INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE

Transcription

1 i i INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE Chris Reynolds Course Technology PTR A part ofcengage Learning * $ COURSE TECHNOLOGY QO CENGAGE Learning" Australia, Brazil, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom, United States

2 TABLE DF CONTENTS Introduction xv PART 1 WHAT IS BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE? 1 Chapter 1 What Is Architecture? 3 Architecture for a Home or Building 3 Architecture for Information Technology Systems 6 Architecture for Businesses 7 In Your Business 10 Summary ; 10 Chapter 2 Why You Need Business Architecture 11 Understanding What Your Business Currently Has 11 Understanding How Your Business Fits with Its Environment 13 The Supply Chain 13 Within Your Industry 15 Relative to Your Competition 16 Lead or Follow 16 Understanding Where You Want to Go: The Roadmap 17 In Your Business 17 Summary 18 VI

3 Table of Contents vii PART 2 WHAT IS BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE COMPRISED DF? 1 9 Chapter 3 The Goals View 21 Personal Goals 21 Business Goals 22 The Mission Statement as a Goal 24 Structure of the Goals View 24 Analysis of the Goals View 26 SMART Goals 27 Specific Goals 27 Measurable Goals 27 Attainable Goals 28 Realizable Goals 28 Time-Bounded Goals 28 Goals Case Study XYZ Telco 28 The Situation 28 The Point 29 In Your Business 29 Summary 30 Chapter 4 The Facades View 31 UML 32 The Business Actor 33 The Business Use Case 34 The Business Use-Case Diagram : 35 Structuring the Facades View 38 Tying It All Back to the Facades View 38 Facades Case Study Alpha Wholesale Restaurant Supply 39 The Situation 39 The Point 40 In Your Business 40 Summary 41 Chapter 5 The Communications View 43 Inside the Business 46 Communications in the Business Environment 47

4 viii Table of Contents Communications Case Study Omega Enterprises 48 The Situation 48 The Point 49 In Your Business 50 Summary 50 Chapter 6 The Processes View 51 Contents of the Processes View.53 Process: UML Activity Diagram 55 Process: BPMN Diagram 57 Communication and Process 59 Processes View Structure 60 Current State versus Future State 61 Processes Case Study Gamma Telco 62 The Situation 62 The Point 63 In Your Business 64 Summary.64 Chapter 7 The Business Entities View 65 Business Entity Relationships 68 Party Models 71 Business Entities Case Study Delta Telecom Billing 72 The Situation 72 The Point 73 In Your Business 73 Summary 74 PART 3 PUTTING TOGETHER YOUR BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE MODEL 75 Chapter 8 The Bottom-Up Approach 77 Starting the Work 78 Document What You Know 79 Filling In the Gaps 80 Completing the Business Architecture Model 82 Finishing Up the Current State 82 Establishing a Future State Goals View 83

5 Table of Contents ix Establishing a Future State Facades View 83 Establishing Future State Communications, Processes, and Business Entities Views 84 Creating Your Roadmap 84 Establishing a Continuous Improvement Program 86 Being Part of Strategic Discussions 87 Driving the Project Portfolio 87 Feeding the Model with Project Artifacts 88 Pros and Cons of the Bottom-Up Approach 88 In Your Business 89 Summary 89 Chapter 9 The Top-Down Approach 91 How to Start 91 The Approach to Top-Down Work 92 Facades 93 Processes 95 'Communications 96 Business Entities 96 Pros and Cons of the Top-Down Approach 97 In Your Business 98 Summary 98 Chapter 10 When Are We Done? 99 Initial Business Architecture Work 99 Initial Goals View 100 Initial Facades View 101 Initial Processes, Communications, and Business Entities Views Finishing the Initial Work 103 Finishing the Business Architecture Model 104 Pros and Cons of the All-in-One Approach 104 Pros and Cons of the Accretion Approach 105 Ongoing Changes 105 Incorporating Project Content 106 The Business Planning Cycle 106 In Your Business 107 Summary 107

6 Table of Contents Chapter 11 Representational Languages for Business Architecture The Goals View Language 110 The Facades View Language 112 The Processes View Language 116 The Communications View Language 117 The Business Entities View Language 119 Other Content/Languages 122 Model Relationships 122 In Your Business 123 Summary 123 Chapter 12 Frameworks 125 Business Architecture and The Zachman Framework 126 Fit with the Goals View 127 Fit with the Facades View 128 Fit with the Processes View 128 Fit with the Communications View 128 Fit with the Business Entities View.129 Business Architecture and the POLDAT Framework 129 Fit with the Goals View 130 Fit with the Facades View 130 Fit with the Processes View 131 Fit with the Communications View 131 Fit with the Business Entities View 131 Business Architecture and the TOGAF 131 Fit with the Goals View 132 Fit with the Facades View 132 Fit with the Processes View 132 Fit with the Communications View 133 Fit with the Business Entities View 133 Tying the Framework Concept Back to Business Architecture 133 In Your Business 135 Summary 135

7 Table of Contents xi PART 4 UNDERSTANDING YOUR BUSINESS 1 37 Chapter 13 Product-Driven Business Structure 139 Goals in a Product-Driven Business 139 Facades in a Product-Driven Business 140 Processes in a Product-Driven Business 142 Communications in a Product-Driven Business 143 Business Entities in a Product-Driven Business 144 In Your Business 144 Summary 144 Chapter 14 Service-Driven Business Structure 145 Goals in a Service-Driven Business 145 Facades in a Service-Driven Business 146 Processes in a Service-Driven Business 149 Communications in a Service-Driven Business 152 Business Entities in a Service-Driven Business 153 In Your Business 154 Summary 154 Chapter 15 Price-Driven Business Structure 155 Goals in a Price-Driven Business 156 Facades in a Price-Driven Business 156 Processes in a Price-Driven Business 157 Communications in a Price-Driven Business 158 Business Entities in a Price-Driven Business.., 159 In Your Business 160 Summary 160 Chapter 16 Business Architecture and Business Drivers 163 Determining Which Structure Model Drives Your Business 163 Determining How Well Your Business Is Currently Aligned 165 Determining What It Will Take to Align Your Business 167 Using Standard Frameworks for Your Future State 168 In Your Business 169 Summary 170

8 xii Table of Contents PART 5 PRACTICAL USES FOR YOUR BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE Chapter 17 Shifting Business Structure Models 173 Migrating from One Business Structure Model to Another 174 Hybrid Business Structures 176 Service-Driven Business Adding a Product Focus 177 Product-Driven Business Adding a Service Focus 179 Making the Transition 180 In Your Business 181 Summary 181 Chapter 18 Acquisition 183 Acquiring a Business 183 Due Diligence Analysis on a Target Business 184 Planning the Integration with an Acquired Target Business Being Acquired by Another Business 188 Preparing to Be Acquired ".188 Demonstrating Value During the Integration 190 In Your Business 192 Summary 193 Chapter 19 Reengineering for Efficiency 195 Reengineering Goals 195 Reengineering Facades 197 Reengineering Processes 197 Reengineering Communications 198 Reengineering Business Entities 199 Tying It All to a Future State 199 Reengineering and Automation 200 In Your Business 201 Summary 201 Chapter 20 Planning 203 Planning Business Architecture Work 203 Planning Cycles and Business Architecture 204 Ad Hoc Change and Planning 208

9 Table of Contents xiii Planning Business Change Using Business Architecture 208 The Gap 208 The Portfolio of Work 209 Adjusting to Business Climate Change 211 Unforeseen Need for Change 212 In Your Business 213 Summary 213 Chapter 21 Project Initiation 215 Initiating the Right Projects 215 Tying Business Architecture Content to the Project 216 Goals View to Project Content 217 Facades View to Project Content 217 Processes View to Project Content 218 Communications View to Project Content 219 Business Entities View to Project Content 219 Tying Project Content Back to the Business Architecture Model Feeding the Goals View 221 Feeding the Facades View 221 Feeding the Processes View 222 Feeding the Communications View 222 Feeding the Business Entities View 223 In Your Business 223 Summary 223 PART 6 APPENDIXES 225 Appendix A Typical Sections in a Business Use Case 227 Name 227 Brief Description 227 Pre- and Post-Conditions 227 Trigger 228 Primary Flow 228 Alternate Flow(s) 228 Diagrams 228

10 XIV Table of Contents Appendix B UML Cheat Sheet 229 Business Activity Diagram Symbols 229 Business Entity Diagram Symbols 231 Business Use-Case Diagram Symbols 232 Communication Diagram Symbols 233 State Diagram Symbols 233 Appendix C BPMN Cheat Sheet 235 Events 236 Activities, Gateways, and Objects 237 Flow Connectors 238 Index 239