aspergillus niger Plate No.1 (R.Y.K) Cause Aspergillus rot Disease
22 Faisalabad Media Fungus No of Colonies Potato Carrot Agar Malt Extract Agar Potato Dextrose Agar A.Alternata C.gleosporides L.theobromae A.alternata C.gleosporides C.Acutatum V-8 Agar C.gleosporides A.alternata
23 Faisalabad Frequency % % 60% 40% % 20% 0 A.alternata C.gleosporides C.acutatum L.theobromae Fungi
24 Multan Media Fungus No of Colonies Potato carrot agar L.theobromae C.gleosporides A.alternata A.flavus v-8 agar C.acutatum A.alternata A.flavus L.theobromae Malt extract agar Oat meal agar Potato dextrose agar A.alternata L.theobromae C.gleosporides A.flavus C.gleosporides A.alternata
25 Multan % % F.%age % 50% 50% % A.Alternata A.Niger a.flavus C.gleosporides L.Theobromae C.acutatum fungus
26 Rahim Yar Khan Media Fungus No of Colonies Potato carrot agar A.alternata C.Gleosporides v-8 agar C.gleosporides A.alternata L.theobromae Malt extract agar Oat meal agar Potato dextrose agar A.alternata L.theobromae C.Gleosporides A.alternata C.gleosporides A.flavus
27 Rahim Yar Khan % 80% Frequency % % 20% 40% A.alternata A.flavus C.gleosporides L.theobromae Fungi
28 Rawalpindi Media Fungus No of Colonies OAT MEAL AGAR V-8JUICE AGAR POTATO DEXTROSE AGAR Malt extract agar A.alternata C.gleosporides C.gleosporides Aspergillus flavus L.theobromae Aspergillus flavus C.gleosporides L.theobromae C.gleosporides
29 Rawalpindi % 0.7 Frequency % % 20% 40% 40% A.alternata A.flavus C.gleosporides L.theobromae Fungi
30 Shuja Abaad Media Fungus No of Colonies Potato carrot agar A niger A.alternata C.gleosporides L.Theobromae V-8 AGAR C.gleosporides Fusarium. Sp POTATO DEXTROSE AGAR OAT MEAL AGAR L.theobromar C.gleosporides C.acutatum A.alternat C.gleosporides MALT EXTRACT AGAR L.theobromae C.gleosporides 8 2 5
31 Shuja Abaad % 83% Frequency % % 17% 50% 17% A.alternata Fusarium sp C.gleosporides L.theobromae C.acutatum Fungi
32 Total fungi of surveyed Locations Faisalabad Multan Rahim Yar Khan Rawalpindi Shujaabad A.alternata L.theobromae A niger A.alternata A.alternata A.alternata C.gleosporides C.gleosporides C.gleosporides C.gleosporides C.gleosporides L.theobromae A.alternata C.gleosporides C.gleosporides L.theobromae A.alternata A.flavus A.alternata Aspergillus flavus C.gleosporides C.gleosporides C.acutatum L.theobromae L.theobromae A.alternata A.alternata Aspergillus flavus Fusarium. Sp C.Acutatum A.flavus L.theobromae C.gleosporides L.theobromar C.gleosporides L.theobromae C.gleosporides A.alternata L.theobromae C.gleosporides C.Gleosporides C.acutatum A.alternata A.alternata C.gleosporides A.alternat L.theobromae C.gleosporides A.flavus C.gleosporides A.flavus L.theobromae 10 C.gleosporides
33 Total Number of fungi 20 Total number A.Alternata C.gleosporides L.theobromae C.Acutatum A.flavus Fusarium. Sp Fungi
34 Further Research More varieties and detailed research Pathogenicity Molecular characterization Field Management
35 Project Team Dr.Shazia Iftikhar, Assistant Professor & P.I ASLP Mango Post-harvest component FJWU. Dr. Iftikhar Ahmad Programme Leader ASLP Munawar Raza Kazmi, Program Officer ASLP Faisal Sohail Fateh, Project Coordinator ASLP Hamd Meer, M.phil student
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