Evaluation of new molecules against jassids and white flies of Bt cotton

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1 207; 5(3): E-ISSN: P-ISSN: JEZS 207; 5(3): JEZS Received: Accepted: RK Kalyan DP Saini BM Meena Abhishek Pareek Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, SDAU, Tharad, Gujarat, India Pooja Naruka Shilpa Verma Sonika Joshi Correspondence RK Kalyan Evaluation of new molecules against jassids and white flies of Bt cotton RK Kalyan, DP Saini, BM Meena, Abhishek Pareek, Pooja Naruka, Shilpa Verma and Sonika Joshi Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of new molecules as well as biopesticides against jassids and whiteflies of Bt cotton. Ten treatments i.e. a.i.ha -, flonicamid 50 WG (75 & 00g a.i.ha - ), fipronil 5 SC (00 & 87.5ml a.iha - ), diafenthiuron 50 a.i. ha -, NSKE 5%, Verticillium 0g lit. -, Metarhizium 0g lit - and check were evaluated. Seven days after spray, the maximum per cent reduction in jassids and whitefly population with a mean of 77.80; 79.3 and 8.7; was recorded in difenthiuron 50 WP during both the years, respectively and it was statistically at par with flonicamid 50 WP@ 00g a.i. and fipronil 5 00g a.i.ha -. Among biopesicides, NSKE 5% gave comparatively higher per cent reduction in population of jassids and whiteflies in compare to entomopathogenic fungals. The maximum mean seed cotton yield of 30 kgha- with highest net profit of Rs. 5,38 ha - was obtained in difenthiuron g a.i. ha -. Keywords: Bioefficacy, biopesticides, buperofezin, Bt cotton, diafenthiuron, flonicamid and sucking pests. Introduction Cotton is an important commercial crop and unanimously designated as king of fibre crops. Cotton crop contributes about 80 per cent of the raw material to textile industry in the country providing livelihood for more than 00 million people, through production, processing, trading and marketing []. India has largest acreage of cotton in the world but productivity is still low. The major reason for the low productivity in cotton is damage by insect pests [2]. More than 90 per cent area is under Bt cotton and Bt cotton is susceptible to sucking pests [3, 4, 5]. The problem of sap sucking pests has become more serious from seedling stage thus resulting considerable reduction in yield. Among the sucking pests, jassids, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida); whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.); aphids, Aphis gossypii (Glover) and thrips, Thrips tabaci (Linn.) are the serious pests and cause losses in tune of 2.20 to per cent [6,7,8] and also vectors for a number of viral diseases [9]. The pest problem in cotton is so complex that about 56 per cent of total insecticides are consumed in India by cotton; while area under this crop is only 5 per cent of the total cultivated area [0, ]. Number of insecticides of different groups have been tested and considered under general recommendation for the management of these insects. The repeated use of synthetic chemical insecticides as crop protectants against insect pests has posed serious hazards to environment, humans, resistance in pests to insecticides and natural enemies. The recent trends in pest management emphasis on nonchemical approaches and there is worldwide demand for organically grown fibre, which is increasing annually in export markets. Therefore, attempts have been made to find out new chemistry molecules along with other alternatives for controlling devastating pests in crops. 2. Material and Methods The present field experiment was carried out at Banswara (Rajasthan) during kharif-204 and 205 to evaluate the efficacy of new molecules as well as bio pesticides against jassids and whiteflies of Bt cotton. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments including control, each replicated thrice. The treatments namely buperofezin 250 a.i.ha -, flonicamid 50% WG 75 & 00g a.i. ha -, fipronil 5 00 & 87.5g a.i.ha -, NSKE 5%, diafenthiuron g a.i. ha -, Verticillium 0g lit. - and Metarhizium 0g lit - were evaluated. ~ 236 ~

2 All the treatments had two sprays except check. Bt Cotton hybrid Jai Bt BG II was dibbled at cm spacing. The plot size was kept m. All recommended package and practices was followed to raise the crop as per package and practice booklet of zone ivb, except plant protection measures. Observations on pest incidence were recorded from five fixed plants/plot which were tagged after selecting randomly for this purpose. The number of sucking pests namely jassids and whiteflies were recorded from three leaves (top, middle and bottom) per plant [2, 3]. Pre-treatment population was taken just before the application of treatments and post treatment count 7 days after spray. The values were then transformed to square root transformation for number and data subjected to analysis of variance. First spray was done at economic threshold level (ETL) and subsequent spray was given at fortnight interval. The per cent reduction in population of insect pests vis-a-vis control was computed using the method described [4]. Per cent reduction in population 00 x T x C a b T x C b a Where, T a = Number of insects after treatment T b = Number of insects before treatment C a = Number of insects in untreated check after treatment C b = Number of insects in untreated check before treatment The reduction percentage figures were transformed into arc sine values and subjected to analysis of variance. The seed cotton yield was recorded plot wise at harvest and it was converted into kg ha - for analysis and comparison. At harvest, seed cotton yield was recorded in kg - plot and it was converted into kg ha - for analysis and comparison. 3. Results and Discussion 3. Bio-efficacy against jassids The pre-treatment population of jassids was in the range of 0.67 to 2.33 and 4.33 to 5.67 per three leaves before first spray during the year 204 and 205, respectively and all the treatments/plots are statistically at par. The maximum reduction in the jassids population with a mean of 64.68; 70.5; and 66.44; 72.7; per cent was recorded in difenthiuron g a.i. ha - at 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th days after first spray during both the years, respectively and it was statistically at par with flonicamid 50 WP@ 00g a.i. and fipronil 5 00g a.i.ha - at 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th days after first spray during both the years. Among biopesticides, NSKE 5% showed significant maximum mean per cent reduction (50.83 and 5.0) in the population of jassids at 7 days after spray during both the years, respectively. The similar trend was also observed in second spray (Table -2). The present findings are in agreement with [5, 6] reported that diafenthiuron is very effective in managing cotton leafhopper. Per cent reduction of leafhopper population was found higher with 75 g a.i. ha [7]. Fipronil 5 SC also found very effective and it at par with treatment diafenthiuron 50 WP (0.08%) and imidacloprid 30.5 SL (0.005%) [8]. Neemazol, neem oil and NSKE 5% were also found effective over entamopathogenic fungal against leaf hopper [9]. T : Buperofezin (IGR) Table : Population of jassids/3leaves before and after spray in different treatments during kharif -204 (g a.i. ha - ) PTP* T2 : Flonicamid 50% WG T3 : Flonicamid 50% WG T4 : Fipronil 5 SC T5 : Fipronil 5 SC T6 : NSKE 5% 5% 2.33 T7 : Diafenthiuron 50 WP T8 : Verticillium lecanii 0g/lit 2.33 anisopliae 0g/lit.00 Per cent mean reduction in population of jassids (57.77) 50.4 (59.39) 52.8 (63.47) 52.6 (63.3) 5.28 (60.87) (47.5) (64.68) (37.73) (33.89) 52.9 (63.64) (63.70) (68.80) (67.03) (64.73) (49.93) (70.5) 40.4 (4.55) (36.04) (64.85) (66.52) (73.06) (72.65) 54.5 (65.7) (50.83) 59.8 (74.72) (42.8) (37.36) 5.28 (60.87) (62.9) (64.54) (63.68) 5.42 (6.2) (48.05) 54.9 (65.77) (38.52) (34.44) (62.84) (66.36) 56.7 (69.87) 55.3 (67.6) (64.5) (50.3) (7.24) (39.38) 37.3 (36.74) (70.0) (72.34) 60.3 (75.9) (73.04) (7.39) (53.24) 6.89 (77.80) (39.75) (37.53) T0 : Untreated check S. Em. ± CD at 5% * Pre-treatment population/3leaves**figures in parenthesis are retransformed per cent values DAS= Day/days after spray NS=Non significant ~ 237 ~

3 T : Buperofezin (IGR) Table 2: Population of jassids/3leaves before and after spray in different treatments during kharif- 205 (g a.i. ha - ) PTP* T2 : Flonicamid 50% WG T3 : Flonicamid 50% WG T4 : Fipronil 5 SC T5 : Fipronil 5 SC T6 : NSKE 5% 5% 4.33 T7 : Diafenthiuron 50 WP T8 : Verticillium lecanii 0g/lit 4.67 anisopliae 0g/lit 5.00 Per cent mean reduction in population of jassids (58.87) (64.67) (67.6) (60.03) (63.45) (66.35) (6.43) (65.75) (68.9) (62.34) (65.62) (69.4) (65.09) (70.44) (75.78) (66.6) (7.50) (77.2) (63.2) (68.90) (75.07) (64.07) (69.85) (75.6) (6.22) (65.46) (67.86) (6.75) (64.58) (68.20) (46.40) (50.08) (5.0) (47.20) (48.00) (52.0) (66.44) (38.69) (36.28) (72.7) (40.02) (37.7) (78.05) 40.0 (4.33) 38.2 (38.) (67.5) (39.05) (37.7) (73.26) (40.04) (38.29) (79.3) 40.0 (4.33) (39.35) T0 : Untreated check S. Em. ± CD at 5% NS * Pre-treatment population/3leaves **Figures in parenthesis are retransformed per cent values, DAS= Day/days after spray, NS=Non significant 3.2 Bio-efficacy against whiteflies During the year 204 and 205, the pre-treatment population of whiteflies did not vary significantly in all the plots before first spray (8.00 to 9.67 and to 22.67/ per three leaves, respectively). The highest reduction in population of whiteflies with mean of 66.28; 72.0; 78.3and 68.86; 74.33; 80.4 per cent was recorded in difenthiuron g a.i. ha - at 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th days after first spray during both the years, respectively and it was statistically at par with flonicamid 50 WP@ 00g a.i. and fipronil 5 00g a.i.ha - at 3 rd, 5 th and 7 th days after first spray during both the years. Biopesticide NSKE 5% showed significant maximum mean per cent reduction (53.30 and 5.00) in the population of whiteflies at 7 days after spray during both the years, respectively. The similar trend was also observed in second spray (Table 3-4). The present findings are in close conformity with the findings of [20, 2, 22] who reported that diafenthiuron was highly effective in suppressing the sucking pests viz., Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, and it had no adverse effects on the natural enemies. Table 3: Population of whiteflies/3leaves before and after spray in different treatments during kharif- 204 (g a.i. ha - ) PTP* Per cent mean reduction in population of whiteflies T : Buperofezin (IGR) SC (6.77) (66.42) (69.0) (64.7) (67.45) (68.35) T2 : Flonicamid 50% WG (60.68) (66.26) (68.49) (63.75) (66.26) (70.73) T3 : Flonicamid 50% WG (65.69) (70.42) (74.50) (70.08) (75.9) (80.29) T4 : Fipronil 5 SC (64.98) (69.27) (74.32) (69.88) (73.55) (78.27) T5 : Fipronil 5 SC (60.34) (65.80) (67.68) (62.92) (65.49) (70.56) T6 : NSKE 5% 5% (46.) (5.78) (53.30) (47.49) (52.0) (53.23) T7 : Diafenthiuron 50 WP (66.28) (72.0) (78.3) (70.93) (76.32) (8.7) T8 : Verticillium lecanii 0g/lit (39.54) (40.05) (4.4) (38.85) (40.39) (4.74) anisopliae g/lit 8.00 (36.9) (37.33) (38.80) (35.50) (36.55) (38.0) T0 : Untreated check S. Em. ± CD at 5% NS * Pre-treatment population/3leaves **Figures in parenthesis are retransformed per cent values DAS= Day/days after spray NS=Non significant ~ 238 ~

4 T : Buperofezin (IGR) Table 4: Population of whiteflies/3leaves before and after spray in different treatments during kharif- 205 (g a.i. ha - ) PTP* T2 : Flonicamid 50% WG T3 : Flonicamid 50% WG T4 : Fipronil 5 SC T5 : Fipronil 5 SC T6 : NSKE 5% 5% T7 : Diafenthiuron 50 WP Per cent mean reduction in population of whiteflies (63.06) (66.70) (69.25) (65.86) (68.68) (72.63) (62.39) (67.55) (7.34) (65.87) (69.05) (7.86) (68.49) (7.00) (77.25) (72.79) (78.7) (82.46) (66.34) (70.4) (76.87) (7.5) (76.90) (80.23) (60.2) (63.60) (69.6) (64.50) (67.9) (70.03) (44.4) (48.4) (5.00) (50.2) (52.0) (53.24) (68.86) (74.33) (80.4) (74.5) (79.98) (83.27) T8 : Verticillium lecanii 0g/lit (34.97) (37.8) (39.43) (37.07) (39.02) (4.44) g/lit anisopliae (34.6) (35.68) (36.22) (34.88) (36.9) (37.07) T0 : Untreated check S. Em. ± CD at 5% NS * Pre-treatment population/3leaves **Figures in parenthesis are retransformed per cent values DAS= Day/days after spray NS=Non significant 3.3 Effect on seed cotton yield: The maximum seed cotton yield of 30 kg ha- was recorded in difenthiuron g a.i. ha -, followed by flonicamid 50 WP@ 00g a.i., fipronil 5 00g a.i, flonicamid 50 WP@ 75g a.i., fipronil g a.i and buperfezin 25 EC@25g a.i.ha - and statistically at par with each other. Whereas, among biopesticdes, NSKE 5% gave more yield than other biopesticides (Table 5). The maximum net profit of Rs. 5,38 ha - was obtained in difenthiuron g a.i. ha - and followed by flonicamid 50 WP@ 00g a.i. (Rs.46,772) and fipronil 5 00g a.i. ha - (Rs.43,900). Table 5: Seed cotton yield and economics of different treatment S. No Seed yield (kg ha - ) Mean seed yield Cost of treatment Net profit (g a.i.ha - ) (kg ha - ) (Rs. ha - ) (Rs. ha - ) Buperofezin (IGR) ,708 2 Flonicamid 50% WG ,922 3 Flonicamid 50% WG ,772 4 Fipronil 5 SC ,900 5 Fipronil 5 SC ,890 6 NSKE 5% 5% ,500 7,908 7 Diafenthiuron 50 WP ,932 8 Verticillium lecanii 0g/lit Metarhizium anisopliae 0g/lit Control CD at 5% CV% Conclusion On the basis of two years study, it is concluded that two spray of difenthiuron g a.i., flonicamid 50 WP@ 00g a.i. and fipronil 5 00g a.i. ha - was found very effective in controlling jassid and whitefly population in cotton and also gave higher yield. 5. Acknowledgement Authors would like to thank the Director, CICR-Nagpur, Project Coordinator, CICR- Regional Station-Coimbatore (Tamilnadu) for the financial help and Zonal Director Research, Agricultural Research Station, Banswara (Maharana & Technology, Udaipur) for making available the necessary facilities to conduct the experiment. 6. References. Rakesh RC, Kathane TV. Cotton marketing federation and export of cotton in India (980-8 to ). Cotton Development. 989; 8(3-4): Agarwal RA, Gupta GP, Garg DO. Cotton pest management in India. Research Publication, Azadnage, Delhi. 984, Hofs JL, Schoeman A, Vaissayre M. Effect of Bt cotton on orthropod biodiversity in South African cotton fields. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological. Sciences. 2004; 69: Sharma HC, Pampapathy G. Influence of transgenic cotton on the relative abundance and damage by target and non-target insect pests under different protection regimes in India. Crop Protection. 2006; 25: Kranthi KR. Bt cotton Q&A. CICR Nagpur, 202, 27. ~ 239 ~

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