Sound 1 -- Microphones
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1 Sound 1 -- Microphones 1
2 Sound 1 Microphones Sound 1 -- Microphones 2
3 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Sound 1 -- Microphones 3
4 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Operating Principle Sound 1 -- Microphones 4
5 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Sound 1 -- Microphones 5
6 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Directional Characteristic Sound 1 -- Microphones 6
7 Classification: Microphones are classified by: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Directional Characteristic -- How does the microphone respond to sound arriving from different directions? Sound 1 -- Microphones 7
8 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Sound 1 -- Microphones 8
9 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Sound 1 -- Microphones 9
10 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Sound 1 -- Microphones 10
11 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo (piezo-electric) Sound 1 -- Microphones 11
12 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic Sound 1 -- Microphones 12
13 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic (moving coil) Sound 1 -- Microphones 13
14 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic Ribbon Sound 1 -- Microphones 14
15 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic Ribbon Condenser Sound 1 -- Microphones 15
16 Classification: Operating Principle -- What physical principle is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy? Carbon Piezo Dynamic Ribbon Condenser (capacitor) Sound 1 -- Microphones 16
17 Carbon Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 17
18 Carbon Microphone: The movement of the diaphragm compresses carbon granules, varying the electrical current. Sound 1 -- Microphones 18
19 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 19
20 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Sound 1 -- Microphones 20
21 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Sound 1 -- Microphones 21
22 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 22
23 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Disadvantages: Requires external power source Sound 1 -- Microphones 23
24 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Disadvantages: Requires external power source Limited frequency range Sound 1 -- Microphones 24
25 Carbon Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Rugged Disadvantages: Requires external power source Limited frequency range Limited sensitivity Sound 1 -- Microphones 25
26 Carbon Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 26
27 Piezo-electric Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 27
28 Piezo-electric Microphone: The movement of the diaphragm bends a crystalline materiel, varying the electrical current generated. (Same principle as a BBQ starter wand.) Sound 1 -- Microphones 28
29 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 29
30 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Sound 1 -- Microphones 30
31 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 31
32 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Disadvantages: Fragile Sound 1 -- Microphones 32
33 Piezo-electric Microphone: Advantages: Cheap to manufacture Disadvantages: Fragile High electrical impedance limits cable length Sound 1 -- Microphones 33
34 Piezo-electric Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 34
35 Dynamic Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 35
36 Dynamic Microphone: The movement of the diaphragm causes a small coil of wire to move in a magnetic field, varying the electrical current generated. (Same principle as bicycle dynamo.) Sound 1 -- Microphones 36
37 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 37
38 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Sound 1 -- Microphones 38
39 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 39
40 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Susceptible to external magnetic fields (hum) Sound 1 -- Microphones 40
41 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Susceptible to external magnetic fields (hum) Magnet is heavy Sound 1 -- Microphones 41
42 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Susceptible to external magnetic fields (hum) Magnet is heavy Magnetic shielding is heavy Sound 1 -- Microphones 42
43 Dynamic Microphone: Advantages: Good quality for reasonable price Disadvantages: Susceptible to external magnetic fields (hum) Magnet is heavy Magnetic shielding is heavy Inertia of coil limits sensitivity Sound 1 -- Microphones 43
44 Dynamic Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 44
45 Ribbon Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 45
46 Ribbon Microphone: The movement of the ribbon within a magnetic field varies the electrical current generated. Sound 1 -- Microphones 46
47 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 47
48 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Good high frequency response Sound 1 -- Microphones 48
49 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Good high frequency response Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 49
50 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Good high frequency response Disadvantages: Fragile to mechanical shock, wind, voice pops Sound 1 -- Microphones 50
51 Ribbon Microphone: Advantages: Good high frequency response Disadvantages: Fragile to mechanical shock, wind, voice pops Very low electrical impedance requires transformer Sound 1 -- Microphones 51
52 Ribbon Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 52
53 Condenser Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 53
54 Condenser Microphone: The movement of the charged diaphragm causes a change in electrical capacitance, varying the electrical current generated. Sound 1 -- Microphones 54
55 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 55
56 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light Sound 1 -- Microphones 56
57 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity Sound 1 -- Microphones 57
58 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Sound 1 -- Microphones 58
59 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Can be made small Sound 1 -- Microphones 59
60 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Can be made small Disadvantages: Sound 1 -- Microphones 60
61 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Can be made small Disadvantages: Requires external voltage source Sound 1 -- Microphones 61
62 Condenser Microphone: Advantages: Thin diaphragm is light good sensitivity good high frequency response Can be made small Disadvantages: Requires external voltage source Expensive to manufacture Sound 1 -- Microphones 62
63 Condenser Microphone: Sound 1 -- Microphones 63
64 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 64
65 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Sound 1 -- Microphones 65
66 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Not directional Sound 1 -- Microphones 66
67 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Not directional Diaphragm only exposed on one side (front) Sound 1 -- Microphones 67
68 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Not directional Diaphragm only exposed on one side (front) Sensitive only to pressure variation Sound 1 -- Microphones 68
69 Directional Characteristics: Omnidirectional Not directional Diaphragm only exposed on one side (front) Sensitive only to absolute pressure variation Pressure microphone Sound 1 -- Microphones 69
70 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Sound 1 -- Microphones 70
71 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Sound 1 -- Microphones 71
72 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Diaphragm exposed on both sides (front and back) Sound 1 -- Microphones 72
73 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Diaphragm exposed on both sides (front and back) Sensitive to difference in pressure between front and back Sound 1 -- Microphones 73
74 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Diaphragm exposed on both sides (front and back) Sensitive to difference in pressure between front and back Pressure gradient microphone Sound 1 -- Microphones 74
75 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Sound 1 -- Microphones 75
76 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Responds to sound from front and back Sound 1 -- Microphones 76
77 Directional Characteristics: Bidirectional: Directional Responds to sound from front and back Rejects sound from sides Sound 1 -- Microphones 77
78 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 78
79 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 79
80 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 80
81 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 81
82 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 82
83 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 83
84 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 84
85 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 85
86 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 86
87 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 87
88 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 88
89 Directional Characteristics: Sound 1 -- Microphones 89
90 Directional Characteristics: Distance Factor: Sound 1 -- Microphones 90
91 Directional Characteristics: Distance Factor: Microphones with higher distance factor can work farther from source. Sound 1 -- Microphones 91
92 Directional Characteristics: 3:1 Rule: Sound 1 -- Microphones 92
93 Directional Characteristics: 3:1 Rule: Microphones should never be placed closer together than three times the distance between mic and source. Sound 1 -- Microphones 93
94 Directional Characteristics: 3:1 Rule: Microphones should never be placed closer together than three times the distance between mic and source, to prevent comb-filtering. Sound 1 -- Microphones 94
95 Proximity Effect: Sound 1 -- Microphones 95
96 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones Sound 1 -- Microphones 96
97 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones exhibit a boost in bass (low frequencies) when working close. Sound 1 -- Microphones 97
98 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones exhibit a boost in bass (low frequencies) when working close. 2 feet Sound 1 -- Microphones 98
99 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones exhibit a boost in bass (low frequencies) when working close. 2 inches Sound 1 -- Microphones 99
100 Proximity Effect: All directional microphones exhibit a boost in bass (low frequencies) when working close. ¼ inch Sound 1 -- Microphones 100
101 Boundary Effect: Sound 1 -- Microphones 101
102 Boundary Effect: 1. Sound waves reflected from the floor or other surface cause phase cancellation at some frequency. Sound 1 -- Microphones 102
103 Boundary Effect: 1. Sound waves reflected from the floor or other surface cause phase cancellation at some frequency. 2. The closer to a surface the microphone is mounted, the higher the frequency at which the phase cancellation takes place. Sound 1 -- Microphones 103
104 Boundary Effect: 1. Sound waves reflected from the floor or other surface cause phase cancellation at some frequency. 2. The closer to a surface the microphone is mounted, the higher the frequency at which the phase cancellation takes place. 3. With the microphone mounted close to or directly on a large surface, any phase cancellation occurs at frequencies beyond the limit of hearing. Sound 1 -- Microphones 104
105 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: Sound 1 -- Microphones 105
106 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible Sound 1 -- Microphones 106
107 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible doubling of SPL since direct and reflected sound waves add. (+6 db) Sound 1 -- Microphones 107
108 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible doubling of SPL since direct and reflected sound waves add. (+6 db) reverberation caused by surface eliminated at mic (direct to reverberant ratio improved by 3dB) Sound 1 -- Microphones 108
109 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible doubling of SPL since direct and reflected sound waves add. (+6 db) reverberation caused by surface eliminated at mic (direct to reverberant ratio improved by 3dB mic sounds closer) Sound 1 -- Microphones 109
110 Boundary Effect: Advantages of placing a microphone close to a large boundary: comb-filtering is inaudible doubling of SPL since direct and reflected sound waves add. (+6 db) reverberation caused by surface eliminated at mic (direct to reverberant ratio improved by 3dB mic sounds closer) overall improvement of 9dB Sound 1 -- Microphones 110
111 Boundary Effect: Sound 1 -- Microphones 111
112 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 112
113 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 113
114 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 114
115 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 115
116 Microphone Inventory: Sound 1 -- Microphones 116
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