Strategic Information Systems Management

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1 Strategic Information Systems Management Kevin Grant, Ray Hackney and David Edgar ; \ COURSE TECHNOLOGY t% CENGAGE Learning- Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States

2 Forewords Preface Acknowledgements Contributors About the Authors Walk-through Tour About the Website 1 Business Strategy for the Digital World 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The development of strategic management 1.3 The development of the digital economy 1.4 The Positioning Approach 1.5 The competitive environment 1.6 The Resource-Based View 1.7 E-business and the Resource-Based View 1.8 Strategic information systems and the RBV 1.9 Dynamic capabilities 1.10 M-commerce Conclusion Key learning points Review questions and tasks Key further reading References 2 Business Exploitation of Information and Communication Technology Systems 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The importance of ICT in contemporary organizations 2.3 Evidence on the exploitation of ICT by organizations 2.4 Challenges associated with exploiting ICT 2.5 Understanding ICT implementation and use 2.6 Improving the exploitation of ICT Conclusion Key learning points Review questions and tasks Key further reading References xvu xix xxv xxvii xxix xli xliii IX

3 3 Information Systems Development Approaches Introduction Why Information Systems Development is key to business strategy A brief history of Information Systems Development Contemporary Information Systems Development (ISD) The Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) Case study: London Ambulance Service - from failure to success 67 Conclusion 73 Key learning points 74 Review questions and tasks 75 Key further reading 75 References 76 4 Disruptive Technologies and Applications Introduction Context for disruptive technologies and applications Strategy of disruption and innovation Internet and related technologies Focus of disruptive internet applications Emerging disruptive technologies: features and applications MMORPGS and virtual worlds Future issues 97 Conclusion 98 Key learning points 98 Review questions and tasks 99 Key further reading 100 References Business IT/IS Alignment Introduction, Business alignment IT/IS alignment Assumptions of and in IT/IS alignment Evolution of IT/IS alignment and its suggested direction of travel Business benefits of IT/IS alignment IT/IS alignment and Enterprise Architecture Academically-based tool kits for IT/IS alignment Practitioners' challenges 124 Conclusion 126 Key learning points 127 Review questions and tasks 127 Key further reading 135 References Strategic IS/IM in Context Introduction The nature of public sector organizations Electronic government (e-government) 144

4 6.4 E-government applications E-government - a global phenomenon Strategies for e-government E-government maturity models Issues and challenges in e-government Emerging technologies Knowledge Management and e-health in NHS Ayrshire and Arran What are SMEs? Why are SMEs important? What is distinctive about SMEs? SMEs and IS/IT: drivers and inhibitors IS/IM competencies for SMEs Planning for IS/IT in SMEs Emerging technologies and practices for SMEs SMEs, IS/IT and policy Comparing and contrasting the two contexts 182 Conclusion 183 Key learning points 183 Review questions and tasks 184 Key further reading 184 References Global Issues in Information Management Introduction Changes in society IT/IS outsourcing and offshoring Emerging technologies and global IM Global information management and management decision-making The greening of IT 208 Conclusion 210 Key learning points 210 Review questions and tasks 211 Key further reading 212 References Strategic Knowledge Management Introduction Evolution of the knowledge economy What is knowledge management? Knowledge management models Organizational learning and knowledge Intellectual capital Knowledge and intellectual capital as a source of sustainable competitive advantage Knowledge management strategies 233 Conclusion 236 Key learning points 236

5 xii Contents Review questions and tasks 237 Key further reading 241 References Organizational Change, Culture and Strategic IS/IT Led Change Introduction Human behaviour and organizational culture Characterizing organizational culture Different types of change Managing for change Getting the organization ready to accept strategic IS/IT led change Dealing with and managing resistance to change Stakeholder engagement Managing change across boundaries Strategic leadership in large and complex organizations Achievement of the organization's new goals and objectives Pitfalls to avoid when leading strategic change 265 Conclusion 266 Key learning points 267 Review questions and tasks 267 Key further reading 270 References IS/IT Benefits Management and Realization Introduction Evaluating information systems The IT productivity paradox Benefits management Financial aspect of IT Benefits management techniques Benefits management approach Benefit realization approach Life cycle thinking and IT economics Requirements for the business cases Organizing the financial control function Case study: IBG Banking 287 Conclusion 295 Key learning points 296 Review questions and tasks 297 Key further reading 297 References Strategic IT/IS Leadership and IT Governance Introduction What is leadership? 301

6 11.3 What is strategic leadership? The differences between managers and leaders Transformational leadership Leading technology enabled innovations Leadership competencies for technology led innovation Leading IT geeks Corporate governance IT governance definition Corporate governance and IT governance The growing maturity of IT governance Corporate Governance of Information Communications Technology Building effective IT governance structure, participation and process IT governance structures Participation in governance IT governance structure Project and programme boards Project and programme management frameworks 332 Conclusion 334 Key learning points 334 Review questions and tasks 335 Key further reading 335 References IT/IS Professionalism, Ethics and Security Introduction IT/IS professionalism What is professionalism? Towards an understanding of IT professionalism What next for IT professionalism? Ethical behaviour in IT/IS Professional organizations and codes of ethics Legislation and its impact on the IT function Intellectual property Types of IT/IS security threats Non-technical attacks Countermeasures: technical controls Countermeasures: non-technical controls 370 Conclusion 374 Key learning points 374 Review questions and activities 376 Key further reading 376 References 377 Index 379

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SIXTH EDITION BUSINESS IN CONTEXT AN INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS AND IIS ENVIRONMENT DAVID NEEDLE /V CENGAGE Learning" Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States CONTENTS