BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY KHAIRUL IRWAN BIN KALID PPSPPA

Transcription

1 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY KHAIRUL IRWAN BIN KALID PPSPPA

2 Before 1957 Malaysia is an agricultural country. Malaysia began develop its construction industry since independence. Today, the construction industry is one of the most important industries in the development of Malaysia economy Ninth Malaysia Plan (9MP) - Construction industry contribute 5.9% in Malaysia GDP Tenth Malaysia Plan (10MP) projected at slow pace about 5.2% contributes about 15.5% in Malaysia GDP- Why?? Generation of construction waste has been increased due to extensive buildings and infrastructures development in the pass two decade (Begum et all,2006). Sources of waste - residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, new construction, renovation, demolition and others. Most of the waste produce is sent directly to landfill without going through proper segregation and recycling process especially construction wastes. Industrial and construction waste composition 28.34% Nasir (2007) Due to the increasing amount of waste, environmental problem has arisen and bring negative impact to environment (Lau et al, 2008). Ministry of Finance, 2012 Sumeran et al, 2011 Berita Harian Online, 13 th January 2014

3 CW - COMMON PERCEPTION Dirty Business Waste Mangement is a 'Waste of Money!! Out of My Sight, Out of My Mind concept How CW being minimized??...easy way??

4 HOW WE HANDLE C&D WASTE?? Open Burning!! Illegally Dumped!! Disposed waste into river

5 OR?? Do nothing at all, and let the nature take it course!!

6 SUMBER : BERITA HARIAN ; MS 2; 3HB NOV 2011

7 SUMBER : BERITA HARIAN ; 6HB FEBRUARI 2010

8 SUMBER : NSTP ; 21 SEPT 2011 SUMBER : UTUSAN ; 21 SEPT 2011

9

10

11

12 FAKTA KAJIAN Lebih 300 longgokan smapah haram dikenalpasti di sekitar Kuala Lumpur. 80% bermula dengan pembuangan sisa pepejal pembinaan - Sumber : Bahagian Penguatkuasaan & Kawal Selia ; PPSPPA WPKL %

13 FAKTA KAJIAN Kebanyakan pihak mengambil jalan mudah melupuskan sisa dengan membakar sisa di tapak, membuang sisa ke sungai dan melonggok sisa di tepi - tepi jalan

14 Construction Waste Waste generated by design activities Waste generated by construction activities

15 Construction Waste Waste generated by design activities Drylining: cutting of plasterboard sheets and metal studs to fit wall heights and openings Flooring: cuttings of floor tiles to fit room layouts Ceilings: cuttings of ceiling tiles and fixings to fit room layouts Insulation: cutting of insulation boards to fit openings Tiling: cutting of floor and wall tiles to suit design and room shapes Paving: cutting of paving slabs to fit layout Brickwork and blockwork: cuttings of bricks and blocks to suit building dimensions and building services

16 Construction Waste Waste generated by construction activities Inaccurate or surplus ordering of materials that don t get used Damage through transportation and handling errors Damage through inadequate storage Damage generated by poor co-ordination with other trades Rework due to low quality of work Inefficient use of materials Temporary works materials (e.g. formwork, hoarding etc)

17 Construction Waste Facts (UK Statistics) Recent research indicates that about 5-10% of building materials end up as waste on building sites. 2.5 to 4 tons about 1.5 to 2.5 kg per square foot of waste is created during the construction of a typical home. Most construction waste currently goes into landfills, increasing the burden on landfill loading and operation. (In Malaysia, most construction waste goes into illegal dumping site)

18 Sumber : DANIDA ; Controlled Solid Waste Estimates Projections and Flow for Malaysia ( )

19 Construction Waste Facts (UK statistics) Consists mainly of :

20 BRICKS

21 CEMENT

22 WOOD

23 REBAR

24 SAND

25 SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT To reduce bad impact to the environment Control waste flow Increase 3R rate, minimize wastage Reduce illegal dumping

26 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT CYCLE Segregation area Sell to other contractor Colllect by recycler Planning Sent to recycling facilities Storage area To landfill Appoint registered waste collector

27 TO SEPARATE AND STORE WASTE

28 WHY NEED TO SEGREGATE WASTE??? To identify quality of waste Improve 'housekeeping' at site Reduce vectors breeding

29

30 MOBILE GARBAGE BIN (MGB) AT PROJECT SITE

31 WHY BOTHER? An effective effort in minimizing wastage in construction can: 1. Make significant savings to the client, contractors and the environment 2. Divert a high percentage of all construction waste materials from the landfill and recycled into new products.

32 Conventional Project / Construction Structure Client Architect / Cons.Engr Main Contractor Sub Contractor Sub Contractor

33 Financial Benefits to clients and contractors Clients end up paying for material wastage. By reducing wastage, a reduced cost for the project can be achieved. Cost saving may be shared by main contractors, sub contractors and clients

34 Financial Benefits to sub contractors Minimized wastage = total saving or increased profit. Drop in tender prices = Commercially Competitive advantage.

35 Environmental benefits Reduced waste = Recycled packaging and waste = less landfill space used reduced environmental impacts reduced demand for virgin materials stimulate demand for recycled materials amongst product manufacturers

36 CAUSES OF CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE 1. DESIGN Design Changes. Failure to use standard production item or standard size component Lack of design information/delayed instruction Lack of dimension coordination. No consideration on Value Management.

37 2. WASTAGE DURING CONSTRUCTION Purchasing Material Transportation and delivery Storage problems Practical waste CAUSES OF Cont..CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE Handling and Fixing Waste Faulty or poor workmanship Vandalism and Theft

38 Site Management and Practices EXAMPLES OF CAUSES Causes of Wastage on Site Lack of a quality management system aimed at wastage minimization Untidy construction sites Poor handling Over-sized foundations and other elements Inadequate protection to finished work Examples e.g. no waste management plan e.g. waste materials are not segregated from useful materials e.g. breakage, damage, losses e.g. over design leads to excess excavation and cut-offs e.g. finished concrete staircases are not protected by boarding

39 Site Management and Practices EXAMPLES OF CAUSES Causes of Wastage on Site Limited visibility on site resulting in damage Poor storage Wrong construction method/ Unskilled personal Waste generation inherited with traditional construction method Examples e.g. inadequate lighting in covered storage area e.g. pallet is not used to protect cement bags from contamination by ground water e.g. poor workmanship of Formwork e.g. timber formwork, wet trade

40 Delivery of products EXAMPLES OF CAUSES Causes of Wastage on Site Examples Over-ordering Method of packaging Method of transport e.g. over ordering of concrete becomes waste e.g. inadequate protection to the materials e.g. materials drop from forklift Inadequate data regarding time and method of delivery e.g. lack of records concerning materials delivery

41 THE IMPORTANCE OF MINIMIZING WASTAGE IN CONSTRUCTION TIME WASTAGE QUALITY COST Wastage will have direct impact on Time, Cost and Quality of a construction project

42 HOW TO EFFECTIVELY MINIMIZE WASTAGE Attitude toward Minimizing wastage Design to prevent waste Use of prefabrication construction method instead of conventional method. Material procurement and handling Adapting a Site Waste Management Plan

43 Who should take action to reduce construction waste? A shared responsibility between all parties: The Client The Designer The Contractor The Sub contractor and Supplier The Workers Contractors and sub contractors, cannot work in isolation. Leadership is required from clients.

44 Design To Prevent Waste Examples: Optimize designed dimensions to correspond to standard product dimensions. Modify framing details to optimize lumber use and reduce waste and costs when ordering. Order drywall in optimal dimensions to minimize cut-off waste. Drywall is available in different lengths, and designed dimensions should correspond to standard sizes. Minimize the number of blueprints and reproductions necessary during the design and construction. Evaluate if salvaging used products is possible.

45 COMPARISON WASTAGE LEVEL OF MAJOR MATERIAL USED ON SITE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL & PREFAB CONSTRUCTION Trade Average wastage Level (in percentage) Waste Reduction % of Reduction Conventional (A) Prefab (B) (C=A-B) C/A % Concreting Rebar Fixing Bricklaying Plastering Tiling Source : Comparing material wastage level between conventional in-situ and prefabrication construction on 30 construction projects ; Hong Kong Universities

46 Purchase To Prevent Waste Avoid excessively packaged materials and supplies. Packaging should be adequate to prevent damage and waste. Minimize waste of vinyl siding, flooring and countertop materials by ordering only the quantity needed in building specific lengths. Evaluate estimating procedures to make sure that excess material is not delivered to the site.

47 A best practice approach to waste reduction Planning Implementation Review Improvement Clients sets targets for waste Main contractor prepares Site Waste Management Plan Sub contractor estimates waste Main contractors and sub-contractors review waste and take action to minimise and manage waste Main contractor requests final waste information from sub contractors Sub contractors complete waste information questionnaires Quantitative Record Qualitative Checklist Share lessons learned Promote innovation Raise awareness Demonstrate better financial and environmental results Quantitative Estimate Qualitative Checklist Main contractor coordinates data and feeds back to client

48 Client sets targets for waste Main contractor prepares Site Waste Q Management Plan Quantitative Estimate Planning Sub contractor estimates waste Qualitative Checklist A Site Waste Management Plan contains the following key features: waste targets as set by client, an estimate of the waste to be generated on site, actions to reduce waste, and actions to avoid waste going to landfill

49 Implementation Main contractors and sub-contractors review waste and take action to minimise and manage waste Best Practices Appoint a Site Waste Manager responsible to ensure that appropriate storage conditions are available keep a record of all materials brought to site Site Waste Manager to ensure materials are supplied in an appropriate manner, and in the correct quantity Site Waste Manager monitor costs/volumes of disposal The Site Waste Manager to determine KPI s on this basis Sub contractors appoint a Trade Waste Manager

50 Main contractor requests final waste information from sub contractors Quantitative Record Review Sub contractors complete Q waste information questionnaires Qualitative Checklist Main contractor coordinates data and feeds back to client Reviewing data and providing feedback can have real benefits, such as: Assess effectiveness of the waste minimization and management strategy. Learn what works and doesn t work in reducing waste Identify exactly how efficient main contractors and sub contractors were on the project Main contractors can see which trades contributed what quantity of materials to the waste stream and why enabling them to prepare better waste estimates in the future Capture any relevant data for future reference and use.

51 Improvement Share lessons learned Promote innovation Raise awareness Demonstrate better financial and environmental results

52 Appoint A Site Waste Manager While all people involved should be encouraged to contribute their ideas and suggestions on ways to minimize waste, one person (or the Environmental, Health and Safety Manager) should act as the Site Waste Manager, responsible for overseeing the management of construction wastes. This person will be responsible for managing waste reduction initiatives and coordinating the activities of other employees.

53 Key role of a site waste manager. Ensure that all relevant legislation and the contractor s duty of care is complied with. Initiate waste reduction, reuse and recycling. Ensure all site personnel know their responsibilities for site waste management. Co-ordinate waste management on site, gather data about waste on site, keep accurate records on waste movement on and off site. Ensure that all waste storage areas and containers are properly labelled to show site workers where to deposit specific materials. Be aware of the construction activities currently taking place on site and the activities planned in the short term.

54 Key role of a site waste manager Conduct a survey of wastes likely to be generated on site and keep a record of them for planning ahead. Whenever possible, ensure the re-use or recycling of material already on site before it is carted away or new materials are imported. Obtain a list of potential buyers or collectors of materials to be re-used or recycled. Encourage all site personnel to use their initiative in coming up with ideas of how to reduce, reuse and recycle wastes. Inform designers so that waste can be reused and recycled on site or on another site.

55 Managing Subcontractors Use a system of allowable waste percentages. In the early pre-work agreements the site manager decides how much waste is acceptable, and agrees a percentage with the subcontractor. If they waste more than the agreed amount, they can be charged the extra costs. This is a great incentive to reduce wastes by efficient use of materials. The lower the allowable percentage, the more care people will take with materials. Setting the right level is crucial.

56 Managing Subcontractors Make subcontractors responsible for both purchasing the raw materials they need, and disposing of any waste material from their activities. This will give them a direct financial incentive to use materials efficiently with the minimum of wastage. Make subcontractors aware of wastage and the costs involved in dealing with wastes. Hold regular meetings to discuss wastage on site.

57 LATAR BELAKANG PROJEK Nama Projek : Cadangan Membina Dan Menyiapkan Pusat Rehabilitasi Perkeso, Bandar Teknologi Hijau, Ayer Keroh, Melaka Lokasi : Bandar Teknologi Hijau, di Mukim Durian Tunggal, Alor Gajah, Melaka. Keluasan Tanah : hektar Anggaran Kos Pembinaan : RM 238 juta Tempoh Projek : September September Kontraktor Pembinaan : IJM Construction Sdn. Bhd Sasaran Kadar Kitar Semula : 73.95%

58 Jenis Sisa Yang Dijana Bil Fasa Pembinaan Jenis Sisa Yang Dijana 1 Fasa 1 : 'Site Preparation' Land clearing debris 2 Fasa 2 : 'Hacking & Demolition' Hack RC piles 3 Fasa 3 : 'Foundation & Sub- Wood, concrete, bricks, scrap irons structure Works' 4 Fasa 4 : 'Super Structure Works' Concrete, bricks, scrap irons 4 Fasa 5 : 'Finishing Works' Wood, plaster

59 Tempat Pemungutan Tempat Pengasingan

60 Kerja - kerja mengekstrak besi dari cerucuk konkrit yang patah dan rosak. Kemudian, sisa konkrit di jadikan filling material untuk tambakan tanah lembut di sekitar kawasan tapak bina

61 Salah satu tempat pengasingan dan pengumpulan sisa kayu. Kawasan tempat pengasingan di pasangkan tape merah-putih memudahkan kerja - kerja pengasingan sisa dan sebagai langkah keselamatan di tapak bina.

62 Penggunaan 'formwork' kayu telah digantikan secara berperingkatdengan penggunaan 'formwork pvc' sebagai langkah untuk mengurangkan janaan sisa kayu di tapak 'Formwork' Kayu Formwork PVC

63 Perbincangan bersama wakil pihak Kilang Unity Bricks Work Sdn Bhd untuk menyelesaikan masalah pengurusan sisa kayu di tapak Stock pile

64

65 Policy and legislation Garis Panduan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Pembinaan di Tapak Bina Peraturan berkaitan sisa pepejal pembinaan dalam tindakan Jabatan Peguam Negara

66 CONCLUSION Activities that minimize wastage, such as designing to standard sizes, reusing building materials, not only cut waste and recycling collection costs but also reduces materials' expenses. Small changes to construction practices and extra attention to detail can add up to significant savings to the client, the contractor and the environment. Everyone of us here has a role to play in bringing changes to our construction practice. Let us begin.

67 THINK!!

68