COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT

Transcription

1 COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT Country: Portugal Date: June 2006 ERAWATCH Network asbl: Project team: NIFU STEP, University of Sussex (SPRU), Joanneum Research, Logotech, FhG-ISI The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the individual authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Commission. ERAWATCH is a registered Trade Mark. Reproduction of content is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. European Communities, Website:

2 Index COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT - PORTUGAL...1 Main findings...1 Main R&D figures Total R&D expenditure...3 Public R&D statistics...4 GBAORD by socioeconomic objective...4 HERD by field of science...5 Business ENTERPRISE INTRAMURAL EXPENDITURE ON R&D (BERD)...6 Bibliometrics...9 Patents...11 Economic specialisation...12 Correlation analysis...15 Explanatory notes...19 ISIC v3 codes and sector description...19 How to read specialisation profile figures...20

3 Index of tables and figures Table 1. R&D expenditure by sector of performance and source of funds.portugal and Million Euros. Current prices...3 Table 2. Correlation analysis. indexes BERD, Value added, Employment, Exports and patents. Portugal. Averages and Table 3: Profile...18 Figure 1. R&D expenditure by performing sector as per cent of GDP (left axis). GDP in million Euros (right axis). Portugal Figure 2. GERD by type of research. Portugal. 1993, 1998 and Figure 3. Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D (GBAORD) by socio-ecomomic objective. profile. Portugal and Figure 4. Expenditure on R&D in the Higher Education Sector (HERD) by field of science. Portugal. 1993, 1997 and Per cent of total HERD and in million Euro...5 Figure 5. Expenditure on R&D in the Government sector (GOVERD) by field of science. profile. Portugal. 1996, 1998 and Figure 6. Business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D by industrial sector. 31 sectors. profile. Portugal. Averages and Figure 7. Shares of Business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D (BERD) in the sector funded by government last available year in OECD statistics...7 Figure 8. Shares of total government funding of Business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D (BERD) by industrial sectors last available year in OECD statistics...8 Figure 9. Number of publications by scientific field. 25 Scientific fields. profile. Portugal. Averages and Figure 10. Shares of total publications by scientific field. 25 Scientific fields. Portugal and Figure 11. Number of citations by scientific field. 25 scientific fields. profile. Portugal. Averages and Five years citation window. (i.e. citations to papers published in the period and in the period Figure 12. Number of patents by industrial sector. 18 sectors in manufacturing. profile. Portugal. Averages and Based on correspondence matrix ISI- SPRU-OST Figure 13. Shares of total patens by industrial sector. 18 sectors in manufacturing. Portugal. Averages and Based on correspondence matrix ISI-SPRU-OST...11 Figure 14. Value added by industrial sector. 34 sectors. profile. Portugal. Averages and Million Euros. Current prices....12

4 Figure 15. Shares of total value added by industrial sector. 34 sectors. Portugal and Million Euros. Current prices...12 Figure 16. Employment by industrial sector. profile. Portugal. 34 sectors. Averages and Numbers engaged hundreds Figure 17. Shares of total employment by industrial sector. 34 sectors. Portugal and Numbers engaged hundreds Figure 18. Exports by industrial sector. profile. Portugal. 34 sectors. Averages and Thousand USD. Current prices Figure 19. Shares of total exports by industrial sector. 34 sectors. Portugal and Thousand USD. Current prices...14 Figure 20. BERD versus Value added specialisation in the primary and secondary industrial sectors. Portugal. Based on average values Figure 21. BERD versus Value added in services. indexes. Portugal. Based on average values Figure 22. BERD versus patents. indexes. Portugal. Based on average values Figure 23. BERD versus exports. indexes. Portugal. Based on average values

5 COUNTRY SPECIALISATION REPORT - PORTUGAL MAIN FINDINGS Portugal s specialisation profile (Table 3) presents a dual picture. Almost all economic sectors are either increasing or decreasing in specialisation across all benchmarks, i.e. in terms of BERD, technological and economic specialisation. In the fast growing sectors, industries such as community services, other business activities, construction, and financial intermediation appear to be gaining in specialisation. The same holds in the medium low growth sectors with industries such as furniture, motor vehicles, fabricated metals, non metallic minerals. However, despite this significant changes across the various economic sectors there appears to be no στρονγ correlations between economic, technological and BERD specialisations (Table 2). The only notable exception is in the case of exports for the periods and with BERD for the same periods. Portugal s R&D intensity grew over the period and GERD amounted to 0.8% of GDP in 2003, up from 0.6% in 2003 (Figure 1). This growth can be attributed mainly to a rise in BERD as a share of GDP, from a marginal 0.1% in 1993 to 0.3% in Despite this modest growth Portugal still has the second lowest R&D intensity in EU15, ahead only of Greece. This increase in BERD is also depicted in the funding sources (Table1) for research and development, where business enterprises increased their relative contribution in GERD from 26.2% in 1993 to 41% in Public funding remains the major financing source contributing over half of research expenditure. However, funds from abroad in Portugal remained constant in absolute values, thus their relative sharing in funding of research was reduced from 12.3% in 1993 to 5.3% in This trend is the opposite compared to most EU25 countries, where funding from abroad for R&D is increasing in importance. In terms of GERD by type of research (Figure 3), no major changes occurred over the period, with the exception of a slight increase of the share of basic research from 23.8% in 1993 to 27% in In terms of GBAORD priorities (Figure 3), Portugal appears specialised in a large number of socioeconomic objectives such as agriculture, land use, other civil research, and industry, exploitation of earth, the environment and human health. At the same time Portugal is under- specialised in energy, in defence and the exploitation of space. In universities, some important redistributions of research funding by scientific field occurred over the period (Figure 4). The shares of natural sciences, engineering and medical sciences were reduced from 89.6% in 1993 to 60% in The opposite occurred with the shares of social sciences and humanities that rose from null to 23.6% and 8.3% in 2001 respectively. A similar pattern was exhibited also on public research centres (Figure 5), but the redistributions of shares among scientific fields was more moderate. In terms of BERD specialisation (Figure 6), Portugal exhibits a specialisation profile oriented in services, in which is highly specialised in a large number of sectors such as community services, other business activities, IT services, financial intermediation, transportation services and trade. In contrast, in the manufacturing sector, Portugal is specialised in only two sectors of low R&D intensity, wood and publishing and textiles. However, when we look at the sectors that receive the largest public support in (funding of R&D), within the major beneficiaries (Figure 8) fall a number of manufacturing sectors such as electronic equipment, machinery nec, fabricated metal products 1

6 and electrical machinery in which Portugal is under-specialised. In contrast, the services sectors that receive public funding for research are almost all specialised, as in the case of other business activities, IT services, community services and trade. Portugal also exhibits a strong scientific specialisation (Figures 9&11) in natural sciences, i.e in physics, mathematics, chemistry, material sciences and engineering. At the same time it is also specialised in a number of scientific fields such as pharmacology, agricultural sciences and microbiology. In terms of technological specialisation (Figure 12), Portugal exhibits strengths in a number of medium to high R&D intensive sectors such as the motor vehicles, plastics, pharmaceuticals and chemicals, while it is also specialised in fabricated metal products, basic metals and non metallic mineral products. 2

7 MAIN R&D FIGURES TOTAL R&D EXPENDITURE Figure 1. R&D expenditure by performing sector as per cent of GDP (left axis). GDP in million Euros (right axis). Portugal BERD GERD GOVERD HERD GDP (m euros) Source : OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, November 2005 Table 1. R&D expenditure by sector of performance and source of funds.portugal and Million Euros. Current prices. GOVERD BERD HERD Non profit Total Business Government Higher Education Non profit From Abroad Total Pre-EMU euro and EURO Source: OECD OFFBERD 2005 Figure 2. GERD by type of research. Portugal. 1993, 1998 and % 90% 80% 70% 60% % 40% % 20% 10% % Source: OECD OFFBERD 2005 Basic research Applied research Experimental devel. 3

8 PUBLIC R&D STATISTICS GBAORD by socioeconomic objective Figure 3. Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D (GBAORD) by socio-ecomomic objective. profile. Portugal and Energy Social issues Human health Non-oriented research Other civil research Land use Industry GUF's Earth Space Defence Environment Agriculture Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: OECD Basic Science and Technology Statistics 2005, own calculations. 4

9 HERD by field of science Figure 4. Expenditure on R&D in the Higher Education Sector (HERD) by field of science. Portugal. 1993, 1997 and Per cent of total HERD and in million Euro. 100% 90% 80% % 60% % 40% % 20% 10% % Natural sciences Engineering Medical sciences Agricultural sciences Social sciences Humanities Source: OECD Basic Science and Technology Statistics Figure 5. Expenditure on R&D in the Government sector (GOVERD) by field of science. profile. Portugal. 1996, 1998 and % 90% % 70% % 50% % % 20% 10% 0% Natural sciences Engineering Medical sciences Agricultural sciences Social sciences Humanities Source: OECD Basic Science and Technology Statistics

10 BUSINESS ENTERPRISE INTRAMURAL EXPENDITURE ON R&D (BERD) Figure 6. Business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D by industrial sector. 31 sectors. profile. Portugal. Averages and Ships Electr. Equip Machinery Non-met Community serv R&D Financ. interm Transport Trade Water & electr. Furniture & rec Wood & Publishing Textiles Vehicles Instruments Electrical mach. Office mach Basic - met Other Business act IT services Hotels Construction Fabricated met Food Mining Agriculture Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: OECD Basic Science and Technology Statistics , ANBERD 2005, own calculations 6

11 Figure 7. Shares of Business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D (BERD) in the sector funded by government last available year in OECD statistics. Fabricated metal products Agriculture Community services Basic metals Textiles Electronic Equipment Machinery nec Business act & Real Estate Water & electricity R & D Trade Electrical machinery Wood & publishing IT services Motor vehicles 6.7% 6.1% 6.0% 4.3% 3.8% 3.6% 3.5% 2.2% 2.1% 1.6% 1.2% 0.5% 9.5% 14.3% 17.6% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% Source:OECD Basic Science and Technology Statistics 2005, own calculations 7

12 Figure 8. Shares of total government funding of Business enterprise intramural expenditure on R&D (BERD) by industrial sectors last available year in OECD statistics. Business act & Real Estate 24.6% Electronic Equipment 18.5% Machinery nec Fabricated metal products 9.2% 9.2% Textiles R & D IT services Electrical machinery Community services Trade Water & electricity Motor vehicles Wood & publishing Basic metals Agriculture 6.2% 4.6% 4.6% 4.6% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 1.5% 1.5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Source: OECD Basic Science and Technology Statistics 2005, own calculations 8

13 BIBLIOMETRICS Figure 9. Number of publications by scientific field. 25 Scientific fields. profile. Portugal. Averages and Law Social Sciences Psychology Pharmacology Plant & Anim als Physics Multdisciplinary Neurosciences Mathematics Materials Sc Microbiology Mol Biology & Genetics Immunology Geosciences Environment Engineering Education Economics Computer Science Clinical Medicine Chemistry Biology & Biochemistry Space Sc Agricultural Sc Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: Thomson ISI, NSIODE 2005, own calculations. Figure 10. Shares of total publications by scientific field. 25 Scientific fields. Portugal and % 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Agricultural Sc Space Sc Biology & Chemistry Clinical Computer Economics Education Engineering Environment Geosciences Immunology Law Mol Biology & Microbiology Materials Sc Mathematics Neurosciences Multdisciplinary Physics Plant & Pharmacology Psychology Social Source: Thomson ISI, NSIODE

14 Figure 11. Number of citations by scientific field. 25 scientific fields. profile. Portugal. Averages and Five years citation window. (i.e. citations to papers published in the period and in the period Pharmacology Social Sciences Psychology Plant & Animals Neurosciences Mol Biology & Genetics Immunology Clinical Medicine Education Economics Biology & Biochemistry Materials Sc Multdisciplinary Law Geosciences Environment Engineering Computer Science Space Sc Physics Microbiology Mathematics Chemistry Agricultural Sc Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: Thomson ISI, NSIODE 2005, own calculations. 10

15 PATENTS Figure 12. Number of patents by industrial sector. 18 sectors in manufacturing. profile. Portugal. Averages and Based on correspondence matrix ISI- SPRU-OST. Furniture Transport Equip. Vehicles Instruments Electr. Equip Electrical mach. Office mach Machinery Fabricated met Basic - met Non-met Plastics Pharm Petroleum Textiles Chemicals Wood & Publishing Food Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: European Patent Office 2005, own calculations. Figure 13. Shares of total patens by industrial sector. 18 sectors in manufacturing. Portugal. Averages and Based on correspondence matrix ISI-SPRU-OST. 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Food Textiles Wood & Publishing Petroleum Chemicals Pharm Plastics Non-met Basic - met Fabricated met Machinery Office mach Electrical mach. Electr. Equip Instruments Vehicles Transport Equip. Furniture Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: European Patent Office 2005, own calculations. 11

16 ECONOMIC SPECIALISATION Figure 14. Value added by industrial sector. 34 sectors. profile. Portugal. Averages and Million Euros. Current prices. Other Business IT services Electr. Equip Office mach Pharm Mining Transport Basic - met Petroleum Trade Water & electr. Transport nec Ships Textiles R&D Real estate Financ. interm Telecom Hotels Air Vehicles Instruments Electrical mach. Machinery Fabricated met Plastics Chemicals Community ser Construction Furniture & rec Wood & Publishing Food Non-met Agriculture Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: OECD, STAN 2005, own calculations. Figure 15. Shares of total value added by industrial sector. 34 sectors. Portugal and Million Euros. Current prices. 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Agriculture Mining Food Textiles Wood & Publishing Petroleum Chemicals Pharm Plastics Non-met Basic - met Fabricated met Machinery Office mach Electrical mach. Electr. Equip Instruments Vehicles Ships Air Transport nec Furniture & rec Water & electr. Construction Trade Hotels Transport Telecom Financ. interm Real estate IT services R&D Other Business act Community Source: OECD, STAN,

17 Figure 16. Employment by industrial sector. profile. Portugal. 34 sectors. Averages and Numbers engaged hundreds. Vehicles Real es tate Financ. interm Pharm Chemicals Other Business Transport Transport nec Fabricated met Ships Electr. Equip Trade Community ser R&D IT s ervices Telecom Hotels Cons truction Water & electr. Furniture & rec Air Ins trum ents Electrical mach. Office m ach Machinery Basic - m et Plastics Petroleum Wood & Publishing Textiles Food Mining Agriculture 13 Non-met Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: OECD, STAN, 2005, own calculations. Figure 17. Shares of total employment by industrial sector. 34 sectors. Portugal and Numbers engaged hundreds. 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Agriculture Mining Food Textiles Wood & Petroleum Chemicals Pharm Plastics Non-met Basic - met Fabricated Machinery Office Electrical Electr. Instruments Vehicles Ships Air Transport Furniture & Water & Constructio Trade Hotels Transport Telecom Financ. Real estate IT services R&D Other Source: OECD, STAN,

18 Figure 18. Exports by industrial sector. profile. Portugal. 34 sectors. Averages and Thousand USD. Current prices. Ships Chemicals Mining Transport nec Plastics Fabricated met Electr. Equip Petroleum Wood & Publishing Textiles Furniture Air Pharm Food Vehicles Instruments Office mach Machinery Basic - met Agriculture Electrical mach. Non-met Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: UNIDO, INDSTAT4 2005, ISIC Rev3 and COMTRADE 2005, own calculations. Figure 19. Shares of total exports by industrial sector. 34 sectors. Portugal and Thousand USD. Current prices. 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Agriculture Food Wood & Publishing Chemicals Plastics Basic - met Machinery Electrical mach. Instruments Ships Transport nec Source: UNIDO, INDSTAT4 2005, ISIC Rev3 and COMTRADE 2005, own calculations. 14

19 CORRELATION ANALYSIS Table 2. Correlation analysis. indexes BERD, Value added, Employment, Exports and patents. Portugal. Averages and Correlations PT_BERD PT_BERD PT_PAT PT_PAT PT_VA9 PT_VA PT_EMP PT_EMP PT_EXP PT_EXP PT_BERD9395 Pearson Correlation 1 Sig. (2-tailed). PT_BERD0103 Pearson Correlation.600** 1 Sig. (2-tailed).002. PT_PAT9395 Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) PT_PAT0103 Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) PT_VA9395 Pearson Correlation * Sig. (2-tailed) PT_VA0103 Pearson Correlation ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) PT_EMP9395 Pearson Correlation **.805** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) PT_EMP0103 Pearson Correlation **.811**.963** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) PT_EXP9395 Pearson Correlation.632*.798** *.527*.544**.569** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) PT_EXP0103 Pearson Correlation.600*.798** *.569**.627**.700**.825** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). 15

20 Figure 20. BERD versus Value added specialisation in the primary and secondary industrial sectors. Portugal. Based on average values Value added Textiles Agriculture 50 Non-met BERD Food Furniture & rec Ships Wood & Publishing Office machinery Electr machinery Basic-met Motor vehicles Instruments Mining Electr equipment Fabricated metals -50 Machinery -100 Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: Own calculations Figure 21. BERD versus Value added in services. indexes. Portugal. Based on average values Value added 50 Financial interm Construction Water & Electr. Trade Community services BERD 0 Hotels Transport R & D -50 Other business act IT services -100 Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: Own calculations 16

21 Figure 22. BERD versus patents. indexes. Portugal. Based on average values Patents Fabricated metals50 Non metallic min Basic metals Food Wood & Publishing BERD Motor vehicles 0 Machinery nec Textiles Instruments Office machinery Electr machinery Electr equipment Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: Own calculations Figure 23. BERD versus exports. indexes. Portugal. Based on average values Exports Textiles Electr Electr equipment machinery 50 Non-met Wood & Publishing BERD Motor vehicles Fabricated metals 0 Food Agriculture Basic-met Machinery Office mach Mining Ships Instruments Notes: index with EU15 as reference. Max specialisation: Min. specialisation: Source: Own calculations 17

22 Table 3: Profile Areas of specialisation BERD Patents Increase 75-99; 74; 72; 65-67; 45; Fast growing sectors >4.9% Stable Losing 73; 60-63; 55; 50-52; 26; Increase 2423; 34; 28; 27; 26; 25; 24ex2423; Value Added 75-99; 65-67; 45; ; 50-52; 23; Employment 55; 50-52; 45; 40-41; 64; 36-37; Medium-Low growth sectors =<4.9% Stable Losing 40-41; 32; 28; 20-22; Increase Declining sectors <0 Stable 36-37; 33; 20-22; ; 351; 26; 20-22; ; 31; 26; 20-22; 15-16; ; Exports 23; 34; 28; 26; 32; 31; Losing Red numbers: Decrease specialisation from specialised to non specialised Blue numbers: Increase specialisation from non specialised to specialised 18

23 EXPLANATORY NOTES ISIC v3 codes and sector description Agriculture Mining Food Textiles Wood & Publishing Petroleum 23 Chemicals excluding pharmaceuticals 24ex2423 Pharmaceuticals 2423 Plastics 25 Non-metal minerals 26 Basic metals 27 Fabricated metals 28 Machinery nec 29 Office machinery 30 Electrical mach. 31 Electro. equip. 32 Instruments 33 Motor vehicles 34 Ships 351 Aerospace 353 Transport nec Furniture & recycling Water & Electricity Construction 45 Trade Hotels 55 Transport Telecoms 64 Financial intermediation IT services 72 R & D 73 Other Business activities 74 Community services

24 How to read specialisation profile figures Plotting specialisation indexes against each other is a method for visualising differences in specialisation patterns. The most interesting analytical dimension in this report is comparing business enterprise intramural R&D expenditure specialisation patterns with specialisation patterns in value added, employment, exports and technological specialisation (patents). The result of the plots is four distinct specialisation quadrants showing: 1. Sectors with neither specialisation in BERD nor in the other analytical dimension (lower left quadrant) 2. Sectors with a specialisation in BERD and in the other analytical dimension (upper right quadrant) 3. Sectors with a specialisation in BERD but none in the other analytical dimension (lower right quadrant) 4. Sectors that display a specialisation in the other analytical dimension but not in BERD (upper left quadrant) If there is a good match between BERD and, say, value added specialisation patterns we expect to find all sectors either in the lower left or in the upper right quadrant. Sectors in the upper left or in the lower right of the graphs indicate anomalies, that is, specialisation in one dimension and non-specialisation in the other. If there are many sectors in these quadrants the graph indicates lack of correlation between BERD and, say, economic specialisation. BERD and Value Added specialisation an example Sectors with a specialisation in VA but not in BERD Value Added 100 Sectors with both BERD and VA specialisation 50 Vulnerable competitive position? Strengthening the strengths? BERD Sectors with no specialisation in BERD and VA -50 Sectors with a specialisation in BERD but not in VA Neglected sectors? Further decline in the future? Efforts concentrated in niches? Opportunities for catching up?