These data will be used to support the URMULE submission to register Callisto on highbush blueberry.

Transcription

1 October 26, 2008 Ted Klassen President, Ontario Highbush Blueberry Growers Klassen Blueberries 954 Rd. 50 E., RR#1 Harrow, Ontario N0R 1G0 Dear Ted, Please find enclosed the results of the Herbicide Tolerance in Highbush Bluberry research conducted in This year was a continuation of the research studies in 2006 and 2008, and focused on producing data needed to register Callisto in blueberry, and also to evaluate grass herbicides (including Assure II) in blueberries. Callisto has demonstrated excellent tolerance in blueberry in three years of field work. Callisto is a useful broadleaf herbicide that has some activity on crabgrass. The four studies conducted in 2008 confirmed that four blueberry varieties (Bluecrop, Patriot, Northland and Duke) were are equally as tolerant as one another. These data will be used to support the URMULE submission to register Callisto on highbush blueberry. Ted, I would like to thank you for your support of the horticultural weed management program at Ridgetown Campus, and I hope these research results will be of use to the blueberry industry in Ontario. Sincerely, Darren Robinson Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph Ridgetown, Ontario N0P 2C0 Phone: (519)

2 HERBICIDE TOLERANCE IN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY RESEARCH RESULTS 2008 PREPARED BY DARREN ROBINSON, RIDGETOWN CAMPUS FOR THE ONTARIO BLUEBERRY GROWERS ASSOCIATION OCTOBER 26,

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Purpose Of This Booklet This booklet is provided as a guide to the 2008 highbush blueberry herbicide tolerance research trials. The experiments outlined in this booklet are located at Park s Blueberries, so we would also like to thank Bill Parks for his significant contribution to this research. We appreciate the funding, cooperation and assistance provided by the Ontario Blueberry Growers Association. As well, we would like to thank the chemical companies and their representatives, agextension personnel, and other research scientists for their ideas, plant material and herbicide samples that were used in these trials. Funding for the 2007 research program was provided by: Ontario Blueberry Growers Association Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Technical Assistants Research Technician Kristen McNaughton Research Assistants Mark Beenackers Sarah Sikkema Sean Vink We trust that the information provided by this research will further the science of weed control by assisting with the registration of herbicides through the minor use system. We also hope this information will be of use in the extension of proper herbicide recommendations, thereby enabling growers to achieve consistent, broad spectrum weed control with a minimum of crop damage. D.E. Robinson Ridgetown Campus, University of Guelph Ridgetown, Ontario N0P 2C0 (519) drobinso@ridgetownc.uogelph.ca 3

4 Study title: Tolerance of Bluecrop Blueberry to Preemergence Applications of Callisto Objectives: 1. Determine the tolerance of Bluecrop blueberry to preemergence applications of Callisto. Materials & Methods: Crop: blueberry Variety: Bluecrop Planting date: Apr 20/80 Planting rate: 2150 plants/ha Depth: 20 cm Row spacing: 3m Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 2m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Soil Description: Sand: 75% OM: 4.9% Texture: Sandy Loam Silt:15% ph: 6.4 Soil: Barrien Clay: 10% CEC 15 Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Nozzle Type: Flat Fan Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm Spray Volume: 200 L/ha Pressure: 207 KPA Nozzle Size: 8002XR Boom Width: 2 m 4

5 Application Information: APPLICATION DATE MAY 1/08 A PREEMERGENCE TIME OF DAY TIMING 3:00 PM PREEMERGENCE TO SOIL AIR TEMP (c) 18.5C RH (%) 26% WIND SPEED (KPH) SOIL TEMP (c) 4.2 KPH 22C CLOUD COVER (%) 5% CROP STAGE BUD SWELL Treatments: Formulation Product Rate Timing (L or g/ac) 1. Check (WEED-FREE) 2. CALLISTO 480 EC 120 ml/ac A 3. CALLISTO 480 EC 240 ml/ac A 5

6 Results: None of the treatments caused visual injury to blueberries all applications were made just prior to bud break on May 1 st, Callisto did not reduce yield or delay blueberry maturity. An URMULE submission has been made to register Callisto on highbush blueberry. These data will be used to support that submission. Table 1. Blueberry yield at first, second and third picks, as well as total yield (T/ac). Treatment # Herbicide rate (L or g/ac) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Total yield Pick Pick Pick 1. Check (WEED-FREE) CALLISTO 120 ml/ac CALLISTO 240 ml/ac LSD (P <0.05) Note: Means followed by an asterisk are significantly less than the untreated check (P=0.05, LSD). Conclusions: Callisto has demonstrated excellent tolerance in blueberry in four years of field work. Callisto is a useful broadleaf herbicide that has some activity on crabgrass. Additional studies were conducted to determine if other blueberry varieties are equally as tolerant as Blue Crop (see following research trials). 6

7 Study title: Tolerance of Northland Blueberry to Preemergence Applications of Callisto Objectives: 1. Determine the tolerance of Northland blueberry to preemergence applications of Callisto. Materials & Methods: Crop: blueberry Variety: Bluecrop Planting date: Apr 18/84 Planting rate: 2150 plants/ha Depth: 20 cm Row spacing: 3m Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 2m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Soil Description: Sand: 75% OM: 4.9% Texture: Sandy Loam Silt:15% ph: 6.4 Soil: Barrien Clay: 10% CEC 15 Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Nozzle Type: Flat Fan Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm Spray Volume: 200 L/ha Pressure: 207 KPA Nozzle Size: 8002XR Boom Width: 2 m 7

8 Application Information: APPLICATION DATE MAY 1/08 A PREEMERGENCE TIME OF DAY TIMING 3:30 PM PREEMERGENCE TO SOIL AIR TEMP (c) 18.5C RH (%) 26% WIND SPEED (KPH) SOIL TEMP (c) 4.2 KPH 22C CLOUD COVER (%) 5% CROP STAGE BUD SWELL Treatments: Formulation Product Rate Timing (L or g/ac) 1. Check (WEED-FREE) 2. CALLISTO 480 EC 120 ml/ac A 3. CALLISTO 480 EC 240 ml/ac A 8

9 Results: None of the treatments caused visual injury to blueberries all applications were made just prior to bud break on May 1 st, Callisto did not reduce yield or delay blueberry maturity. An URMULE submission has been made to register Callisto on highbush blueberry. These data will be used to support that submission. Table 1. Blueberry yield at first and second picks, as well as total yield (T/ac). Treatment # Herbicide rate (L or g/ac) 1 st 2 nd Total yield Pick Pick 1. Check (WEED-FREE) CALLISTO 120 ml/ac CALLISTO 240 ml/ac LSD (P <0.05) Note: Means followed by an asterisk are significantly less than the untreated check (P=0.05, LSD). Conclusions: Callisto has demonstrated excellent tolerance in blueberry in three years of field work. Callisto is a useful broadleaf herbicide that has some activity on crabgrass. This study was conducted to confirm that another blueberry variety ( Northland ) was equally as tolerant as Blue Crop. 9

10 Study title: Tolerance of Patriot Blueberry to Preemergence Applications of Callisto Objectives: 1. Determine the tolerance of Patriot blueberry to preemergence applications of Callisto. Materials & Methods: Crop: blueberry Variety: Patriot Planting date: Apr 22/90 Planting rate: 2150 plants/ha Depth: 20 cm Row spacing: 3m Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 2m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Soil Description: Sand: 75% OM: 4.9% Texture: Sandy Loam Silt:15% ph: 6.4 Soil: Barrien Clay: 10% CEC 15 Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Nozzle Type: Flat Fan Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm Spray Volume: 200 L/ha Pressure: 207 KPA Nozzle Size: 8002XR Boom Width: 2 m 10

11 Application Information: APPLICATION DATE MAY 1/08 A PREEMERGENCE TIME OF DAY TIMING 3:15 PM PREEMERGENCE TO SOIL AIR TEMP (c) 18.5C RH (%) 26% WIND SPEED (KPH) SOIL TEMP (c) 4.2 KPH 22C CLOUD COVER (%) 5% CROP STAGE BUD SWELL Treatments: Formulation Product Rate Timing (L or g/ac) 1. Check (WEED-FREE) 2. CALLISTO 480 EC 120 ml/ac A 3. CALLISTO 480 EC 240 ml/ac A 11

12 Results: None of the treatments caused visual injury to blueberries all applications were made just prior to bud break on May 1 st, Callisto did not reduce yield or delay blueberry maturity. An URMULE submission has been made to register Callisto on highbush blueberry. These data will be used to support that submission. Table 1. Blueberry total yield (T/ac). Treatment # Herbicide rate (L or g/ac) Total yield 1. Check (WEED-FREE) CALLISTO 120 ml/ac CALLISTO 240 ml/ac 1.3 LSD (P <0.05) 0.5 Note: Means followed by an asterisk are significantly less than the untreated check (P=0.05, LSD). Conclusions: Callisto has demonstrated excellent tolerance in blueberry in three years of field work. Callisto is a useful broadleaf herbicide that has some activity on crabgrass. This study was conducted to confirm that another blueberry variety ( Patriot ) was equally as tolerant as Blue Crop. 12

13 Study title: Tolerance of Duke Blueberry to Preemergence Applications of Callisto Objectives: 1. Determine the tolerance of Duke blueberry to preemergence applications of Callisto. Materials & Methods: Crop: blueberry Variety: Duke Planting date: Apr 25/98 Planting rate: 2150 plants/ha Depth: 20 cm Row spacing: 3m Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 2m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Soil Description: Sand: 75% OM: 4.9% Texture: Sandy Loam Silt:15% ph: 6.4 Soil: Barrien Clay: 10% CEC 15 Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Nozzle Type: Flat Fan Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm Spray Volume: 200 L/ha Pressure: 207 KPA Nozzle Size: 8002XR Boom Width: 2 m 13

14 Application Information: APPLICATION DATE MAY 1/08 A PREEMERGENCE TIME OF DAY TIMING 2:45 PM PREEMERGENCE TO SOIL AIR TEMP (c) 18.5C RH (%) 26% WIND SPEED (KPH) SOIL TEMP (c) 4.2 KPH 22C CLOUD COVER (%) 5% CROP STAGE BUD SWELL Treatments: Formulation Product Rate Timing (L or g/ac) 1. Check (WEED-FREE) 2. CALLISTO 480 EC 120 ml/ac A 3. CALLISTO 480 EC 240 ml/ac A 14

15 Results: None of the treatments caused visual injury to blueberries all applications were made just prior to bud break on May 1 st, Callisto did not reduce yield or delay blueberry maturity. An URMULE submission has been made to register Callisto on highbush blueberry. These data will be used to support that submission. Table 1. Blueberry yield at first, second and third picks, as well as total yield (T/ac). Treatment # Herbicide rate (L or g/ac) 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Total yield Pick Pick Pick 1. Check (WEED-FREE) CALLISTO 120 ml/ac CALLISTO 240 ml/ac LSD (P <0.05) Note: Means followed by an asterisk are significantly less than the untreated check (P=0.05, LSD). Conclusions: Callisto has demonstrated excellent tolerance in blueberry in three years of field work. Callisto is a useful broadleaf herbicide that has some activity on crabgrass. This study was conducted to confirm that another blueberry variety ( Duke ) was equally as tolerant as Blue Crop. 15

16 Study title: Tolerance of Blueberry to Late Postemergence Applications of Graminicides and Pardner Objectives: 1. Determine the tolerance of blueberry to late postemergence applications of different grass herbicides. 2. Determine the tolerance of blueberry to postemergence applications of Pardner. Materials & Methods: Crop: blueberry Variety: Bluecrop Planting date: Apr 20/80 Planting rate: 2150 plants/ha Depth: 20 cm Row spacing: 3m Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Plot width: 2m Plot length: 10m Reps: 4 Soil Description: Sand: 75% OM: 4.9% Texture: Sandy Loam Silt:15% ph: 6.4 Soil: Barrien Clay: 10% CEC 15 Spray Equipment: Application Method: CO2 Backpack Nozzle Type: Flat Fan Nozzle Spacing: 50 cm Spray Volume: 200 L/ha Pressure: 207 KPA Nozzle Size: 8002XR Boom Width: 2 m 16

17 Application Information: APPLICATION DATE JUNE 25/07 A POSTEMERGENCE TIME OF DAY TIMING AIR TEMP (c) 10:00 AM WEEDS 5 LEAF+ 26C RH (%) 73% WIND SPEED (KPH) SOIL TEMP (c) 1 KPH 25C CLOUD COVER (%) 5% CROP STAGE BERRY Treatments: Formulation Product Rate Timing (L or g/ac) 1. Check (WEED-FREE) 2. ASSURE II 96 EC 300 ml/ac BERRY + SURE MIX 1.0% V/V 3. EXCEL SUPER 81 EC 270 ml/ac BERRY 4. POAST ULTRA 450 EC 190 ml/ac BERRY + ASSIST 0.8 l/ac BERRY 5. VENTURE L 125 EC 1.6 l/ac BERRY 6. PARDNER 280 EC 960 ml/ac BERRY 17

18 Results: Assure II, Excel Super, Poast Ultra and Venture L did not cause visual injury to blueberry when applied at berry stage (June 25 th, 2007). Pardner applied postemergence at berry stage caused some leaf burn of the lower leaves 7 days after treatment (DAT), but by 28 DAT, the plants had outgrown the visual injury. Table 1. Blueberry visual injury late postemergence timing trial. Treatment # Herbicide rate (L or g/ac) 7 DAT 14 DAT 28 DAT 1. Check (WEED-FREE) 2. ASSURE II 300 ml/ac EXCEL SUPER 270 ml/ac POAST ULTRA 190 ml/ac ASSIST 0.8 l/ac 5. VENTURE L 1.6 l/ac PARDNER 960 ml/ac Conclusions: Blueberry showed excellent tolerance to Assure II, Excel Super, Poast Ultra, Venture L and Pardner. Assure II is a cheap alternative to Venture L for quackgrass control, and Excel Super has good to excellent activity on crabgrass. Further studies should be conducted with Pardner to determine the level of tolerance among different varieties of blueberry. We should begin work toward registering Assure II if growers feel quackgrass is a significant issue in blueberries. 18