Cytological Studies in Iran Zira from Three Genus: Bunium, Carum and Cuminum

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1 C 1996 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 61: 19-25, 1996 Cytological Studies in Iran Zira from Three Genus: Bunium, Carum and Cuminum Masoud Sheidai*1, Parichehre Ahmadian2 and Shahram Poorseyedy2 i Biol. Dept., Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 2 Plant Breeding Department, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Accepted October 4, 1995 Zira is a persian word and has been used since very long ago without any limitation for calling three species of Bunium persicum, Carum carvi and Cuminum cyminum. These are called black zira, green zira and Caraway, respectively. Bunium cylindricum is called kaji zira. Seeds of black and green zira are of economic importance in Iran and are exported. Caraway though has medicinal uses in other countries, due to its limited growth in Iran, has not received much attention. Till now, no cytological data has been reported from zira plants of Iran. The present paper deals with karyological and meiotic analysis of these species surveying different populations. Materials and methods Seeds of the following species were collected from natural habitats: 1. Bunium persicum (Boiss) B. Fedtsch. 2. Bunium cylindricum (Boiss. et Hohen.). 3. Bunium chaerophylloids (Regel. et Shmalh.). 4. Carum carvi L. 5. Cuminum cyminum L. Cytological preparations were made using freshly grown root tips for karyological analysis Table 1. Karyological details Corresponding author.

2 20 Masoud Sheidai, Parichehre Ahmadian and Shahram Poorseyedy Cytologia 61 and flower buds for meiotic studies. Detailes of procedures are as earlier reports (Sheidai and Inamdar 1992a, b). Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation was determined for total length of chromosomes, long arms, short arms and 1/s ratios. To asses karyotype asymmetry, total form percentage (Forni-Martin et al. 1994), and symmetry index (Salimuddin 1992) were determined. Cluster analysis of karyotypic data was performed using NTSYS package, version 1.40 (Rolf 1988). Goodness of fit of clusters to the original data was determined using cophenetic correlations (Stanton et al. 1994). Heterogenity test (x2) (Mead et al. 1993), was performed for chiasma distribution among different populations of each species and also between different species of Bunium. Results and discussion Karyological details are presented in Table 1. In Bunium persicum (2n = 14) and B. Fig. 1. Somatic chromosomes. 1. Bunium cylindricum (Bardsir), 2. B. cylindricum (Koohpaye), 3. B. persicum (Bardsir), 4. B. chaerophylloids (Kerman), 5. B. persicum Koohpaye), 6. B. cylindricum (Mahan).

3 1996 Cytological Studies in Iran Zira 21 cylindricum (2n = 20), the first chromosome pair, in Bunium chaerophylloids (2n = 12) and Cuminum cyminum (2n= 14), the second chromosome pair and in Carum carvi (2n = 20), chromosome pairs 3, 4 and 8, carried secondary constrictions on their short arms. Though populations of the species studied possessed uniform chromosome numbers, variations with regard to morphology of the chromosomes were noticed (Table 1, Figs. 1, 2). Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation for total chromosome length was >0.9 in all the species. However, this value became much lower for length of long arms ( ), length of short arms ( ), and 1/s ratios ( ). Fig. 2. Somatic chromosomes. 1. Bunium persicum (Baft), 2. Bunium persicum (Dehbekri), 3. Carum carvi (Shahrood), 4. Cuminum cyminum (Mahan), 5. Cuminum cyminum (Neishaboor), 6. Cuminum cyminum (Ferdos), 7. B. persicum (Mashhad), 8. Cuminum cyminum (T. Jam).

4 22 Masoud Sheidai, Parichehre Ahmadian and Shahram Poorseyedy Cytologia 61 Cuminum cyminum Bunium cylindricum Bunium chaerophylloids Bunium persi cum Carum carvi Fig. 3. Representative ideograms of species studied. Table 2. Meiotic analysis regarding chiasma formation and chromosomal association in species studied

5 1996 Cytological Studies in Iran Zira 23 Higher correlation values for total length of chromosomes show homogenity of the populations, while lower values for other parameters indicate occurrance of structural changes of chromosomes among populations and point towards their distinctness. Dendrograms produced by cluster analysis of karyotypic data are presented in Fig. 3. In B. persicum populations 2 and 5 were the most similar, followed by population 4. In B. cylidricum, populations 2 and 3, and in Cuminum cyminum populations 3 and 4 were the most similar. Cophenetic values obtained from cluster analysis when compared with original data, produced cophenetic correlations >0.8 indicating a good fit (Stanton et al. 1994). Different methods of cluster analysis like: UPGMA, single linkage method and complete linkage method, produced the same results, indicating distinctness of clusters (Rolf 1988). Meiotic analysis are presented in Table 2. In B. persicum population 4 was the only one forming univalents in metaphase-i. All the others formed ring and rod bivalents without any multivalent association (Fig. 4). Anaphase segregation was normal in all the species and no laggard or micronucleous was formed. Hence those univalents would have moved properly to their respective poles. Heterogenity test for chiasma distribution among different populations of the species studied showed lack of heterogenity. The values obtained were 0.45 for B. persicum, for B. persicum and 0.05 for Cuminum cyminum populations. All are nonsignificant at 0.05 level. Heterogenity test for chiasma distribution between B. persicum and B. cylindricum showed lack of heterogenity too (x2= 0.59). Present study indicates the role of polyploidy in evolution of Bunium and possible role played by structural changes of chromosomes. These changes are also evident among different populations of these species, which may be due to local adaptations. However such genomic differences may be used for further breeding purposes. Fig. 4. Dendrograms produced from UPGMA cluster analysis among populations.

6 24 Masoud Sheidai, Parichehre Ahmadian and Shahram Poorseyedy Cytologia 61 Fig. 5. Microsporocytes. 1. Cuminum cyminum (T. Jam), 2. Cuminum cyminum (Mahan), 3. Cuminum cyminum (Ferdos), 4. Carum carvi (Shahrood), 5. Bunium cylindricum (Bardsir), 6. Cuminum cyminum (Neishaboor), 7. Bunium cylindricum (Mahan), 8. Bunium persicum (Bardsir). Chromosome counts reported here for B. cylindricum and B. chaerophylloids support those of Vasileva et al. (1985), but size of the longest and shortest chromosomes as well as symmetry index in second species is different from his. This may be due to structural changes as suggested earlier.

7 1996 Cytological Studies in Iran Zira 25 Summary Cytological studies were carried out in zira of Iran, comprising Bunium persicum, B. cylidricum, B. chaerophylloids, Cuminum cyminum and Carum carvi. Somatic chromosome number determined were 2n =14, 20, 12 and 14 respectively. High coefficient of correlation for total chromosome length indicated presence of a homogenous group. However low correlation values for short arm length, long arm length and 1/s ratio indicate occurrence of structural changes of chromosomes, among different populations of each species. Cluster analysis of karyotypic data showed similarity between some of the populations. Cophenetic correlations obtained from comparisions of clusters with original data showed a good fit of analysis. Different method of clustering produced the same results, indicating distinctness of clusters. Meiotic analysis with regard to chiasma distribution showed lack of heterogenity among different populations and between the species studied. References Forni-Martins, E. R., Franchi-Tanibata, M. and Cardelli-de-Lucena, A Karyotypes of species of Sesbania Scop. Cytologia. 59: Mead, R., Curnow, R. N. and Hasted, A. M Statistical Methods in Agriculture and Experimental Biology. Sec. Ed. Chapman and Hall. Rolf, F. J NYSYS-pc. Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System for the IBM PC Microcomputer (and compatibles). ver Applied biostatistics Inc. Salimuddin, R. B Internal variation for chromatin content in Lentil (Lens). News letters. Breed. Gene. Meerut. Univ. 19: 3-8. Sheidai, M. and Inamdar, A. C. 1992a. Multiple aneuploidy and polysomaty in Asparagus officinalis L. The nucleus. 35: b. Polyploidy in the genus Asparagus L. The nucleous. 35: Stanton, M. A., Stewart, J. McD., Percival, A. E. and Wendel, J. F Morphological diversity and relationships in the A-genome cottons, Gossypium arboreum and G. herbaceum. Crop. Sci. 34: Vasileva, E. Kijujkou, U. and M. G. Pimenov Karyotaxonomic analysis of the genus Bunium (Umbelliferae). Plant. Sys. Evolution. 149: