Sound 1 -- Microphones

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Sound 1 -- Microphones"

Transcription

1 Sound 1 -- Microphones 1

2 Sound 1 Microphones Sound 1 -- Microphones 2

3 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Sound 1 -- Microphones 3

4 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Operating Principle Sound 1 -- Microphones 4

5 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Sound 1 -- Microphones 5

6 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Directional Characteristic Sound 1 -- Microphones 6

7 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Directional Characteristic -- How does the microphone respond to sound arriving from different directions? Sound 1 -- Microphones 7

8 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Sound 1 -- Microphones 8

9 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Sound 1 -- Microphones 9

10 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Sound 1 -- Microphones 10

11 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo (piezo-electric) Sound 1 -- Microphones 11

12 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic Sound 1 -- Microphones 12

13 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic (moving coil) Sound 1 -- Microphones 13

14 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic Ribbon Sound 1 -- Microphones 14

15 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic Ribbon Condenser Sound 1 -- Microphones 15

16 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic Ribbon Condenser (capacitor) Sound 1 -- Microphones 16

17 Carbon Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 17

18 Carbon Microphone: The movement of the diaphragm compresses carbon granules, varying the electrical current. Sound 1 -- Microphones 18

19 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 19

20 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Sound 1 -- Microphones 20

21 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Sound 1 -- Microphones 21

22 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 22

23 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Disadvantages: Requires external power source Sound 1 -- Microphones 23

24 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Disadvantages: Requires external power source Limited frequency range Sound 1 -- Microphones 24

25 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Disadvantages: Requires external power source Limited frequency range Limited sensitivity Sound 1 -- Microphones 25

26 Carbon Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 26

27 Piezo-electric Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 27

28 Piezo-electric Microphone: The movement of the diaphragm bends a crystalline materiel, varying the electrical current generated. (Same principle as a BBQ starter wand.) Sound 1 -- Microphones 28

29 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 29

30 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Sound 1 -- Microphones 30

31 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 31

32 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Disadvantages: Fragile Sound 1 -- Microphones 32

33 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Disadvantages: Fragile High electrical impedance limits cable length Sound 1 -- Microphones 33

34 Piezo-electric Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 34

35 Dynamic Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 35

36 Dynamic Microphone: The movement of the diaphragm causes a small coil of wire to move in a magnetic field, varying the electrical current generated. (Same principle as bicycle dynamo.) Sound 1 -- Microphones 36

37 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 37

38 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Sound 1 -- Microphones 38

39 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 39

40 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Susceptible to external magnetic fields (hum) Sound 1 -- Microphones 40

41 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Susceptible to external magnetic fields (hum) Magnet is heavy Sound 1 -- Microphones 41

42 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Susceptible to external magnetic fields (hum) Magnet is heavy Magnetic shielding is heavy Sound 1 -- Microphones 42

43 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Susceptible to external magnetic fields (hum) Magnet is heavy Magnetic shielding is heavy Inertia of coil limits sensitivity Sound 1 -- Microphones 43

44 Dynamic Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 44

45 Ribbon Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 45

46 Ribbon Microphone: The movement of the ribbon within a magnetic field varies the electrical current generated. Sound 1 -- Microphones 46

47 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 47

48 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Good high frequency response Sound 1 -- Microphones 48

49 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Good high frequency response Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 49

50 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Good high frequency response Disadvantages: Fragile to mechanical shock, wind, voice pops Sound 1 -- Microphones 50

51 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Good high frequency response Disadvantages: Fragile to mechanical shock, wind, voice pops Very low electrical impedance requires transformer Sound 1 -- Microphones 51

52 Ribbon Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 52

53 Condenser Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 53

54 Condenser Microphone: The movement of the charged diaphragm causes a change in electrical capacitance, varying the electrical current generated. Sound 1 -- Microphones 54

55 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 55

56 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light Sound 1 -- Microphones 56

57 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity Sound 1 -- Microphones 57

58 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Sound 1 -- Microphones 58

59 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Can be made small Sound 1 -- Microphones 59

60 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Can be made small Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 60

61 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Can be made small Disadvantages: Requires external voltage source Sound 1 -- Microphones 61

62 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Can be made small Disadvantages: Requires external voltage source Expensive to manufacture Sound 1 -- Microphones 62

63 Condenser Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 63

64 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 64

65 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Sound 1 -- Microphones 65

66 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Not directional Sound 1 -- Microphones 66

67 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Not directional Diaphragm only exposed on one side (front) Sound 1 -- Microphones 67

68 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Not directional Diaphragm only exposed on one side (front) Sensitive only to pressure variation Sound 1 -- Microphones 68

69 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Not directional Diaphragm only exposed on one side (front) Sensitive only to absolute pressure variation Pressure microphone Sound 1 -- Microphones 69

70 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Sound 1 -- Microphones 70

71 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Sound 1 -- Microphones 71

72 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Diaphragm exposed on both sides (front and back) Sound 1 -- Microphones 72

73 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Diaphragm exposed on both sides (front and back) Sensitive to difference in pressure between front and back Sound 1 -- Microphones 73

74 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Diaphragm exposed on both sides (front and back) Sensitive to difference in pressure between front and back Pressure gradient microphone Sound 1 -- Microphones 74

75 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Sound 1 -- Microphones 75

76 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Responds to sound from front and back Sound 1 -- Microphones 76

77 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Responds to sound from front and back Rejects sound from sides Sound 1 -- Microphones 77

78 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 78

79 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 79

80 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 80

81 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 81

82 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 82

83 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 83

84 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 84

85 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 85

86 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 86

87 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 87

88 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 88

89 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 89

90 Directional Characteristics: Distance Factor: Sound 1 -- Microphones 90

91 Directional Characteristics: Distance Factor: Microphones with higher distance factor can work farther from source. Sound 1 -- Microphones 91

92 Directional Characteristics: 3:1 Rule: Sound 1 -- Microphones 92

93 Directional Characteristics: 3:1 Rule: Microphones should never be placed closer together than three times the distance between mic and source. Sound 1 -- Microphones 93

94 Directional Characteristics: 3:1 Rule: Microphones should never be placed closer together than three times the distance between mic and source, to prevent comb-filtering. Sound 1 -- Microphones 94

95 Proximity Effect: Sound 1 -- Microphones 95

96 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones Sound 1 -- Microphones 96

97 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones exhibit a boost in bass (low frequencies) when working close. Sound 1 -- Microphones 97

98 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones exhibit a boost in bass (low frequencies) when working close. 2 feet Sound 1 -- Microphones 98

99 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones exhibit a boost in bass (low frequencies) when working close. 2 inches Sound 1 -- Microphones 99

100 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones exhibit a boost in bass (low frequencies) when working close. ¼ inch Sound 1 -- Microphones 100

101 Boundary Effect: Sound 1 -- Microphones 101

102 Boundary Effect: 1. Sound waves reflected from the floor or other surface cause phase cancellation at some frequency. Sound 1 -- Microphones 102

103 Boundary Effect: 1. Sound waves reflected from the floor or other surface cause phase cancellation at some frequency. 2. The closer to a surface the microphone is mounted, the higher the frequency at which the phase cancellation takes place. Sound 1 -- Microphones 103

104 Boundary Effect: 1. Sound waves reflected from the floor or other surface cause phase cancellation at some frequency. 2. The closer to a surface the microphone is mounted, the higher the frequency at which the phase cancellation takes place. 3. With the microphone mounted close to or directly on a large surface, any phase cancellation occurs at frequencies beyond the limit of hearing. Sound 1 -- Microphones 104

105 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: Sound 1 -- Microphones 105

106 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible Sound 1 -- Microphones 106

107 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible doubling of SPL since direct and reflected sound waves add. (+6 db) Sound 1 -- Microphones 107

108 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible doubling of SPL since direct and reflected sound waves add. (+6 db) reverberation caused by surface eliminated at mic (direct to reverberant ratio improved by 3dB) Sound 1 -- Microphones 108

109 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible doubling of SPL since direct and reflected sound waves add. (+6 db) reverberation caused by surface eliminated at mic (direct to reverberant ratio improved by 3dB mic sounds closer) Sound 1 -- Microphones 109

110 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible doubling of SPL since direct and reflected sound waves add. (+6 db) reverberation caused by surface eliminated at mic (direct to reverberant ratio improved by 3dB mic sounds closer) overall improvement of 9dB Sound 1 -- Microphones 110

111 Boundary Effect: Sound 1 -- Microphones 111

112 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 112

113 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 113

114 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 114

115 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 115

116 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 116

MANUAL ENGLISH. Ordercode: D3423/D3423W. Highlite International B.V. Vestastraat EX Kerkrade the Netherlands

MANUAL ENGLISH. Ordercode: D3423/D3423W. Highlite International B.V. Vestastraat EX Kerkrade the Netherlands MANUAL ENGLISH Xi-6 V1 Highlite International B.V. Vestastraat 2 6468 EX Kerkrade the Netherlands Table of contents Warning... 2 Safety Instructions... 2 Operating Determinations... 3 Return Procedure...

More information

CM-95 ORDERCODE D1355 Highlite International B.V.

CM-95 ORDERCODE D1355 Highlite International B.V. CM-95 ORDERCODE D1355 Highlite International B.V. Vestastraat 2 6468 EX Kerkrade The Netherlands Congratulations! You have bought a great, innovative product from DAP Audio. The DAP Audio CM-95 brings

More information

Analytical Balance. Force, Motion & Sound Measurement. Platform Scale. Proving Ring. Homework: Example 8.1 (Holman)

Analytical Balance. Force, Motion & Sound Measurement. Platform Scale. Proving Ring. Homework: Example 8.1 (Holman) Analytical Balance Force, Motion & Sound Measurement Prof. Dr. M. Zahurul Haq zahurul@me.buet.ac.bd http://teacher.buet.ac.bd/zahurul/ Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering

More information

AtlasSound.com 1/5 FAP82T. Strategy Series II 8" In-Ceiling Speaker System FAP82T. FAP82T (Pendulum Eyebolt & Phoenix / Euro Style Connector) Features

AtlasSound.com 1/5 FAP82T. Strategy Series II 8 In-Ceiling Speaker System FAP82T. FAP82T (Pendulum Eyebolt & Phoenix / Euro Style Connector) Features Strategy Series II 8" In-Ceiling Speaker System Specifications Woofer Size 8" (203mm) Woofer Impedance 8Ω Direct Coupled (Nominal) Transformer Taps 1.9, 3.8, 7.5, 15, 30, & 60 Watts & 8Ω Bypass Power Handling

More information

Measurement, Prediction, and Reduction of High Frequency Aerodynamic Noise Generated and Radiated from Surfaces of Various Textures and Impedance

Measurement, Prediction, and Reduction of High Frequency Aerodynamic Noise Generated and Radiated from Surfaces of Various Textures and Impedance Measurement, Prediction, and Reduction of High Frequency Aerodynamic Noise Generated and Radiated from Surfaces of Various Textures and Impedance By Paul Donavan William Blake April 27 28, 2017 Problem:

More information

SPEAKER SC-COBRA

SPEAKER SC-COBRA SPEAKER-1115-3.5-SC-COBRA The 11x15x3.5 mm rectangular COBRA speaker is a high end miniature speaker specifically designed for portable consumer devices, such as music phones, smartphones or tablet computers

More information

Techniques for Detection of Surface Defects in Tubing and Pipe

Techniques for Detection of Surface Defects in Tubing and Pipe FOERSTER INSTRUMENTS I N C O R P O R A T E D Techniques for Detection of Surface Defects in Tubing and Pipe By: Ronald B Peoples Foerster Instruments Inc. ASNT Level III Certificate # MM-1322 140 INDUSTRY

More information

General information Keep this manual with the product or in a safe place so that it is available for future reference.

General information Keep this manual with the product or in a safe place so that it is available for future reference. E E6 Manual 1.1 en General information E6 Manual Version: 1.1 en, 09/2017, D2606.EN.01 Copyright 2017 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe place

More information

place to compare all our microphones with

place to compare all our microphones with LEWITT GmbH Mooslackengasse 17, 1090 Vienna // AUSTRIA info@lewitt-audio.com www.lewitt-audio.com www.facebook.com/lewitt.audio The LEWITT Sound Booth is the perfect place to compare all our microphones

More information

Introduction to Acoustics

Introduction to Acoustics Introduction to Acoustics Absorption Have you walked into a racquetball court and heard the echo as the ball strikes the wall? Or have you been in the country with snow on the ground and noticed how quiet

More information

J J-SUBManual 2.2 en

J J-SUBManual 2.2 en J J-SUB Manual 2.2 en General information J-SUB Manual Version: 2.2 en, 03/2016, D2982.EN.02 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe

More information

J-INFRA Manual 2.2 en

J-INFRA Manual 2.2 en J J-INFRA Manual 2.2 en General information J-INFRA Manual Version: 2.2 en, 03/2016, D2984.EN.02 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a

More information

Comparing Renewable Energy Sources

Comparing Renewable Energy Sources Section 1 - Supply and Demand Fossil Fuels At present our main sources of energy are the fossil fuels. These are coal, oil and gas. Fossil fuels are the remains of plants and animals that died millions

More information

E E4/E5Manual 1.4 en

E E4/E5Manual 1.4 en E E4/E5 Manual 1.4 en General information E4/E5 Manual Version: 1.4 en, 03/2016, D2616.EN.01 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe

More information

V8/V12 Manual (1.5 EN)

V8/V12 Manual (1.5 EN) V8/V12 Manual (1.5 EN) General information V8/V12 Manual Version: 1.5 EN, 08/2012, D2700.EN.01 Copyright 2012 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe

More information

UNIT 5 High Energy Rate Forming (HERF) Processes

UNIT 5 High Energy Rate Forming (HERF) Processes UNIT 5 High Energy Rate Forming (HERF) Processes Introduction: The forming processes are affected by the rates of strain used. Effects of strain rates during forming: 1. The flow stress increases with

More information

V V-SUBManual 1.4 en

V V-SUBManual 1.4 en V V-SUB Manual 1.4 en General information V-SUB Manual Version: 1.4 en, 10/2016, D2701.EN.01 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe

More information

EMPOWERMR INJECTOR SYSTEM SITE SURVEY AND SITE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS ACIST Medical Systems, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN 55344 Phone: 952-941-3507 Fax: 952-941-4648 EmpowerMR Site Survey Document 900953-001

More information

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR SURFACE MOUNT PAD

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR SURFACE MOUNT PAD INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR SURFACE MOUNT PAD MODEL GL-SM8-B DATE ISSUED 2007 GOODLIN SYSTEMS INC. www.goodlinsys.com CONTENTS Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------

More information

Chapter 11. Measurement of Temparature. Oxford University Press All rights reserved.

Chapter 11. Measurement of Temparature. Oxford University Press All rights reserved. Chapter 11 Measurement of Temparature Introduction Temperature can be defined as a condition of a body by virtue of which heat is transferred from one system to another. A comparison between Kelvin, Celsius,

More information

Owner's manual. Z-series

Owner's manual. Z-series Owner's manual Z-series Class D, Sound Quality, Bass Amplifier Before operating the unit, please read this manual throughly and retain it for future reference. Protect your Investment Note your information

More information

AN-S2 MOVING COIL STEP UP TRANSFORMER OWNER S INFORMATION

AN-S2 MOVING COIL STEP UP TRANSFORMER OWNER S INFORMATION AN-S2 MOVING COIL STEP UP TRANSFORMER OWNER S INFORMATION CONTENTS 1) IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION 2) CE DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY DISPOSAL POWER REQUIREMENTS 3) INTRODUCTION 4) GENERAL INFORMATION 5)

More information

xs 4S/5SManual 1.4 en

xs 4S/5SManual 1.4 en xs 4S/5S Manual 1.4 en General information 4S/5S Manual Version: 1.4 en, 10/2016, D2607.EN.01 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe

More information

1 29SEP03 ALL General update with miscellaneous changes in entire document.

1 29SEP03 ALL General update with miscellaneous changes in entire document. REVISION RECORD SECTION 16461 Dry-Type Transformers (600 V and Less) REV DATE PAGE PARA NO. DESCRIPTION APPROVED BY 28SEP01 ALL Initial issue. 1 29SEP03 ALL General update with miscellaneous changes in

More information

Ceramic Tile, LATICRETE 253 Gold Mortar and LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat on 6 Inch Concrete Slabs. Page 1 of 5. CONDUCTED: 1 May 2008

Ceramic Tile, LATICRETE 253 Gold Mortar and LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat on 6 Inch Concrete Slabs. Page 1 of 5. CONDUCTED: 1 May 2008 FOR: LATICRETE International, Inc. Bethany, CT Floor Covering Impact Reduction Test ON: Ceramic Tile, LATICRETE 253 Gold Mortar and LATICRETE 170 Sound & Crack Isolation Mat on 6 Inch Concrete Slabs Page

More information

Passive Components Business. Hiroyuki Uemura Executive Vice President

Passive Components Business. Hiroyuki Uemura Executive Vice President Passive Components Business Hiroyuki Uemura Executive Vice President -1- Passive components business - points of main products セラミックコンデンサ Capacitor Ceramic Capacitor Completed sites consolidation worldwide

More information

EXTREME. When the heat and pressure are on NONCONTACT POSITION AND PRESSURE MEASURING SYSTEMS

EXTREME. When the heat and pressure are on NONCONTACT POSITION AND PRESSURE MEASURING SYSTEMS NONCONTACT POSITION AND PRESSURE MEASURING SYSTEMS When the heat and pressure are on For applications requiring high accuracy, reliability, structural integrity. Operating temperatures from -320 F to +1000

More information

V V-SUBManual 1.3 en

V V-SUBManual 1.3 en V V-SUB Manual 1.3 en General information V-SUB Manual Version: 1.3 en, 09/2015, D2701.EN.01 Copyright 2015 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe

More information

Some Investigations on the Sound Field (Sound Propagation) Measurement in a Rectangular Room

Some Investigations on the Sound Field (Sound Propagation) Measurement in a Rectangular Room International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 097-315 Volume, Number (013), pp. 7-9 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Some Investigations on the Sound

More information

P2 Revision Questions

P2 Revision Questions P2 Revision Questions Part 1 Question 1 What is an alternating current? Answer 1 Where electrons move backwards and forwards across a point (not in one direction) Question 2 What is a direct current? Answer

More information

44XT Titanium Compression Driver (patented)

44XT Titanium Compression Driver (patented) P E A V E Y E L E C T R O N I C S 44XT Titanium Compression Driver (patented) Throat Diameter: Standard: 2 (50.8 mm) Optional: 1.6 (40.6 mm) supplied without throat extension Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms

More information

Metal Composite Type Power Choke Coils

Metal Composite Type Power Choke Coils ETQ-PM Series Inductor Product Guide Metal Composite Type Power Choke Coils AEC-Q200 Compliant For Use In Harsh Environments Vibration Resistance of 10G ~ 30G (5Hz 2kHz) Maximum Operating Temperature of

More information

V V8/V12Manual 1.7 en

V V8/V12Manual 1.7 en V V8/V12 Manual 1.7 en General information V8/V12 Manual Version: 1.7 en, 10/2016, D2700.EN.01 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe

More information

600 Volt Class Transformers

600 Volt Class Transformers Transformers 11 11 Table of Contents - Transformers Page Full Load Current Tables... 12 General Information, Standards, Testing... 13 Selection and Application Considerations... 14 Transformer Descriptions

More information

Y7P/Y10P Manual 1.2 en

Y7P/Y10P Manual 1.2 en Y Y7P/Y10P Manual 1.2 en General information Y7P/Y10P Manual Version: 1.2 en, 03/2016, D2710.EN.01 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in

More information

Gerber M Series Site Requirements

Gerber M Series Site Requirements Gerber M Series Site Requirements Preparing for the arrival of your new machine. P rior to the arrival of your Gerber M Series Cutting System there are certain things you can prepare to facilitate a quick

More information

General information Keep this document with the product or in a safe place so that it is available for future reference.

General information Keep this document with the product or in a safe place so that it is available for future reference. E E6 Manual 1.2 en General information E6 Manual Version: 1.2 en, 10/2018, D2606.EN.01 Copyright 2018 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this document with the product or in a safe place

More information

INSTALLATION & OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS ICW-3 WINDOW INTERCOM

INSTALLATION & OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS ICW-3 WINDOW INTERCOM INSTALLATION & OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS ICW-3 WINDOW INTERCOM 9350-7686-000 Rev. H 08/2004 TRADEMARKS AudioCom is a registered trademark of Telex Communications. Names of other products mentioned herein

More information

Thin Film Circuit Substrate(RUSUB TM )

Thin Film Circuit Substrate(RUSUB TM ) Note Please read rating and CAUTION (for storage, operating, rating, soldering, mounting and handling) in this catalog to prevent smoking and/or burning, etc. Thin Film Circuit Substrate(RUSUB TM ) RU

More information

Prediction and control of motorcycle engine noise under combustion load. Ulhas Mohite Niket Bhatia

Prediction and control of motorcycle engine noise under combustion load. Ulhas Mohite Niket Bhatia Prediction and control of motorcycle engine noise under combustion load Ulhas Mohite Niket Bhatia 1 Contents Introduction Brief procedure of acoustic analysis Acoustic analysis of engine to predict Sound

More information

B B6-SUBManual 1.2 en

B B6-SUBManual 1.2 en B B6-SUB Manual 1.2 en General information B6-SUB Manual Version: 1.2 en, 04/2016, D2716.EN.01 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe

More information

1 The International Space Station (ISS) has several solar panels called wings. The wings convert energy from the Sun into a form useful in the ISS.

1 The International Space Station (ISS) has several solar panels called wings. The wings convert energy from the Sun into a form useful in the ISS. 1 The International Space Station (ISS) has several solar panels called wings. The wings convert energy from the Sun into a form useful in the ISS. (a) The energy reaching the ISS from the Sun is carried

More information

24S/24S-D Manual 1.1 en

24S/24S-D Manual 1.1 en xs 24S/24S-D Manual 1.1 en General information 24S/24S-D Manual Version: 1.1 en, 10/2016, D2624.EN.01 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or

More information

The Master of IEEE Projects. LeMenizInfotech. 36, 100 Feet Road, Natesan Nagar, Near Indira Gandhi Statue, Pondicherry

The Master of IEEE Projects. LeMenizInfotech. 36, 100 Feet Road, Natesan Nagar, Near Indira Gandhi Statue, Pondicherry Grid-Connected PV-Wind-Battery based Multi-Input Transformer Coupled Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for household Applications Introduction: Rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, ever increasing energy

More information

EIS Materials Workshop - Building a Semi-Anechoic Room

EIS Materials Workshop - Building a Semi-Anechoic Room EIS Materials Workshop - Building a Semi-Anechoic Room Alan Bennetts Some thoughts on design, build and selection of materials 6/30/2006 BAY SYSTEMS - alan.bennetts@btopenworld.com tel. 01 458 860 393

More information

ADVANTAGES OF USING BERYLLIUM DIAPHRAGM COMPRESSION DRIVERS

ADVANTAGES OF USING BERYLLIUM DIAPHRAGM COMPRESSION DRIVERS ADVANTAGES OF USING BERYLLIUM DIAPHRAGM A MATERION PRODUCT BRIEF Delivering Smart Solutions Summary The audio industry has used titanium and aluminum for the diaphragms of compression drivers for years.

More information

Multi-Level VW Piezometer

Multi-Level VW Piezometer Multi-Level VW Piezometer 52611199 Copyright 2013 DGSI. All Rights Reserved. This equipment should be installed, maintained, and operated by technically qualified personnel. Any errors or omissions in

More information

ACOUSTIC TREATMENT. 1 Reverberation. Inside a given internally reflective enclosure, the human ear receives:

ACOUSTIC TREATMENT. 1 Reverberation. Inside a given internally reflective enclosure, the human ear receives: ACOUSTIC TREATMENT Acoustic Treatment addresses the quality, intelligibility and level of sound INSIDE a room and has nothing to do with how much internal sound is or is not heard outside the given room,

More information

General information Keep this manual with the product or in a safe place so that it is available for future reference.

General information Keep this manual with the product or in a safe place so that it is available for future reference. xs 8S Manual 1.2 en General information 8S Manual Version: 1.2 en, 02/2016, D2608.EN.01 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe place

More information

Overview of Temperature Measurement. The Big Three Thermocouples Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD s) Thermistors

Overview of Temperature Measurement. The Big Three Thermocouples Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD s) Thermistors Temperature Measurement Engr325 Instrumentation Dr Curtis Nelson Overview of Temperature Measurement The Big Three Thermocouples Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD s) Thermistors Smaller Players Infrared

More information

Extreme Environment SENSOR DATA SHEET kamansensors.com. For high pressure, low temperature, and high temperature applications

Extreme Environment SENSOR DATA SHEET kamansensors.com. For high pressure, low temperature, and high temperature applications For high pressure, low temperature, and high temperature applications 800-552-6267 kamansensors.com FEATURES > For applications requiring high accuracy, high reliability, and structural integrity. > Operating

More information

S E N S O R D A T A S H E E T. Extreme Environment. For high pressure, low temperature, and high temperature applications

S E N S O R D A T A S H E E T. Extreme Environment. For high pressure, low temperature, and high temperature applications For high pressure, low temperature, and high temperature applications F E A T U R E S > For applications requiring high accuracy, high reliability, and structural integrity. > Operating temperatures from

More information

= +25 C, Vdd= 4V [1], Idd = 60mA [2]

= +25 C, Vdd= 4V [1], Idd = 60mA [2] HMC-ALH4 Typical Applications This HMC-ALH4 is ideal for: Features Noise Figure: 4 db Point-to-Point Radios Point-to-Multi-Point Radios VSAT SATCOM Functional Diagram Gain:.5 db PdB Output Power: +5 dbm

More information

COMPARISON AMONG METHODS TO MEASURE THE SOUND INSULATION OF BUILDING FAÇADES

COMPARISON AMONG METHODS TO MEASURE THE SOUND INSULATION OF BUILDING FAÇADES PACS: 43.55.Rg, 43..X. U. Berardi DAU Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70 Bari, Italy Tel-Fax (+39) 05 9 1 E-mail: u.berardi@poliba.it COMPARISON AMONG METHODS TO MEASURE THE SOUND INSULATION OF BUILDING

More information

USER MANUAL DNG-2300

USER MANUAL DNG-2300 USER MANUAL DNG-2300 INTRODUCTION ACOUSTIC EAVESDROPPING Thank you very much for purchasing the DNG-2300 digital noise generator. The DNG-2300 is designed to prevent listening though devices that cannot

More information

Hybrid Power Generation System (Wind, Solar and Sound Energy)

Hybrid Power Generation System (Wind, Solar and Sound Energy) International Journal of Education and Science Research Review E-ISSN 2348-6457 Volume-3, Issue-2 April- 2016 Hybrid Power Generation System (Wind, Solar and Sound Energy) Mohd. Suhaib Abbasi, Mayank Sharma,

More information

ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10140-5 First edition 2010-09-01 Acoustics Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements Part 5: Requirements for test facilities and equipment Acoustique Mesurage

More information

CELLO, LTD. SERAFIN ACTIVE SPEAKERS OWNER'S MANUAL

CELLO, LTD. SERAFIN ACTIVE SPEAKERS OWNER'S MANUAL CELLO, LTD. SERAFIN ACTIVE SPEAKERS OWNER'S MANUAL Serial Number Table of Contents Page Introduction... 1 Product Concept and Description... 1 Application... 2 Compatibility... 2 Finish... 2 Unpacking...

More information

What's new *** LFP battery 5 year warranty *** *** BT-3 Bluetooth Receiver ***

What's new *** LFP battery 5 year warranty *** *** BT-3 Bluetooth Receiver *** ***** ****** What's new *** LFP battery 5 year warranty *** *** BT-3 Bluetooth Receiver *** Sound Machine Portable Sound System See discounted Sound Machine package pricing on page 5-8 SM-5 Sound Machine

More information

Yi8/Yi12 Manual 1.3 en

Yi8/Yi12 Manual 1.3 en Y Yi8/Yi12 Manual 1.3 en General information Yi8/Yi12 Manual Version: 1.3 en, 10/2018, D2713.EN.01 Copyright 2018 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this document with the product or in

More information

2 Ohm Nominal Component Speaker System OWNER S MANUAL

2 Ohm Nominal Component Speaker System OWNER S MANUAL 2 Ohm Nominal Component Speaker System OWNER S MANUAL 1 page 1 SPL 60 Component Speaker System Congratulations on your purchase of the Soundstream SPL 60 Component Speaker System. When used with a high

More information

Raceway and Boxes for Electrical Systems Page 1 of 7

Raceway and Boxes for Electrical Systems Page 1 of 7 Last Update: May 12, 2017 A. Conduits: Page 1 of 7 1. All conductors for each and every electrical system shall be installed in a raceway except communications and A/V systems which shall have stubs to

More information

Wind Energy Ordinances

Wind Energy Ordinances INFORMATION GUIDE: Wind Energy Ordinances Wind turbines are multiplying across the U.S., and most are installed in rural areas overlooking crops, cattle, timber, and lakes. Rural communities have experienced

More information

Owner's manual. ZX-series

Owner's manual. ZX-series Owner's manual ZX-series Competition CLASS A/B Class A/B Competition SQ Amplifier When too much just isn't quite enough Before operating the unit, please read this manual throughly and retain it for future

More information

The Crystal. 02 Crystal

The Crystal. 02 Crystal CRYSTAL The Crystal Crystalline structures exist throughout nature and often exhibit immense beauty. But even the most sought after of all precious gems, the diamond, first needs to be formed from common

More information

A. This Section includes the following types of dry-type transformers rated 600 V and less, with capacities up to 1000 kva:

A. This Section includes the following types of dry-type transformers rated 600 V and less, with capacities up to 1000 kva: SECTION 16461 - LOW-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification

More information

Pad and Pad/Transformer Modules

Pad and Pad/Transformer Modules Telecommunications Group Section 041-200-203 Equipment Issue 3 Second Printing, November 2001 412-00 Pad and 412-01 Pad/Transformer Modules CONTENTS PAGE Part 1. GENERAL.............................................................................

More information

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS Page 1 of 6 GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS WORKING PRINCIPLE The working principle for metal resistance thermometers, normally called thermo resistances, is based on the variation of

More information

Changing Forms of Energy Prep Time: 15 minutes Teaching Time: 3 hours

Changing Forms of Energy Prep Time: 15 minutes Teaching Time: 3 hours Prep Time: 15 minutes Teaching Time: 3 hours Science Concept: Energy can be transformed. Objectives: The student will: identify and explain common energy transformations; record observations; and write

More information

J J8/J12Manual 2.2 en

J J8/J12Manual 2.2 en J J8/J12 Manual 2.2 en General information J8/J12 Manual Version: 2.2 en, 03/2016, D2980.EN.02 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a safe

More information

B22-SUB Manual 1.1 en

B22-SUB Manual 1.1 en B B22-SUB Manual 1.1 en General information B22-SUB Manual Version: 1.1 en, 11/2015, D2729.EN.01 Copyright 2015 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a

More information

Owner's manual SAX-1200D SAZ-1500D SAZ-2500D SAZ-3500D

Owner's manual SAX-1200D SAZ-1500D SAZ-2500D SAZ-3500D Owner's manual SAX-1200D SAZ-1500D SAZ-2500D SAZ-3500D Congratulations on your purchase of a Sundown Audio high performance car audio amplifier. Your new amplifier has been built to the highest standards

More information

B22-SUB Manual 1.2 en

B22-SUB Manual 1.2 en B B22-SUB Manual 1.2 en General information B22-SUB Manual Version: 1.2 en, 03/2016, D2729.EN.01 Copyright 2016 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or in a

More information

TECHNICAL SUPPORT MANUAL Fan Coils FSM2X, FSM4X

TECHNICAL SUPPORT MANUAL Fan Coils FSM2X, FSM4X Fan Coils FSM2X, FSM4X DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, and NOTE The signal words DANGER, WARNING, CAU- TION, and NOTE are used to identify levels of hazard seriousness. The signal word DANGER is only used on

More information

Gerber. Scientific Products. Dear Gerber Sabre Customer:

Gerber. Scientific Products. Dear Gerber Sabre Customer: Gerber Scientific Products 151 Batson Drive, Manchester, CT 06040 (860) 643-1515 Dear Gerber Sabre Customer: Thank you for purchasing the Sabre, Gerber Scientific Products advanced, high-speed, three-dimensional

More information

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Goals ᄏᄏ ᄏᄏ ᄏᄏ Assemble a vertical-axis wind turbine Modify it to change its efficiency Make calculations based on data Background Wind turbines are quickly becoming a major source of electricity in countries

More information

This document is a preview generated by EVS

This document is a preview generated by EVS INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10140-1 Second edition 2016-08-15 Acoustics Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements Part 1: Application rules for specific products Acoustique Mesurage

More information

ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT OF EMERGENCY POWER GENERATOR. Dr. M.Abd El Gawad Saif

ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT OF EMERGENCY POWER GENERATOR. Dr. M.Abd El Gawad Saif ICSV14 Cairns Australia 9-12 July, 2007 ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT OF EMERGENCY POWER GENERATOR Dr. M.Abd El Gawad Saif Housing & Building National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt msaifeldin2002@yahoo.com

More information

The Paradigm Case Method of Flowmeter Selection

The Paradigm Case Method of Flowmeter Selection 1 By Jesse Yoder, Overview One of the most interesting developments in the flowmeter market today is the battle between the newer flow technologies and the traditional flowmeters. New-technology flowmeters

More information

VLM10 In-line Vortex Mass Flow Meter

VLM10 In-line Vortex Mass Flow Meter VLM10 In-line Vortex Mass Flow Meter Description The VLM10 in-line vortex flowmeter measures process fluid flow by detecting the frequency at which vortices are shed from an obstruction in the process

More information

PC-PH SERIES BTUH

PC-PH SERIES BTUH C O M I T A L E N A T I O N A L I N C. PC-PH SERIES 7000 18000 BTUH Installation Instructions Comitale National Inc. 1683 B Winchester Road Bensalem, PA 19020 215-244-9650 Fax: 215-244-9679 email: sales@comitalenational.com

More information

VN Series Floor Scale Instruction Manual

VN Series Floor Scale Instruction Manual 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176 Phone 781-665-1400 Toll Free 1-800-517-8431 Visit us at www.testequipmentdepot.com VN Series Floor Scale Instruction Manual VN Series Floor Scale EN-1 INTRODUCTION

More information

Engineering Data for Copper and Aluminum Conductor Electrical Cables

Engineering Data for Copper and Aluminum Conductor Electrical Cables 2018 Edition Engineering Data for Copper and Aluminum Conductor Electrical Cables THE OKONITE COMPANY Okonite Cables...A higher Standard! The Okonite Company, 2018 Okonite Cables Table of Contents SECTION

More information

Owner's manual SAX SAZ-1500D

Owner's manual SAX SAZ-1500D Owner's manual SAX-100.2 Congratulations on your purchase of a Sundown Audio high performance car audio amplifier. Your new amplifier has been built to the highest standards of quality and is intended

More information

DONAU SLIM WP 11x15x3.0 mm SPEAKER

DONAU SLIM WP 11x15x3.0 mm SPEAKER DONAU SLIM WP 11x15x3.0 mm SPEAKER The 11 x 15 x 3.0 mm rectangular speaker is a high end miniature speaker specifically designed for portable devices and smartphones where high quality sound is required.

More information

Weight Measurement Technology

Weight Measurement Technology Weight Measurement Technology 1 Definition of Terms Millivolt 0.001 volts: the unit of measure of output from sensors PSI Pounds per Square Inch: Unit of measurement of stress used in the application of

More information

ICF/Building System FSTC Test Report

ICF/Building System FSTC Test Report REP ICF STC test.doc 1of5 2003 03 12 C/o Michel Philippe IntegraSpec Insulating Concrete Forms (ICF) Building System By: Phil-Insul Corporation 735 Arlington Park Place, 11U Kingston, ON, K7M 8M8 TEL:

More information

SECTION LOW-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

SECTION LOW-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 DESCRIPTION SECTION 26 22 00 SPEC WRITER NOTE: Use this section only for NCA projects. Delete between // // if not applicable to project. Also, delete any other item or paragraph not

More information

x15x3.5 MM SPEAKER. Features:

x15x3.5 MM SPEAKER. Features: 11x15x3.5 MM SPEAKER The 11 x 15 x 3.5 mm rectangular speaker is a high end miniature speaker specifically designed for portable devices, music phones and smartphones where high quality sound is required.

More information

Temperature Uniformity Monitoring: Composite Curing Oven

Temperature Uniformity Monitoring: Composite Curing Oven Temperature Uniformity Monitoring: Composite Curing Oven Challenge Help a leading supplier of advanced composite materials measure the temperature uniformity of curing ovens, allowing them to get up and

More information

Building Isolation Design for Noise Critical Applications

Building Isolation Design for Noise Critical Applications Building Isolation Design for Noise Critical Applications G. P Wilson Wilson, Ihrig & Associates, Inc., 5776 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94618, USA gwilson@wiai.com 2683 Because it is a complex, multi-degree-of-freedom

More information

TDK s Environmental Technologies

TDK s Environmental Technologies TDK s Environmental Technologies Ferrite An Amazing Magnetic Material Ferrite is a magnetic material that was invented in 1930 and was initially used in radios. Today, ferrite is once again in the limelight

More information

Community and Environmental Noise Measurement

Community and Environmental Noise Measurement Community and Environmental Noise Measurement How it differs from Occupation Noise Sampling Lee Hager, COHC, 3M PSD 1 Today s Instructor Lee Hager Past lhager@mmm.com 517-290-1907 Chair AIHA Noise Committee

More information

Performance Rated for Water Loop Applications Cooling capacities : entering air conditions of 80.6ºF db / 66.2º F wb, 86ºF entering water temperature

Performance Rated for Water Loop Applications Cooling capacities : entering air conditions of 80.6ºF db / 66.2º F wb, 86ºF entering water temperature Performance Rated for Water Loop Applications Cooling capacities : entering air conditions of 80.6ºF db / 66.2º F wb, 86ºF entering water temperature Heating capacities : entering air conditions of 68ºF

More information

APPROVED FACILITY SCHOOLS CURRICULUM GUIDE. SUBJECT: Science GRADE: 4 TIMELINE: Quarter 1

APPROVED FACILITY SCHOOLS CURRICULUM GUIDE. SUBJECT: Science GRADE: 4 TIMELINE: Quarter 1 SUBJECT: Science GRADE: 4 TIMELINE: Quarter 1 Physical Science: Energy 4-PS3-1. Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object. I C M I can use evidence

More information

user guide CME4 concrete encounter 06/2014

user guide CME4 concrete encounter 06/2014 user guide 06/2014 CME4 concrete encounter TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...2 How it works...3 Instrument Features...4-6 Working with the CME 4...7-8 Drying time for concrete floors and screeds...7 Pre-test

More information

SLGSL8/GSL12Manual 1.3 en

SLGSL8/GSL12Manual 1.3 en SLGSL8/GSL12 Manual 1.3 en General information GSL8/GSL12 Manual Version: 1.3 en, 06/2018, D2730.EN.01 Copyright 2018 by d&b audiotechnik GmbH; all rights reserved. Keep this manual with the product or

More information

Features. = +25 C, Vdd = 2V* Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Frequency Range GHz Gain db

Features. = +25 C, Vdd = 2V* Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Frequency Range GHz Gain db Typical Applications This is ideal for: Features Noise Figure: 5 db Short Haul / High Capacity Links Wireless LANs Automotive Radar Military & Space E-Band Communication Systems Functional Diagram P1dB:

More information

ELECTRICITY AND ENERGY

ELECTRICITY AND ENERGY 1 Using electricity Electricity is a very important type of energy. There are lots of ways we can describe electricity they all have specialised meanings. Draw lines to connect each word with its meaning

More information

Abstract. Background and Introduction. The Concept of Damage. Quality Delivered. Plug n Play

Abstract. Background and Introduction. The Concept of Damage. Quality Delivered. Plug n Play Abstract 2 The Damage Boundary method of product fragility analysis has been around since the late 1960s and has proven itself to be an outstanding tool for reliability analysis, protective package design,

More information