4 Rosin-derived Polymers and their Progress in Controlled Polymerisation Introduction Rosin Chemical Compositions...

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1 Contents 1 Use of Rosin Acids as Rigid Building Blocks in the Synthesis of Curing Agents for Epoxies Introduction Curing of Anhydride Type Derivatives of Rosin Acid with Epoxy Rosin-derived Rigid Curing Agents Regulation of the Flexibility Conclusions Preparation and Characterisation of Epoxy Binders Based on Rosin Introduction Modification of Rosin to Prepare Epoxy Resins Chemical Composition of Rosin Preparation of Epoxy Resins from Rosin Synthesis of Epoxy Binders from Rosin Hydroxyl Derivatives Production of Epoxy Resins from Diels-Alder Rosin Adducts Production of Epoxy Binders by the Condensation of Rosin Acid with formaldehyde Modification of Rosin Epoxy Binders Characterisation of Uncured Rosin Epoxy Binders ix

2 Rosin-based Chemicals and Polymers Characterisation of Epoxy Binders Based on Rosin Adducts Characterisation of Glycidyl Ethers and Esters of Condensed Rosin Formaldehyde Derivatives Characterisation of Glycidyl Ether of Diabiety Ketone Preparation of Epoxy Curing Agents Based on Rosin Curing of Epoxy Binders Based on Rosin Effect of Epoxy Molecular Structures on Curing Exotherms Effect of Hardener Structures on Curing Exotherms Coating Applications of Modified Rosin Epoxy Relationships Between the Structures of Cured Epoxy Resin and their Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Chemical Resistance for Cured Resins Testing the Corrosion Resistance of Coatings Thermosetting Polymers based on Rosin and Turpentine Feedstock Chemicals Introduction Terpene Epoxy Resins and their Polyol Derivatives Rosin-Based Polyol used in Polyurethanes Rosin and Turpentine Interpenetrating Polymer Network Conclusions Rosin-derived Polymers and their Progress in Controlled Polymerisation Introduction Rosin Chemical Compositions x

3 Contents 4.3 Gum Rosin-derived Polymers Main Chain Rosin-based Polymers Side Chain Rosin-based Polymers Controlled/Living Radical Polymerisation Synthesis of Acrylic Monomers Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation of Acrylic Monomers Properties of Resin Acid-derived Acrylic Polymers Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer of Acrylic Monomers Rosin Acid-Caprolactone Block Copolymers [4] Two-step Sequential Polymerisation Degradability and Thermal Properties of Diblock Copolymers of 2-Acryloyloxyethyl Dehydroabieticcarboxylate and Caprolactone Outlook and Conclusions Synthesis and Application of Rosin-Based Surfactants Introduction Synthesis of Rosin-based Surfactants Synthesis of Cationic Surfactants Rosin Acid-based Ester Quaternary Ammonium Salts Dehydroabietylamine Derived Quaternary Ammonium Salts Synthesis of Anionic Surfactants Synthesis of Zwitterionic Surfactants Synthesis of Nonionic Surfactants xi

4 Rosin-based Chemicals and Polymers 5.3 Physicochemical Properties Physical Properties Phase Behaviour Applications Paper Sizing and the Rubber Industry Antibacterial Activity Corrosion Inhibition Chiral Catalyst Chiral Separation Material Synthesis Development Trends of Rosin-Based Surfactants Biological Activity of Rosin Derivatives Introduction Biological Activities of Rosin Acid Derivatives Antitumour Activities Antiviral Activities Antibacterial Activities Effects on the Digestive System Anti-inflammatory Activities Ion Channel Activities Other Activities Quantative Structure-Activity Relationships Biological Mechanisms Antitumour Mechanism Anti-inflammatory Mechanism Development Trends in Biological Research xii

5 Contents Abbreviations Index xiii

6 Rosin-based Chemicals and Polymers xiv