Evaluation of Different Bio Pesticides Against the Aphid in Okra at Bhubaneswar
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1 American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (4): , 2015 ISSN IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: /idosi.aejaes Evaluation of Different Bio Peicides Again the Aphid in Okra at Bhubaneswar Mohanisha Janghel, Ipsita Mishra a B.K. Mishra Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Orrisa University of Agriculture a Technology, Bhubaneswar , Odisha, Iia Abract: Aphid population ranged from in the beginning of Kharif 2013 a 3.7 to 4.21 in summer after the application of biopeicides a bioagents at 40 DAG aphid infeation during 2013 was fou to be 0.36/plant in acetamiprid treatment (T 7) but bioagent C. zarowi sillemi also reduced the population subantially recording 1.0 a 1.09 aphid/ plant at 40 DAG. The reduction was 96.54% in insecticide were as it was 90.41% in C. zarowi 1 lakh / ha a 9.54% in C. zarowi 75,000 / ha iicating the effectiveness of C.zarowi sillemi in the control of sucking pe similarly correspoing incidence in summer was 0.96, 1.2 a 1.31 aphids/ plant a a 6.32 a 5.74% reduction respectively. The biopeicides were also effective for control of aphid the mo effective being V.lecanii which recorded 1.6 a 2.06 aphids/plant a 2.16 a 2.92% reduction of aphid population during Kharif a summer respectively. The other biopeicides in order of effectiveness were M. anisopliae, Neemazol a B. bassiana recording (3.02 a 3.10, 4.01 a 3.92,3.96 a 4.0 aphid/plant) during Kharif a summer respectively. It was observed that over the two seasons, the aphid population ranged between 0.77 in acetamiprid treatment to 3.69 in B.bassiana treatment among the bioagent a biopeicides where as in controlled plot it was.34 aphid/plant correspoingly the population reduction was also highe in T 7(0.21%) followed by T 3(79.46%), T 5(77.57%), T 2(67.6%), T 4(60.67%) a T 1(55.75%) iicating that C. zarowi sillemi a V. lecanii were mo effective bioagents again aphids. Key word: Evaluation Aphid Okra INTRODUCTION Harischara Naik a Shekharappa (200) whereas that of the neem peicides has been elaborated by Okra is ravaged by as many as 45 species of Dhanalakashmi a Mallapur (2011) [6]. The chrysopid insect-pes throughout its growth period [1]. Among predator,c.carnea has also successfully controlled okra these, the aphid, Aphis gossypii is a polyphagous sucking aphid (Puri, 1992). Keeping all these in view, a field pe a also fou damaging okra all over Iia. It also experiments were taken up at the Orissa University of acts as vector of virus a transmits mosaic, leaf curl etc. Agriculture a Technology, Bhubaneswar to evaluate [2]. The iiscriminate use of peicides has caused bio peicides again the okra aphid. toxicity to non-target beneficial organisms resulting in development of pe resiance to the chemical peicides MATERIALS AND METHODS a resurgence of pe due to pyrethorids [3]. Adoptions of IPM rategies ensure safety of environment. In this The field experiments were taken up in the Central regard encouragement of natural enemies occupies a Research Station of Orissa University of Agriculture a central position in integrated pe management because Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar during Kharif 2013 biological control of pes a weeds through natural a Summer The okra variety Utkal Gaurav was enemies is eco-friely (Shivalingaswamy et al [4]; sown in well prepared la a the crop was grown Telang et al. 2004; Sardana et al [5]). The following all aard package of practices. The effectiveness of bio peicides like Beauveria bassiana, experiments were laid in Raomized Block Design (RBD) Verticillum lecanii a Metarhizium anisopliae again with three replications a eight treatments. The plot size okra aphid Aphis gossypii has been reported by was 5m x 5m. Treatment schedule was as follows: Correspoing Author: Mohanisha Janghel, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Orrisa University of Agriculture a Technology, Bhubaneswar , Odisha, Iia. 694
2 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (3): , 2015 T- 1 Application of Beauveria 1x 10 cfu/g at The treatment reduced the pe population in the 15 a 30 DAG (Days after Germination) range of 7.71% in T 7 to in T1during Kharif 2013 T2- Application of Metarrhizium anisopliae@ 1x 10 (Table 1). This observation corroborate with the fiing cfu/g as in T1 of Nirmala et al.(2006) have recorded similar effectiveness T- 3 Application of Verticillium 1x 10 cfu/g as of V. lecanii. After 30 DAG similar tre was observed in in T 1. the aphid population. Days before application (DBA) T- 4 Application of Neemazal 4% as in T 1. aphids ranged from 1.02 in T 7 to 5.1 in T when the T- 5 Release of Chrysoperla zarowi observations was taken. The difference between inar larvae/ha at 15 a 30 DAG treatments in respect of aphid population was significant. T- 6 Release of Chrysoperla zarowi 100,000 1 After 33 DAG 2 application was done in the same dose. inar larvae /ha at 15 a 30 DAG After 3 days of applying treatment i.e. at the 33 DAG the T- 7 Application of acetamiprid 0.025% at 15 a 30 DAG population a aphid ranged between in T70.61 to 7.29 in T- Untreated control T. The aphid population was lowe (0.61/plant) in T 7i.e. application of acetamiprid which was at par with Fifteen days after germination (DAG) the fir application of C. zarowi sillemii in T 6 having 1.12 application of biopeicides were done. Before that, as the aphids/plant. Control plots recorded the highe th 14 DAG, the population of pes were recorded before population of aphid at 3.0 aphids/plant [9]. application of the treatments (DBA). Thus for each V. lecanii a C. zarowi sillemii in T treatment pe population were recorded 1 day before 75,000/ha recorded 1.9 a 1.43 aphids/plant which were application (DBT) a then 3 day after treatment (DAT) atiically at par with each other. B. bassiana, a 10 DAT. The population of pes was recorded from M.anisopliae a Neemazol were recorded 4.67, 3.33 a 10 raomly selected plants in each subplot after the fir 4.07 which were atiically similar will each other [10]. application of biopeicides a bioagents. Observations During summer (Table 2), the population of were taken from 3 leaves i.e., from top, middle a lower aphid in okra ranged from at 15 days after portion of the plant for sucking pes. Data so obtained germination when the 1 observation was taken. The during Kharif 2013 a summer were atiically differences between treatments in respect of aphid analysed after suitable transformation a the inferences population was non-significant. After 3 days of applying were drawn basing on the results. treatments i.e. 1 DAG the population of aphid ranged between 2.00 in T 3to 5.32 in T.The aphid population was RESULTS AND DISCUSSION lowe (2.00/plant) in T i.e. application of acetamiprid which was at par with the application of V. lecanii (T 3 ) During Kharif 2013, the population of aphids in okra having 2.02 aphids/plant. The biopeicides. B. bassiana, ranged from 2.01 in T 1 to 2.22 in T 7. Fifteen days after V. lecanii a Neemazol recorded 4.19, 3.21 a 3.12 germination (DAG) when the 1 observation was taken the aphids per plant which were atiically at par will each difference between treatments in respect of aphid other. The bioagent C.zarowi sillemii when released at population was non-significant. After 3 days of applying the rate of 1,00,000/ha was as effective as the application treatments i.e. 1 DAG, the population of aphid ranged of acetamiprid, but when released at the rate of 50,000/ha between 0.63 in T 7to 3.0 in T. The aphid population was the predator was as effective as the be biopeicide lowe in (0.63/plant) in T7 i.e. application of acetamiprid V. lecanii. Control plots recorded the highe population which was at par will the application of Verticillum of aphid at 5.32 aphids per plant [11]. lecanii (T 3) having 1.36 aphids/plant []. During summer (Table 2), the population of The treatments with Beauveria bassiana, aphid in okra ranged from at 15 days after Metarhizium anisopliae a Neemazol recorded 2.12, 2.09 germination when the 1 observation was taken. The a 2.03 aphids/plant which were at par with each other. differences between treatments in respect of aphid The bioagent Chrysoperla zarowi sillemii when population was non-significant. After 3 days of applying 1,00,000/ha was as effective as the application treatments i.e. 1 DAG the population of aphid ranged of acetamiprid, but when released at the rate of 50,000/ha between 2.00 in T 3to 5.32 in T. The aphid population was the predator as effective as the but the biopeicide lowe (2.00/plant) in T i.e. application of acetamiprid Verticillum lecanii. which was at par with the application of V. lecanii (T ) 3 695
3 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (3): , 2015 Table 1: Effect of different bioagents on the aphid population in okra during Kharif application 2 Application Treatment DBA 1 DAG 25 DAG Reduction over control(%) DBA 33 DAG 40 DAG Reduction over control(%) T1 2.01(1.41) 2.12(1.45) 2.73(1.65) (2.19) 4.67(2.16) 3.96(1.9) T2 2.13(1.45) 2.09(1.44) 1.65(1.2) (2.0) 3.33(1.2) 3.02(1.73) T3 2.11(1.45) 1.36(1.16) 1.06(1.02) (1.70) 1.9(1.40) 1.6(1.36) 2.16 T4 2.21(1.4) 2.03(1.42) 2.00(1.41) (2.10) 4.07(2.01) 4.01(2.00) T5 2.09(1.44) 1.0(1.34) 1.73(1.3) (1.14) 1.43(1.19) 1.09(1.04) 9.54 T6 2.13(1.45) 1.65(1.2) 1.53(1.23) (1.13) ) 1.00(1.00) T7 2.22(1.4) 0.63(0.79) 0.5(0.76) (1.00) 0.61(0.7) 0.36(0.60) T 2.20(1.4) 3.0(1.94) 4.72(2.17) - 5.1(2.41) 7.29(2.7) 10.42(3.22) - SE(m) ± NS NS CD(0.05) NS NS Figures in parentheses are x values Table 2: Effect of different bioagents on the aphid population in okra during Summer Application 2 Application Treatment DBA 1 DAG 25 DAG Reduction over control(%) DBA 33 DAG 40 DAG Reduction over control(%) T1 4.20(2.04) 4.19(2.04) 4.03(2.00) (2.26) 4.36(2.0) 4.0(2.01) T2 3.7(1.99) 3.21(1.79) 2.97(1.72) (1.4) 3.16(1.77) 3.10(1.76) T3 3.75(1.93) 2.02(1.42) 1.6(1.36) (1.72) 2.12(1.45) 2.06(1.43) 2.92 T4 4.21(2.05) 3.71(1.92) 3.22(1.79) (2.20) 4.43(2.10) 3.92(1.97) T5 4.0(2.01) 3.12(1.76) 2.96(1.72) (1.46) 1.(1.37) 1.72(1.31) 5.74 T6 4.11(2.02) 3.01(1.73) 2.43(1.55) (1.44) 1.70(1.37) 1.65(1.2) 6.32 T7 3.7(1.96) 2.00(1.41) 1.23(1.10) (1.55) 1.10(1.04) 0.93(0.96) T 4.01(2.00) 5.32(2.30) 6.1(2.4) - 6.2(2.61).91(2.9) 12.06(3.47) - SE (m) ± NS CD(0.05) NS Figures in parentheses are x values Table 3: Effect of different biopeicides on the aphid population in okra (pooled over Kharif 2013 a summer ) Treatment DBA 1 DAG 25 DAG Reduction over control (%) T 4.03(2.00) 3.3(1.95) 3.69(1.92) T 3.33(1.2) 2.94(1.71) 2.6(1.63) T 2.93(1.71) 1.7(1.37) 1.71(1.30) T 3.92(1.96) 3.56(1.) 3.2(1.1) T 4.1(2.19) 2.05(1.43) 1.7(1.36) T 2.39(1.54) 1.91(1.3) 1.65(1.2) T 2.3(1.54) 1.0(1.03) 0.77(0.) T 4.70(2.16) 6.32(2.51).34(2.) - SE (m) ± NS CD(0.05) NS Figures in parentheses are x values having 2.02 aphids/plant. The biopeicides. B. bassiana, the application of acetamiprid, but when released at V. lecanii a Neemazol recorded 4.19, 3.21 a 3.12 the rate of 50,000/ha the predator was as effective as aphids per plant which were atiically at par will the be biopeicide V. lecanii. Control plots each other. The bioagent C.zarowi sillemii when recorded the highe population of aphid at 5.32 aphids released at the rate of 1,00,000/ha was as effective as per plant. 696
4 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (3): , 2015 The treatments reduced the pe population in the range of 34.79% (T 1) to 0.09% (T 7) during summer This observation is in agreement with the fiings of Yokomi a Gottwald (199) who have recorded similar effectiveness of V. lecanii again A. gossypii. After 30 DAG, similar tre was observed in the aphid population. DBA, it ranged from 2.42 in T 7 to 6.2 in T when the observation were taken. The difference between treatments in respect of aphid population was significant. After 3 days i.e. 33 DAG again the 2 spraying was done. The aphid population varied from 1.10 in T 7 to.91 in T aphid/plant showing acetamiprid as mo effective treatment with 92.29% population reduction followed by C. zarowi 1 lakh/ha a 75,000/ha resulting in 6.32% a 5.74 % reduction in aphid population respectively. Next be treatment was V. lecanii showing 2.92 % reduction, M.anisopliae showing % reduction, Neemazol showing % reduction a Bt showing % reduction in aphid population. The effectiveness of V. lecanii a C. zarowi sillemi in controlling aphids has been reported by Khalil et al. [7], Yokomi [] a Gottwald (199), Ramarethinam et al. [9] a Nirmala et al. [10] earlier a the present udy also confirmed their fiings. The pooled data (Table 3) of both the seasons revealed that the DBA, the aphid population ranged from 2.93 / plant in T 3 i.e. V. lecanii to 4.70 in untreated control. The lowe population in T 3 is due to application of V. lecanii. The plots treated with insecticide acetamiprid regiered, recorded lowe population of 2.3 aphids/ plant where as the biopeicide recorded 3.33,3.92 a 4.03 aphids / plant in respect of M. anisopliae, Neemazol a B. bassaina application[12]. 1 DAG a 25 DAG the population of aphid ranged from 1.0/ plant in T 7 to 6.32/plant a 0.77 to.34/ plant respectively, acetamiprid being the mo effective treatment recording both the lowe population. The biopeicides were also fou effective in controlling the aphid population. The mo effective one was V. lecanii recording 1.7 a 1.71 aphids/ plants respectively the correspoing aphid population in respect of M. anisopliae Neemazol a B. bassiana were 2.94 a 2.6, 3.56 a 3.2, 3.3 a 3.69 aphids / plant respectively. Acetamiprid recorded the highe reduction in population of aphid ( 90.76%) followed by C. zarowi 1 lakh / ha ( 0.21%), V. lecanii ( 79.49%) in C. zarowi (77.57%), M. anisopliae (67.6%), Neemazol (60.67%) a B. bassiana (55.75%). The effectiveness of Chrysoperla in reducing the sucking as well as borer pe of different crops has been demonrated by Balakrishnan et al. [11], Inayatullah (2007) in tomato, Pathan et al. [12]. The present fiings are in agreement with the above authors. CONCLUSION It was observed that over the two seasons, the aphid population ranged between 0.77 in acetamiprid treatment to 3.69 in B. bassiana treatment among the bioagent a biopeicides where as in controlled plot it was.34 aphid/plant correspoingly the population reduction was also highe in T 7(0.21%) followed by T 3(79.46%), T 5 (77.57%), T 2(67.6%), T 4(60.67%) a T (55.75%) 1 iicating that C. zarowi sillemi a V. lecanii were mo effective bioagents again aphids. REFERENCES 1. Rawat, R.R. a H.R. Sahu, Eimation of losses in growth a yield of okra due to recommeed insecticides again jassid on okra. Himachal J. Agric. Res., 24(1/2): Butani, D.K. a S. Verma, Insect-pes of vegetables a their control-3: Lady s finger. Peicides, 10(7): Basha, A.A., S. Chelliah a M. Gopalan, 192. Effect of synthetic pyrethroids in the control of brinjal fruit borer (Leucinodes orbanalis Guen). Peicide, 16(9): Shivalingaswamy, T.M., S. Sathpathy, B. Singh a A. Kumar, Predator-prey interaction between jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Ishida) a a aphylinid in okra. Veget. Sci., 29: Sardana, H.R., O.M. Bambawale, L.M. Kadu a D.K. Singh, Development a Validation of Adaptable IPM in Okra through Farmers Participatory Approach. Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci., 13(1): Dhanalakashmi, D.N. a C.P. Mallapur, Efficacy of Stored Botanical Extracts again Sucking Pes of Okra uer Laboratory Coitions, Journal of Entomological Research, 35: Khalil, S.K., J. Bartos a Z. Laa, 195. Effectiveness of Verticillium lecanii to reduce populations of aphid uer glasshouse a field coitions. Agric. Ecosy. Environ., 12: Yokomi, R.K. a T.R. Gottwald, 199. Virulence of Verticillium lecanii isolates in aphids determined by bioassay, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 51:
5 Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 15 (3): , Ramarethinam, S., 199. Neem formulations for 12. Pathan, N.M., P.K. Nalwaikar a S.T. Shie, integrated pe management, Peology, 22(6): Evaluation of components of integrated pe 10. Nirmala, R., B. Ramanujam, R.J. Rabira a management (IPM) again aphids a jassids N.S. Rao, Effect entomofungal pathogen on infeing okra, J. Ent. Res., 34(4): mortality of three aphid species, Journal of Biological Control, 20(1): Balakrishnan, N., R.K.M. Baskaran a N.R. Mahadevan, Evaluation of management modules of bollworms on cotton uer rainfed coition. Ann. Pl. Protect. Sci., 13:
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World Engineering & Applied Sciences Journal 6 (1): 59-63, 2015 ISSN 2079-2204 IDOSI Publications, 2015 DOI: 10.529/idosi.weasj.2015.6.1.22191 Evaluation of Different Bio Peicides Again the Aphid in Okra
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