System Development Life Cycle Fall Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies CSD 102
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1 System Development Life Cycle Fall 2016 Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies CSD 102
2 Outline Software Engineering SDLC Mehwish Fatima - CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 2
3 What is the System Development Cycle? What is an information system (IS)? Hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce quality information System Set of components that interact to achieve common goal Businesses use many types of systems Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 3
4 The System Development Life Cycle What are the phases of the system development cycle? Phase 1. Planning Review project requests Prioritize project requests Allocate resources Form project development team Phase 2. Analysis Conduct preliminary investigation Perform detailed analysis activities: Study current system Determine user requirements Recommend solution Phase 3. Design Acquire hardware and software, if necessary Develop details of system Phase 5. Operating, Support, and Security Perform maintenance activities Monitor system performance Assess system security Phase 4. Implementation Develop programs, if necessary Install and test new system Train users Convert to new system Mehwish Fatima p CIIT 621 Fig. Lahore /11/2016 Next 4
5 What is the System Development Cycle? What are guidelines for system development? Arrange tasks into phases (groups of activities) Involve users (anyone for whom system is being built) Develop clearly defined standards (procedures company expects employees to follow) Mehwish Fatima p CIIT 622 Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 5
6 What is the System Development Cycle? Who participates in the system development life cycle? Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT 12-2 Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 6
7 What is the System Development Cycle? What is a systems analyst? Responsible for designing and developing information system Liaison between users and IT professionals Mehwish Fatima p CIIT 623 Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 7
8 What is the System Development Cycle? What is the project team? Formed to work on project from beginning to end Consists of users, systems analyst, and other IT professionals Project leader one member of the team who manages and controls project budget and schedule Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 8
9 What is the System Development Cycle? What is project management? Process of planning, scheduling, and controlling activities during system development cycle Project leader identifies elements for project Goal, objectives, and expectations, collectively called scope Required activities Time estimates for each activity Cost estimates for each activity Order of activities Activities that can take place at same time Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 9
10 What is the System Development Cycle? What is a Gantt chart? Popular tool used to plan and schedule large, complex projects Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 12, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click PERT Charts below Chapter 12 Mehwish Fatima p CIIT 624 Fig. Lahore /11/2016 Next 10
11 What is the System Development Cycle? What is feasibility? Measure of how suitable system development will be to the company Four feasibility tests: Operational feasibility Schedule feasibility Economic feasibility (also called cost/benefit feasibility) Technical feasibility Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 11
12 What is the System Development Cycle? What are six data and information gathering techniques? Review documentation Observe Questionnaire Interview Joint-application design (JAD) session Research Mehwish Fatima p CIIT 626 Fig. Lahore /11/2016 Next 12
13 What Initiates the System Development Cycle? What are some reasons to create or modify an information system? To correct problem in existing system To improve existing system Outside group may mandate change Competition can lead to change Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 13
14 What Initiates the System Development Cycle? What is a request for system services? Formal request for new or modified information system Also called project request Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT 12-6 Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 14
15 Planning Phase What is the planning phase? Begins when steering committee receives project request Steering committee decision-making body for the company Function of committee: Review and approve project requests Prioritize project requests Allocate resources Form project development team for each approved project Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 15
16 Analysis Phase What is the analysis phase? Conduct preliminary investigation, also called feasibility study Perform detailed analysis Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 16
17 Analysis Phase What is the preliminary investigation? Determine exact nature of problem or improvement and whether it is worth pursuing Findings are presented in feasibility report, also known as a feasibility study Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT 12-8 Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 17
18 Analysis Phase What is detailed analysis? 1. Study how current system works 2. Determine user s wants, needs, and requirements 3. Recommend solution Sometimes called logical design Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 18
19 Analysis Phase What is a project dictionary? Contains all the documentation and deliverables of project Helps keep track of huge amount of details in system Variety of techniques to enter items in project dictionary Structured English Decision tables Decision trees Data dictionary Mehwish Fatima p CIIT 635 Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 19
20 Analysis Phase What is a decision table? Lists variety of conditions and actions that correspond to each condition Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 20
21 Analysis Phase What is a decision tree? Shows conditions and actions graphically Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 21
22 Analysis Phase What is the system proposal? Assesses feasibility of each alternative solution Recommend s the most feasible solution for the project Presented to steering committee, which decides how system will be developed Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 22
23 Analysis Phase What is an example of outsourcing? Using Internet solutions provider Internet solutions provider provides Web hosting services Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 12, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Outsourcing below Chapter 12 Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 23
24 Design Phase What is the design phase? Acquire hardware and software Develop all details of new or modified information system Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 24
25 Design Phase What is needed to acquire new hardware and software? Identify all hardware and software requirements of new or modified system Identify technical specifications Solicit vendor proposals Test and evaluate vendor proposals Make a decision Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 25
26 Design Phase How do systems analysts test software products? References from vendor Talk to current users of product Product demonstrations Trial version of software Benchmark test measures performance Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 12, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Benchmark Tests below Chapter 12 Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 26
27 Design Phase What is a mockup? Sample of input or output that contains actual data Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 27
28 Design Phase What is a layout chart? Input or output that contains programming-like notations for data items Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 28
29 Design Phase What is a prototype? Working model of proposed system Beginning a prototype too early may lead to problems Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 29
30 Design Phase What is an inspection? Step-by-step review by project team and users of any system development cycle deliverable Used to review detailed design specifications before they are given to programming team Identifies any errors and allows IT personnel to correct them Used throughout entire system development cycle to review a variety of deliverables Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 30
31 Implementation Phase What is the implementation phase? Purpose is to construct, or build, new or modified system and then deliver it to users Convert to new system Train users Install and test new system Develop programs Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 31
32 Implementation Phase What is training? Showing users exactly how they will use new hardware and software in system Mehwish Fatima p Fig. CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 32
33 Operation, Support, and Security Phase What is the operation, support, and security phase phase? Provides ongoing assistance after system is implemented Conduct post-implementation system review meeting to find out if information system is performing according to expectations Perform Maintenance Activities Monitor System Performance Assess System Security Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 33
34 Operation, Support, and Security Phase What is a computer security plan? Summarizes in writing all of the safeguards that are in place to protect a company s information assets Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 12, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Computer Security Plan below Chapter 12 Identify all information assets of an organization Identify all security risks that may cause an information loss For each risk, identify the safeguards that exist to detect, prevent, and recover from a loss Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 12, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click ICSA below Chapter 12 Mehwish Fatima p CIIT Lahore 06/11/2016 Next 34
35 Summary of Information System Development Phases in the system development cycle Guidelines for system development Activities that occur during the entire system development cycle Chapter 12 Complete Mehwish Fatima - CIIT Lahore 06/11/
36 Summary Software engineering concepts SDLC Mehwish Fatima - CIIT Lahore 06/11/
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